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According to the PMBOK Guide, change requests are inevitable in any project and should be managed through an integrated change control process. This process involves analyzing the impact of the change on the project objectives, scope, schedule, cost, quality, risk, and other factors, and then deciding whether to approve or reject the change. If the change is approved, the project manager should update the project management plan and other relevant documents accordingly. The project manager should also communicate and negotiate with the stakeholders, especially the client, about the impact of the change and the possible trade-offs or alternatives. The project manager should not instruct the team to accommodate the changes without proper analysis and approval, as this would violate the project management plan and the agreed scope. The project manager should not review the project charter to identify the agreed scope, as this would not address the issue of the change requests and their impact on the project. The project charter is a high-level document that authorizes the project and defines its objectives, scope, and key stakeholders, but it does not provide the details of how the scope will be managed and controlled. The project manager should not escalate the issue to senior management, as this would imply that the project manager is unable to handle the change requests and their impact on the project. The project manager should only escalate the issue if the change requests are beyond the project manager’s authority or responsibility, or if the client is unreasonable or uncooperative. References: PMBOK Guide, 7th edition, pages 112-113, 118-119, 122-123; Project and Process Tailoring for the PMP® Exam

According to the PMBOK Guide, the project manager is responsible for managing changes and ensuring that they are aligned with the project objectives and scope. One of the tools and techniques for managing changes is change control tools, which include a change log, a change management system, and a configuration management system. When a change request is received, the project manager should use these tools to record, track, and approve or reject the change request. In addition, the project manager should also update the project documents and plans that are affected by the change request. One of the project documents that may need to be updated is the product backlog, which is a prioritized list of features and requirements that the project team delivers in sprints. The product backlog is a dynamic document that can change as the project progresses and new information is discovered. Therefore, the project manager should facilitate the update of the product backlog to reflect the change request and ensure that the project team and the project sponsor are on the same page regarding the project scope and deliverables. References: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, pages 115-116, 123-124, 541-542.

According to the AI & SOCIETY article1, legal structures may form barriers to, or enablers of, adoption of precision agriculture management with small autonomous agricultural robots. The article develops a conceptual regulatory framework for small autonomous agricultural robots, from a practical, self-contained engineering guide perspective, sufficient to get working research and commercial agricultural roboticists quickly and easily up and running within the law. The article examines the liability framework, or rather lack of it, for agricultural robotics in EU, and their transpositions to UK law, as a case study illustrating general international legal concepts and issues. It examines how the law may provide mitigating effects on the liability regime, and how contracts can be developed between agents within it to enable smooth operation. It covers other legal aspects of operation such as the use of shared communications resources and privacy in the reuse of robot-collected data. Where there are some grey areas in current law, it argues that new proposals could be developed to reform these to promote further innovation and investment in agricultural robots. Therefore, the lack of a proper legal framework in place for the automation project may be the reason why the elected officials warned the project manager that the project cannot proceed, as they may face legal uncertainties, risks, or challenges that could affect the project’s feasibility, legitimacy, or acceptability. References: AI & SOCIETY article1

 According to the PMBOK Guide, a change request is a formal petition for change in a project. It’s a document that explains what are the changes to be made and the main reasons why they should be implemented1. Change requests can either be submitted by internal or external project stakeholders. When a project manager realizes that some operational project requirements were not captured in the project scope of work, they should issue a change request to include the additional scope, and track the completion of the work items. This is the best way to ensure that the project deliverables meet the customer’s needs and expectations, and that the project scope is aligned with the project objectives. The other options are not the best actions to take in this situation. Issuing a change request to remove items from the scope of work and keep the project on schedule (option A) may compromise the quality and value of the project deliverables, and may result in customer dissatisfaction or rejection. Documenting the issue in the lessons learned document, and discussing this with the project sponsor (option C) may be helpful for future projects, but it does not address the current issue or resolve the gap in the project scope. Arranging to pass the cost to the operational area since the customer will benefit (option D) may create conflicts and resentment among the project stakeholders, and may violate the project budget and contract terms. References: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, pages 115-116, 123-124.