Explanation: According to the PMBOK Guide, a project manager is responsible for ensuring that the project complies with the relevant laws, regulations, policies, standards, and ethical codes that apply to the project context and environment1. A project manager should also ensure that the project deliverables meet the quality requirements and expectations of the project stakeholders2. A project manager should also ensure that the project documentation is complete, accurate, and updated throughout the project life cycle3.
In this scenario, the project manager has been managing a highly complex project and has ensured that all of the required tasks have been completed. However, during a recent external audit, the project manager was informed of a heavy penalty being levied on the project for the latest module that was implemented. This implies that the project manager did not ensure that the project complied with the applicable laws, regulations, or standards that govern the project domain or industry. The project manager should have ensured that all the required approvals were received per the organizational procedures before implementing the module, as this would have prevented the liability and the penalty. The organizational procedures may include obtaining legal, regulatory, contractual, or internal approvals from the appropriate authorities or parties4.
The project manager should not have ensured that all defects identified during testing were resolved before implementation, as this is not relevant to the liability issue. The project manager should have done this as part of the quality management process, but this would not have guaranteed compliance with the external laws, regulations, or standards. The project manager should not have ensured that all of the required tasks identified in the scope were completed successfully, as this is not sufficient to avoid theliability issue. The project manager should have done this as part of the scope management process, but this would not have ensured compliance with the external laws, regulations, or standards. The project manager should not have ensured that all documentation was completed post implementation before closing the project, as this is too late to prevent the liability issue. The project manager should have done this as part of the closure process, but this would not have avoided the penalty for the non-compliant module.
References: 1: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, page 39. 2: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, page 286. 3: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, page 123. 4: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, page 377.