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AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 1

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The company is using AWS Control Tower to deploy a landing zone for the organization. The company wants to implement governance and policy enforcement. The company must implement a policy that will detect Amazon RDS DB instances that are not encrypted at rest in the company’s production OU.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.

Turn on mandatory guardrails in AWS Control Tower. Apply the mandatory guardrails to the production OU.

B.

Enable the appropriate guardrail from the list of strongly recommended guardrails in AWS Control Tower. Apply the guardrail to the production OU.

C.

Use AWS Config to create a new mandatory guardrail. Apply the rule to all accounts in the production OU.

D.

Create a custom SCP in AWS Control Tower. Apply the SCP to the production OU.

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Question 2

A company recently acquired several other companies. Each company has a separate AWS account with a different billing and reporting method. The acquiring company has consolidated all the accounts into one organization in AWS Organizations. However, the acquiring company has found it difficult to generate a cost report that contains meaningful groups for all the teams.

The acquiring company’s finance team needs a solution to report on costs for all the companies through a self-managed application.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report for the organization. Define tags and cost categories in the report. Create a table in Amazon Athena. Create an Amazon QuickSight dataset based on the Athena table. Share the dataset with the finance team.

B.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report for the organization. Define tags and cost categories in the report. Create a specialized template in AWS Cost Explorer that the finance department will use to build reports.

C.

Create an Amazon QuickSight dataset that receives spending information from the AWS Price List Query API. Share the dataset with the finance team.

D.

Use the AWS Price List Query API to collect account spending information. Create a specialized template in AWS Cost Explorer that the finance department will use to build reports.

Question 3

The company needs to determine which costs on the monthly AWS bill are attributable to each application or team. The company also must be able to create reports to compare costs from the last 12 months and to help forecast costs for the next 12 months. A solutions architect must recommend an AWS Billing and Cost Management solution that provides these cost reports.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Activate the user-defined cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.

B.

Activate the AWS generated cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.

C.

Create a cost category for each application in Billing and Cost Management.

D.

Activate IAM access to Billing and Cost Management.

E.

Create a cost budget.

F.

Enable Cost Explorer.

Question 4

A finance company hosts a data lake in Amazon S3. The company receives financial data records over SFTP each night from several third parties. The company runs its own SFTP server on an Amazon EC2 instance in a public subnet of a VPC. After the files ate uploaded, they are moved to the data lake by a cron job that runs on the same instance. The SFTP server is reachable on DNS sftp.examWe.com through the use of Amazon Route 53.

What should a solutions architect do to improve the reliability and scalability of the SFTP solution?

Options:

A.

Move the EC2 instance into an Auto Scaling group. Place the EC2 instance behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the ALB.

B.

Migrate the SFTP server to AWS Transfer for SFTP. Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the server endpoint hostname.

C.

Migrate the SFTP server to a file gateway in AWS Storage Gateway. Update the DNS record sflp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the file gateway endpoint.

D.

Place the EC2 instance behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the NLB.

Question 5

A company wants to migrate an application to Amazon EC2 from VMware Infrastructure that runs in an on-premises data center. A solutions architect must preserve the software and configuration settings during the migration.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure the AWS DataSync agent to start replicating the data store to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Use the SMB share to host the VMware data store. Use VM Import/Export to move the VMs to Amazon EC2.

B.

Use the VMware vSphere client to export the application as an image in Open Virealization Format (OVF) format Create an Amazon S3 bucket to store the image in the destination AWS Region. Create and apply an IAM role for VM Import Use the AWS CLI to run the EC2 import command.

C.

. Configure AWS Storage Gateway for files service to export a Common Internet File System(CIFSJ share. Create a backup copy to the shared folder. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and create an AMI from the backup copy Launch an EC2 instance that is based on the AMI.

D.

Create a managed-instance activation for a hybrid environment in AWS Systems Manager. Download and install Systems Manager Agent on the on-premises VM Register the VM with Systems Manager to be a managed instance Use AWS Backup to create a snapshot of the VM and create an AMI. Launch an EC2 instance that is based on the AMI

Question 6

A software company has deployed an application that consumes a REST API by using Amazon API Gateway. AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon DynamoDB table. The application is showing an increase in the number of errors during PUT requests. Most of the PUT calls come from a small number of clients that are authenticated with specific API keys.

A solutions architect has identified that a large number of the PUT requests originate from one client. The API is noncritical, and clients can tolerate retries of unsuccessful calls. However, the errors are displayed to customers and are causing damage to the API's reputation.

What should the solutions architect recommend to improve the customer experience?

Options:

A.

Implement retry logic with exponential backoff and irregular variation in the client application. Ensure that the errors are caught and handled with descriptive error messages.

B.

Implement API throttling through a usage plan at the API Gateway level. Ensure that the client application handles code 429 replies without error.

C.

Turn on API caching to enhance responsiveness for the production stage. Run 10-minute load tests. Verify that the cache capacity is appropriate for the workload.

D.

Implement reserved concurrency at the Lambda function level to provide the resources that are needed during sudden increases in traffic.

Question 7

A company uses Amazon S3 to store files and images in a variety of storage classes. The company's S3 costs have increased substantially during the past year.

A solutions architect needs to review data trends for the past 12 months and identity the appropriate storage class for the objects.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Download AWS Cost and Usage Reports for the last 12 months of S3 usage. Review AWS Trusted Advisor recommendations for cost savings.

B.

Use S3 storage class analysis. Import data trends into an Amazon QuickSight dashboard to analyze storage trends.

C.

Use Amazon S3 Storage Lens. Upgrade the default dashboard to include advanced metrics for storage trends.

D.

Use Access Analyzer for S3. Download the Access Analyzer for S3 report for the last 12 months. Import the csvfile to an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.

Question 8

A company with global offices has a single 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to a single AWS Region. The company's on-premises network uses the connection to communicate with the company's resources in the AWS Cloud. The connection has a single private virtual interface that connects to a single VPC.

A solutions architect must implement a solution that adds a redundant Direct Connect connection in the same Region. The solution also must provide connectivity to other Regions through the same pair of Direct Connect connections as the company expands into other Regions.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Provision a Direct Connect gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interlace on each connection, and connect both private victual interfaces to the Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to the single VPC.

B.

Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new private virtual interface to the single VPC.

C.

Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new public virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new public virtual interface to the single VPC.

D.

Provision a transit gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the transit gateway. Associate the transit gateway with the single VPC.

Question 9

A company has a legacy monolithic application that is critical to the company's business. The company hosts the application on an Amazon EC2 instance that runs Amazon Linux 2. The company's application team receives a directive from the legal department to back up the data from the instance's encrypted Amazon

Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to an Amazon S3 bucket. The application team does not have the administrative SSH key pair for the instance. The application must continue to serve the users.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Attach a role to the instance with permission to write to Amazon S3. Use the AWS Systems Manager Session Manager option to gain access to the instance and run commands to copy data into Amazon S3.

B.

Create an image of the instance with the reboot option turned on. Launch a new EC2 instance from the image. Attach a role to the new instance with permission to write to Amazon S3. Run a command to copy data into Amazon S3.

C.

Take a snapshot of the EBS volume by using Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM). Copy the data to Amazon S3.

D.

Create an image of the instance. Launch a new EC2 instance from the image. Attach a role to the new instance with permission to write to Amazon S3. Run a command to copy data into Amazon S3.

Question 10

A company is processing videos in the AWS Cloud by using Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. It takes 30 minutes to process a video. Several EC2 instances scale in and out depending on the number of videos in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue.

The company has configured the SQS queue with a redrive policy that specifies a target dead-letter queue and a maxReceiveCount of 1. The company has set the visibility timeout for the SQS queue to 1 hour. The company has set up an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to notify the development team when there are messages in the dead-letter queue.

Several times during the day, the development team receives notification that messages are in the dead-letter queue and that videos have not been processed properly. An investigation finds no errors in the application logs.

How can the company solve this problem?

Options:

A.

Turn on termination protection for the EC2 instances.

B.

Update the visibility timeout for the SOS queue to 3 hours.

C.

Configure scale-in protection for the instances during processing.

D.

Update the redrive policy and set maxReceiveCount to 0.

Question 11

A company has registered 10 new domain names. The company uses the domains for online marketing. The company needs a solution that will redirect online visitors to a specific URL for each domain. All domains and target URLs are defined in a JSON document. All DNS records are managed by Amazon Route 53.

A solutions architect must implement a redirect service that accepts HTTP and HTTPS requests.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational effort? (Choose three.)

Options:

A.

Create a dynamic webpage that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. Configure the webpage to use the JSON document in combination with the event message to look up and respond with a redirect URL.

B.

Create an Application Load Balancer that includes HTTP and HTTPS listeners.

C.

Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the JSON document in combination with the event message to look up and respond with a redirect URL.

D.

Use an Amazon API Gateway API with a custom domain to publish an AWS Lambda function.

E.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Deploy a Lambda@Edge function.

F.

Create an SSL certificate by using AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Include the domains as Subject Alternative Names.

Question 12

A company hosts a Git repository in an on-premises data center. The company uses webhooks to invoke functionality that runs in the AWS Cloud. The company hosts the webhook logic on a set of Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group that the company set as a target for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The Git server calls the ALB for the configured webhooks. The company wants to move the solution to a serverless architecture.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

For each webhook, create and configure an AWS Lambda function URL. Update the Git servers to call the individual Lambda function URLs.

B.

Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API. Implement each webhook logic in a separate AWS Lambda function. Update the Git servers to call the API Gateway endpoint.

C.

Deploy the webhook logic to AWS App Runner. Create an ALB, and set App Runner as the target. Update the Git servers to call the ALB endpoint.

D.

Containerize the webhook logic. Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster, and run the webhook logic in AWS Fargate. Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API, and set Fargate as the target. Update the Git servers to call the API Gateway endpoint.

Question 13

A company is running an application in the AWS Cloud. Recent application metrics show inconsistent response times and a significant increase in error rates. Calls to third-party services are causing the delays. Currently, the application calls third-party services synchronously by directly invoking an AWS Lambda function.

A solutions architect needs to decouple the third-party service calls and ensure that all the calls are eventually completed.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue to store events and invoke the Lambda function.

B.

Use an AWS Step Functions state machine to pass events to the Lambda function.

C.

Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to pass events to the Lambda function.

D.

Use an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to store events and Invoke the Lambda function.

Question 14

A life sciences company is using a combination of open source tools to manage data analysis workflows and Docker containers running on servers in its on-premises data center to process genomics data Sequencing data is generated and stored on a local storage area network (SAN), and then the data is processed. The research and development teams are running into capacity issues and have decided to re-architect their genomics analysis platform on AWS to scale based on workload demands and reduce the turnaround time from weeks to days

The company has a high-speed AWS Direct Connect connection Sequencers will generate around 200 GB of data for each genome, and individual jobs can take several hours to process the data with ideal compute capacity. The end result will be stored in Amazon S3. The company is expecting 10-15 job requests each day

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use regularly scheduled AWS Snowball Edge devices to transfer the sequencing data into AWS When AWS receives the Snowball Edge device and the data is loaded into Amazon S3 use S3 events to trigger an AWS Lambda function to process the data

B.

Use AWS Data Pipeline to transfer the sequencing data to Amazon S3 Use S3 events to trigger an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to launch custom-AMI EC2 instances running the Docker containers to process the data

C.

Use AWS DataSync to transfer the sequencing data to Amazon S3 Use S3 events to trigger an AWS Lambda function that starts an AWS Step Functions workflow Store the Docker images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) and trigger AWS Batch to run the container and process the sequencing data

D.

Use an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway to transfer the sequencing data to Amazon S3 Use S3 events to trigger an AWS Batch job that runs on Amazon EC2 instances running the Docker containers to process the data

Question 15

A retail company has an on-premises data center in Europe. The company also has a multi-Region AWS presence that includes the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 Regions. The company wants to be able to route network traffic from its on-premises infrastructure into VPCs in either of those Regions. The company also needs to support traffic that is routed directly between VPCs in those Regions. No single points of failure can exist on the network.

The company already has created two 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connections from its on-premises data center. Each connection goes into a separate Direct Connect location in Europe for high availability. These two locations are named DX-A and DX-B, respectively. Each Region has a single AWS Transit Gateway that is configured to route all inter-VPC traffic within that Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a private VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a private VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with the Direct Connect gateway. Peer the transit gateways with each other to support cross-Region routing.

B.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Associate the eu-west-1 transit gateway with this Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into a separate Direct Connect gateway. Associate the us-east-1 transit gateway with this separate Direct Connect gateway. Peer the Direct Connect gateways with each other to support high availability and cross-Region routing.

C.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with this Direct Connect gateway. Configure the Direct Connect gateway to route traffic between the transit gateways.

D.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with this Direct Connect gateway. Peer the transit gateways with each other to support cross-Region routing.

Question 16

A company runs a proprietary stateless ETL application on an Amazon EC2 Linux instance. The application is a Linux binary, and the source code cannot be modified. The application is single-threaded, uses 2 GB of RAM. and is highly CPU intensive The application is scheduled to run every 4 hours and runs for up to 20 minutes A solutions architect wants to revise the architecture for the solution.

Which strategy should the solutions architect use?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Lambda to run the application. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to invoke the Lambda function every 4 hours.

B.

Use AWS Batch to run the application. Use an AWS Step Functions state machine to invoke the AWS Batch job every 4 hours.

C.

Use AWS Fargate to run the application. Use Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) to invoke the Fargate task every 4 hours.

D.

Use Amazon EC2 Spot Instances to run the application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy and run the application every 4 hours.

Question 17

A finance company is running its business-critical application on current-generation Linux EC2 instances The application includes a self-managed MySQL database performing heavy I/O operations. The application is working fine to handle a moderate amount of traffic during the month. However, it slows down during the final three days of each month due to month-end reporting, even though the company is using Elastic Load Balancers and Auto Scaling within its infrastructure to meet the increased demand.

Which of the following actions would allow the database to handle the month-end load with the LEAST impact on performance?

Options:

A.

Pre-warming Elastic Load Balancers, using a bigger instance type, changing all Amazon EBS volumes to GP2 volumes.

B.

Performing a one-time migration of the database cluster to Amazon RDS. and creatingseveral additional read replicas to handle the load during end of month

C.

Using Amazon CioudWatch with AWS Lambda to change the type. size, or IOPS of Amazon EBS volumes in the cluster based on a specific CloudWatch metric

D.

Replacing all existing Amazon EBS volumes with new PIOPS volumes that have the maximum available storage size and I/O per second by taking snapshots before the end of the month and reverting back afterwards.

Question 18

A retail company has structured its AWS accounts to be part of an organization in AWS Organizations. The company has set up consolidated billing and has mapped its departments to the following OUs: Finance. Sales. Human Resources

The HR department is releasing a new system thai will launch in 3 months. In preparation, the HR department has purchased several Reserved Instances (RIs) in its production AWS account. The HR department will install the new application on this account. The HR department wants to make sure that other departments cannot share the Rl discounts.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

In the AWS Billing and Cost Management console for the HR department's production account, turn off R1 sharing.

B.

Remove the HR department's production AWS account from the organization. Add the account to the consolidating billing configuration only.

C.

In the AWS Billing and Cost Management console, use the organization's management account to turn off R1 sharing for the HR department's production AWS account.

D.

Create an SCP in the organization to restrict access to the RIs. Apply the SCP to the OUs of the other departments.

Question 19

A company is developing a new serverless API by using Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The company integrated the Lambda functions with API Gateway to use several shared libraries and custom classes.

A solutions architect needs to simplify the deployment of the solution and optimize for code reuse.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Deploy the shared libraries and custom classes into a Docker image. Store the image in an S3 bucket. Create a Lambda layer that uses the Docker image as the source. Deploy the API's Lambda functions as Zip packages. Configure the packages to use the Lambda layer.

B.

Deploy the shared libraries and custom classes to a Docker image. Upload the image to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Create a Lambda layer that uses the Docker image as the source. Deploy the API's Lambda functions as Zip packages. Configure the packages to use the Lambda layer.

C.

Deploy the shared libraries and custom classes to a Docker container in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) by using the AWS Fargate launch type. Deploy the API's Lambda functions as Zip packages. Configure the packages to use the deployed container as a Lambda layer.

D.

Deploy the shared libraries, custom classes, and code for the API's Lambda functions to a Docker image. Upload the image to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure the API's Lambda functions to use the Docker image as the deployment package.

Question 20

A company developed a pilot application by using AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Java. To save costs during development, the company's development team deployed the application into a single-instance environment. Recent tests indicate that the application consumes more CPU than expected. CPU utilization is regularly greater than 85%, which causes some performance bottlenecks.

A solutions architect must mitigate the performance issues before the company launches the application to production.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Create a new Elastic Beanstalk application. Select a load-balanced environment type. Select all Availability Zones. Add a scale-out rule that will run if the maximum CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

B.

Create a second Elastic Beanstalk environment. Apply the traffic-splitting deployment policy. Specify a percentage of incoming traffic to direct to the new environment in the average CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

C.

Modify the existing environment's capacity configuration to use a load-balanced environment type. Select all Availability Zones. Add a scale-out rule that will run if the average CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

D.

Select the Rebuild environment action with the load balancing option Select an Availability Zones Add a scale-out rule that will run if the sum CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

Question 21

A company wants to migrate its workloads from on premises to AWS. The workloads run on Linuxand Windows. The company has a large on-premises intra structure that consists of physical machines and VMs that host numerous applications.

The company must capture details about the system configuration. system performance. running processure and network coi.net lions of its o. -premises ,on boards. The company also must divide the on-premises applications into groups for AWS migrations. The company needs recommendations for Amazon EC2 instance types so that the company can run its workloads on AWS in the most cost-effective manner.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Application Discovery Agent on the physical machines and VMs.

B.

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Systems Manager Agent on the physical machines and VMs

C.

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Systems Manager Application Manager.

D.

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Migration Hub.

E.

Generate recommended instance types and associated costs by using AWS Migration Hub.

F.

Import data about server sizes into AWS Trusted Advisor. Follow the recommendations for cost optimization.

Question 22

A company uses a service to collect metadata from applications that the company hosts on premises. Consumer devices such as TVs and internet radios access the applications. Many older devices do not support certain HTTP headers and exhibit errors when these headers are present in responses. The company has configured an on-premises load balancer to remove the unsupported headers from responses sent to older devices, which the company identified by the User-Agent headers.

The company wants to migrate the service to AWS, adopt serverless technologies, and retain the ability to support the older devices. The company has already migrated the applications into a set of AWS Lambda functions.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the metadata service. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure the CloudFront distribution to forward requests to the ALB. Configure the ALB to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a CloudFront function to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent header.

B.

Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API for the metadata service. Configure API Gateway to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Modify the default gateway responses to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent header.

C.

Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API for the metadata service. Configure API Gateway to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a response mapping template to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent. Associate the response data mapping with the HTTP API.

D.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the metadata service. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure the CloudFront distribution to forward requests to the ALB. Configure the ALB to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a Lambda@Edge function that will remove the problematic headers in response to viewer requests based on the value of the User-Agent header.

Question 23

A company is hosting a monolithic REST-based API for a mobile app on five Amazon EC2 instances in public subnets of a VPC. Mobile clients connect to the API by using a domain name that is hosted on Amazon Route 53. The company has created a Route 53 multivalue answer routing policy with the IP addresses of all the EC2 instances. Recently, the app has been overwhelmed by large and sudden increases to traffic. The app has not been able to keep up with the traffic.

A solutions architect needs to implement a solution so that the app can handle the new and varying load.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Separate the API into individual AWS Lambda functions. Configure an Amazon API Gateway REST API with Lambda integration for the backend. Update the Route 53 record to point to the API Gateway API.

B.

Containerize the API logic. Create an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Run the containers in the cluster by using Amazon EC2. Create a Kubernetes ingress. Update the Route 53 record to point to the Kubernetes ingress.

C.

Create an Auto Scaling group. Place all the EC2 instances in the Auto Scaling group. Configure the Auto Scaling group to perform scaling actions that are based on CPU utilization. Create an AWS Lambda function that reacts to Auto Scaling group changes and updates the Route 53 record.

D.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the API. Move the EC2 instances to private subnets in the VPC. Add the EC2 instances as targets for the ALB. Update the Route 53 record to point to the ALB.

Question 24

A company uses an on-premises data analytics platform. The system is highly available in a fully redundant configuration across 12 servers in the company's data center.

The system runs scheduled jobs, both hourly and daily, in addition to one-time requests from users.Scheduled jobs can take between 20 minutes and 2 hours to finish running and have tight SLAs. The scheduled jobs account for 65% of the system usage. User jobs typically finish running in less than 5 minutes and have no SLA. The user jobs account for 35% of system usage. During system failures, scheduled jobs must continue to meet SLAs. However, user jobs can be delayed.

A solutions architect needs to move the system to Amazon EC2 instances and adopt a consumption-based model to reduce costs with no long-term commitments. The solution must maintain high availability and must not affect the SLAs.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Split the 12 instances across two Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run four instances in each Availability Zone as Spot Instances.

B.

Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. In one of the Availability Zones, run all four instances as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run the remaining instances as Spot Instances.

C.

Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with a Savings Plan. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as Spot Instances.

D.

Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run three instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run one instance in each Availability Zone as a Spot Instance.

Question 25

A company has its cloud infrastructure on AWS A solutions architect needs to define the infrastructure as code. The infrastructure is currently deployed in one AWS Region. The company's business expansion plan includes deployments in multiple Regions across multiple AWS accounts

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use AWS CloudFormation templates Add IAM policies to control the various accounts Deploy the templates across the multiple Regions

B.

Use AWS Organizations Deploy AWS CloudFormation templates from the management account Use AWS Control Tower to manage deployments across accounts

C.

Use AWS Organizations and AWS CloudFormation StackSets Deploy a CloudFormation template from an account that has the necessary IAM permissions

D.

Use nested stacks with AWS CloudFormation templates Change the Region by using nested stacks

Question 26

A company wants to use AWS to create a business continuity solution in case the company's main on-premises application fails. The application runs on physical servers that also run other applications. The on-premises application that the company is planning to migrate uses a MySQL database as a data store. All the company's on-premises applications use operating systems that are compatible with Amazon EC2.

Which solution will achieve the company's goal with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Install the AWS Replication Agent on the source servers, including the MySQL servers. Set up replication for all servers. Launch test instances for regular drills. Cut over to the test instances to fail over the workload in the case of a failure event.

B.

Install the AWS Replication Agent on the source servers, including the MySQL servers. Initialize AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery in the target AWS Region. Define the launch settings. Frequently perform failover and fallback from the most recent point in time.

C.

Create AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication servers and a target Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster to host the database. Create a DMS replication task to copy the existing data to the target DB cluster. Create a local AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) change data capture (CDC) task to keep the data synchronized. Install the rest of the software on EC2 instances by starting with a compatible base AMI.

D.

Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway Volume Gateway on premises. Mount volumes on all on-premises servers. Install the application and the MySQL database on the new volumes. Take regular snapshots. Install all the software on EC2 Instances by starting with a compatible base AMI. Launch a Volume Gateway on an EC2 instance. Restore the volumes from the latest snapshot. Mount the new volumes on the EC2 instances in the case of a failure event.

Question 27

A global media company is planning a multi-Region deployment of an application. Amazon DynamoDB global tables will back the deployment to keep the user experience consistent across the two continents where users are concentrated. Each deployment will have a public Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company manages public DNS internally. The company wants to make the application available through an apex domain.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?

Options:

A.

Migrate public DNS to Amazon Route 53. Create CNAME records for the apex domain to point to the ALB. Use a geolocation routing policy to route traffic based on user location.

B.

Place a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the ALB. Migrate public DNS to Amazon Route 53. Create a CNAME record for the apex domain to point to the NLB's static IP address. Use a geolocation routing policy to route traffic based on user location.

C.

Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator with multiple endpoint groups that target endpoints in appropriate AWS Regions. Use the accelerator's static IP address to create a record in public DNS for the apex domain.

D.

Create an Amazon API Gateway API that is backed by AWS Lambda in one of the AWS Regions. Configure a Lambda function to route traffic to application deployments by using the round robin method. Create CNAME records for the apex domain to point to the API's URL.

Question 28

A company is planning to migrate its business-critical applications from an on-premises data center to AWS. The company has an on-premises installation of a Microsoft SQL Server Always On cluster. The company wants to migrate to an AWS managed database service. A solutions architect must design a heterogeneous database migration on AWS.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Migrate the SQL Server databases to Amazon RDS for MySQL by using backup and restore utilities.

B.

Use an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device to transfer data to Amazon S3. Set up Amazon RDS for MySQL. Use S3 integration with SQL Server features, such as BULK INSERT.

C.

Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool to translate the database schema to Amazon RDS for MeSQL. Then use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data from on-premises databases to Amazon RDS.

D.

Use AWS DataSync to migrate data over the network between on-premises storage and Amazon S3. Set up Amazon RDS for MySQL. Use S3 integration with SQL Server features, such as BULK INSERT.

Question 29

A startup company hosts a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets using the latest Amazon Linux 2 AMI. The company's engineers rely heavily on SSH access to the instances for troubleshooting.

The company's existing architecture includes the following:

• A VPC with private and public subnets, and a NAT gateway

• Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity with the on-premises environment

• EC2 security groups with direct SSH access from the on-premises environment

The company needs to increase security controls around SSH access and provide auditing of commands executed by the engineers.

Which strategy should a solutions architect use?

Options:

A.

Install and configure EC2 Instance Connect on the fleet of EC2 instances. Remove all security group rules attached to EC2 instances that allow inbound TCP on port 22. Advise the engineers to remotely access the instances by using the EC2 Instance Connect CLI.

B.

Update the EC2 security groups to only allow inbound TCP on port 22 to the IP addresses of the engineer's devices. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all EC2 instances and send operating system audit logs to CloudWatch Logs.

C.

Update the EC2 security groups to only allow inbound TCP on port 22 to the IP addresses of the engineer's devices. Enable AWS Config for EC2 security group resource changes. Enable AWS Firewall Manager and apply a security group policy that automatically remediates changes to rules.

D.

Create an IAM role with the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore managed policy attached. Attach the IAM role to all the EC2 instances. Remove all security group rules attached to the EC2 instances that allow inbound TCP on port 22. Have the engineers install the AWS Systems Manager Session Manager plugin for their devices and remotely access the instances by using the start-session API call from Systems Manager.

Question 30

A company has developed a web application. The company is hosting the application on a group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The company wants to improve the security posture of the application and plans to use AWS WAF web ACLs. The solution must not adversely affect legitimate traffic to the application.

How should a solutions architect configure the web ACLs to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Set the action of the web ACL rules to Count. Enable AWS WAF logging Analyze the requests for false positives Modify the rules to avoid any false positive Over time change the action of the web ACL rules from Count to Block.

B.

Use only rate-based rules in the web ACLs. and set the throttle limit as high as possible Temporarily block all requests that exceed the limit. Define nested rules to narrow the scope of the rate tracking.

C.

Set the action o' the web ACL rules to Block. Use only AWS managed rule groups in the web ACLs Evaluate the rule groups by using Amazon CloudWatch metrics with AWS WAF sampled requests or AWS WAF logs.

D.

Use only custom rule groups in the web ACLs. and set the action to Allow Enable AWS WAF logging Analyze the requests tor false positives Modify the rules to avoid any false positive Over time, change the action of the web ACL rules from Allow to Block.

Question 31

A company has many AWS accounts and uses AWS Organizations to manage all of them. A solutions architect must implement a solution that the company can use to share a common network across multiple accounts.

The company's infrastructure team has a dedicated infrastructure account that has a VPC. The infrastructure team must use this account to manage the network. Individual accounts cannot have the ability to manage their own networks. However, individual accounts must be able to create AWS resources within subnets.

Which combination of actions should the solutions architect perform to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Create a transit gateway in the infrastructure account.

B.

Enable resource sharing from the AWS Organizations management account.

C.

Create VPCs in each AWS account within the organization in AWS Organizations. Configure the VPCs to share the same CIDR range and subnets as the VPC in the infrastructure account. Peer the VPCs in each individual account with the VPC in the infrastructure account,

D.

Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager in the infrastructure account. Select the specific AWS Organizations OU that will use the shared network. Select each subnet to associate with the resource share.

E.

Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager in the infrastructure account. Select the specific AWS Organizations OU that will use the shared network. Select each prefix list to associate with the resource share.

Question 32

A company is building a serverless application that runs on an AWS Lambda function that is attached to a VPC. The company needs to integrate the application with a new service from an external provider. The external provider supports only requests that come from public IPv4 addresses that are in an allow list.

The company must provide a single public IP address to the external provider before the application can start using the new service.

Which solution will give the application the ability to access the new service?

Options:

A.

Deploy a NAT gateway. Associate an Elastic IP address with the NAT gateway. Configure the VPC to use the NAT gateway.

B.

Deploy an egress-only internet gateway. Associate an Elastic IP address with the egress-only internet gateway. Configure the elastic network interface on the Lambda function to use the egress-only internet gateway.

C.

Deploy an internet gateway. Associate an Elastic IP address with the internet gateway. Configure the Lambda function to use the internet gateway.

D.

Deploy an internet gateway. Associate an Elastic IP address with the internet gateway. Configure the default route in the public VPC route table to use the internet gateway.

Question 33

A company plans to refactor a monolithic application into a modern application designed deployed or AWS. The CLCD pipeline needs to be upgraded to support the modem design for the application with the following requirements

• It should allow changes to be released several times every hour.

* It should be able to roll back the changes as quickly as possible.

Which design will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Deploy a Cl-CD pipeline that incorporates AMIs to contain the application and their configurations Deploy the application by replacing Amazon EC2 instances

B.

Specify AWS Elastic Beanstak to sage in a secondary environment as the deployment target for the CI/CD pipeline of the application. To deploy swap the staging and production environment URLs.

C.

Use AWS Systems Manager to re-provision the infrastructure for each deployment Update the Amazon EC2 user data to pull the latest code art-fact from Amazon S3 and use Amazon Route 53 weighted routing to point to the new environment

D.

Roll out the application updates as pan of an Auto Scaling event using prebuilt AMIs. Use new versions of the AMIs to add instances, and phase out all instances that use the previous AMI version with the configured termination policy during a deployment event.

Question 34

A company built an application based on AWS Lambda deployed in an AWS CloudFormation stack. The last production release of the web application introduced an issue that resulted in an outage lasting several minutes. A solutions architect must adjust the deployment process to support a canary release.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an alias for every new deployed version of the Lambda function. Use the AWS CLIupdate-alias command with the routing-config parameter to distribute the load.

B.

Deploy the application into a new CloudFormation stack. Use an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy to distribute the load.

C.

Create a version for every new deployed Lambda function. Use the AWS CLI update-function-configuration command with the routing-config parameter to distribute the load.

D.

Configure AWS CodeDeploy and use CodeDeployDefault.OneAtATime in the Deployment configuration to distribute the load.

Question 35

A company has introduced a new policy that allows employees to work remotely from their homes if they connect by using a VPN The company Is hosting Internal applications with VPCs in multiple AWS accounts Currently the applications are accessible from the company's on-premises office network through an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection The VPC in the company's main AWS account has peering connections established with VPCs in other AWS accounts.

A solutions architect must design a scalable AWS Client VPN solution for employees to use while they work from home

What is the MOST cost-effective solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a Client VPN endpoint in each AWS account Configure required routing that allows access to internal applications

B.

Create a Client VPN endpoint in the mam AWS account Configure required routing that allows access to internal applications

C.

Create a Client VPN endpoint in the main AWS account Provision a transit gateway that is connected to each AWS account Configure required routing that allows access to internal applications

D.

Create a Client VPN endpoint in the mam AWS account Establish connectivity between the Client VPN endpoint and the AWS Site-to-Site VPN

Question 36

A company is running a critical application that uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL database to store data. The RDS DB instance is deployed in Multi-AZ mode.

A recent RDS database failover test caused a 40-second outage to the application A solutions architect needs to design a solution to reduce the outage time to less than 20 seconds.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Use Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached in front of the database

B.

Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis in front of the database.

C.

Use RDS Proxy in front of the database

D.

Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL

E.

Create an Amazon Aurora Replica

F.

Create an RDS for MySQL read replica

Question 37

A solutions architect is auditing the security setup of an AWS Lambda function for a company. The Lambda function retrieves the latest changes from an Amazon Aurora database. The Lambda function and the database run in the same VPC. Lambda environment variables are providing the database credentials to the Lambda function.

The Lambda function aggregates data and makes the data available in an Amazon S3 bucket that is configured for server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS). The data must not travel across the internet. If any database credentials become compromised, the company needs a solution that minimizes the impact of the compromise.

What should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Enable IAM database authentication on the Aurora DB cluster. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access the database by using IAM database authentication. Deploy a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 in the VPC.

B.

Enable IAM database authentication on the Aurora DB cluster. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access the database by using IAM database authentication. Enforce HTTPS on the connection to Amazon S3 during data transfers.

C.

Save the database credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Set up password rotation on the credentials in Parameter Store. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access Parameter Store. Modify the Lambda function to retrieve the credentials from Parameter Store. Deploy a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 in the VPC.

D.

Save the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. Set up password rotation on the credentials in Secrets Manager. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access Secrets Manager. Modify the Lambda function to retrieve the credentials Om Secrets Manager. Enforce HTTPS on the connection to Amazon S3 during data transfers.

Question 38

A company has 10 accounts that are part of an organization in AWS Organizations AWS Config is configured in each account All accounts belong to either the Prod OU or the NonProd OU

The company has set up an Amazon EventBridge rule in each AWS account to notify an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when an Amazon EC2 security group inbound rule is created with 0.0.0.0/0 as the source The company's security team is subscribed to the SNS topic

For all accounts in the NonProd OU the security team needs to remove the ability to create a security group inbound rule that includes 0.0.0.0/0 as the source

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Modify the EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to remove the security group inbound rule and to publish to the SNS topic Deploy the updated rule to the NonProd OU

B.

Add the vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports AWS Config managed rule to the NonProd OU

C.

Configure an SCP to allow the ec2 AulhonzeSecurityGrouplngress action when the value of the aws Sourcelp condition key is not 0.0.0.0/0 Apply the SCP to the NonProd OU

D.

Configure an SCP to deny the ec2 AuthorizeSecurityGrouplngress action when the value of the aws Sourcelp condition key is 0.0.0.0/0 Apply the SCP to the NonProd OU

Question 39

A company is hosting a critical application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The application uses an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis single-node cluster for an in-memory data store. The application uses an Amazon RDS for MariaDB DB instance for a relational database. For the application to function, each piece of the infrastructure must be healthy and must be in an active state.

A solutions architect needs to improve the application's architecture so that the infrastructure can automatically recover from failure with the least possible downtime.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Use an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute traffic across multiple EC2 instances. Ensure that the EC2 instances are part of an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of two instances.

B.

Use an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute traffic across multiple EC2 instances Ensure that the EC2 instances are configured in unlimited mode.

C.

Modify the DB instance to create a read replica in the same Availability Zone. Promote the read replica to be the primary DB instance in failure scenarios.

D.

Modify the DB instance to create a Multi-AZ deployment that extends across two Availability Zones.

E.

Create a replication group for the ElastiCache for Redis cluster. Configure the cluster to use an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of two instances.

F.

Create a replication group for the ElastiCache for Redis cluster. Enable Multi-AZ on the cluster.

Question 40

A solutions architect is designing the data storage and retrieval architecture for a new application that a company will be launching soon. The application is designed to ingest millions of small records per minute from devices all around the world. Each record is less than 4 KB in size and needs to be stored in a durable location where it can be retrieved with low latency. The data is ephemeral and the company is required to store the data for 120 days only, after which the data can be deleted.

The solutions architect calculates that, during the course of a year, the storage requirements would be about 10-15 TB.

Which storage strategy is the MOST cost-effective and meets the design requirements?

Options:

A.

Design the application to store each incoming record as a single .csv file in an Amazon S3 bucket to allow for indexed retrieval. Configure a lifecycle policy to delete data older than 120 days.

B.

Design the application to store each incoming record in an Amazon DynamoDB table properly configured for the scale. Configure the DynamoOB Time to Live (TTL) feature to delete records older than 120 days.

C.

Design the application to store each incoming record in a single table in an Amazon RDS MySQL database. Run a nightly cron job that executes a query to delete any records older than 120 days.

D.

Design the application to batch incoming records before writing them to an Amazon S3 bucket. Update the metadata for the object to contain the list of records in the batch and use the Amazon S3 metadata search feature to retrieve the data. Configure a lifecycle policy to delete the data after 120 days.

Question 41

A company is building a solution in the AWS Cloud. Thousands or devices will connect to the solution and send data. Each device needs to be able to send and receive data in real time over the MQTT protocol. Each device must authenticate by using a unique X.509 certificate.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Set up AWS loT Core. For each device, create a corresponding Amazon MQ queue and provision a certificate. Connect each device to Amazon MQ.

B.

Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and configure it with an AWS Lambda authorizer. Run an MQTT broker on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group as the target for the NLB. Connect each device to the NLB.

C.

Set up AWS loT Core. For each device, create a corresponding AWS loT thing and provision a certificate. Connect each device to AWS loT Core.

D.

Set up an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API and a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Create integration between API Gateway and the NLB. Configure a mutual TLS certificate authorizer on the HTTP API. Run an MQTT broker on an Amazon EC2 instance that the NLB targets. Connect each device to the NLB.

Question 42

A solutions architect must analyze a company's Amazon EC2 Instances and Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes to determine whether the company is using resources efficiently The company is running several large, high-memory EC2 instances lo host database dusters that are deployed in active/passive configurations The utilization of these EC2 instances varies by the applications that use the databases, and the company has not identified a pattern

The solutions architect must analyze the environment and take action based on the findings.

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Create a dashboard by using AWS Systems Manager OpsConter Configure visualizations tor Amazon CloudWatch metrics that are associated with the EC2 instances and their EBS volumes Review the dashboard periodically and identify usage patterns Right size the EC2 instances based on the peaks in the metrics

B.

Turn on Amazon CloudWatch detailed monitoring for the EC2 instances and their EBS volumes Create and review a dashboard that is based on the metrics Identify usage patterns Right size the FC? instances based on the peaks In the metrics

C.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on each of the EC2 Instances Turn on AWS Compute Optimizer, and let it run for at least 12 hours Review the recommendations from Compute Optimizer, and right size the EC2 instances as directed

D.

Sign up for the AWS Enterprise Support plan Turn on AWS Trusted Advisor Wait 12 hours Review the recommendations from Trusted Advisor, and rightsize the EC2 instances as directed

Question 43

A company runs its application in the eu-west-1 Region and has one account for each of its environments development, testing, and production All the environments are running 24 hours a day 7 days a week by using stateful Amazon EC2 instances and Amazon RDS for MySQL databases The databases are between 500 GB and 800 GB in size

The development team and testing team work on business days during business hours, but the production environment operates 24 hours a day. 7 days a week. The company wants to reduce costs AH resources are tagged with an environment tag with either development, testing, or production as the key.

What should a solutions architect do to reduce costs with the LEAST operational effort?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule that runs once every day Configure the rule to invoke one AWS Lambda function that starts or stops instances based on the tag day and time.

B.

Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule that runs every business day in the evening. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that stops instances based on the tag-Create a second EventBridge (CloudWatch Events) rule that runs every business day in the morning Configure the second rule to invoke another Lambda function that starts instances based on the tag

C.

Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule that runs every business day in the evening Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that terminates instances based on the tag Create a second EventBridge (CloudWatch Events) rule that runs every business day in the morning Configure the second rule to invoke another Lambda function that restores the instances from their last backup based on the tag.

D.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs every hour. Configure the rule to invoke one AWS Lambda function that terminates or restores instances from their last backup based on the tag. day, and time.

Question 44

A company wants to use a third-party software-as-a-service (SaaS) application. The third-party SaaS application is consumed through several API calls. The third-party SaaS application also runs on AWS inside a VPC.

The company will consume the third-party SaaS application from inside a VPC. The company has internal security policies that mandate the use of private connectivity that does not traverse the internet. No resources that run in the company VPC are allowed to be accessed from outside the company’s VPC. All permissions must conform to the principles of least privilege.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS PrivateLink interface VPC endpoint. Connect this endpoint to the endpoint service that the third-party SaaS application provides. Create a security group to limit the access to the endpoint. Associate the security group with the endpoint.

B.

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the third-party SaaS application and thecompany VPC. Configure network ACLs to limit access across the VPN tunnels.

C.

Create a VPC peering connection between the third-party SaaS application and the company VPUpdate route tables by adding the needed routes for the peering connection.

D.

Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service. Ask the third-party SaaS provider to create an interface VPC endpoint for this endpoint service. Grant permissions for the endpoint service to the specific account of the third-party SaaS provider.

Question 45

A video processing company has an application that downloads images from an Amazon S3 bucket, processes the images, stores a transformed image in a second S3 bucket, and updates metadata about the image in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The application is written in Node.js and runs by using an AWS Lambda function. The Lambda function is invoked when a new image is uploaded to Amazon S3.

The application ran without incident for a while. However, the size of the images has grown significantly. The Lambda function is now failing frequently with timeout errors. The function timeout is set to its maximum value. A solutions architect needs to refactor the application’s architecture to prevent invocation failures. The company does not want to manage the underlying infrastructure.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Modify the application deployment by building a Docker image that contains the application code. Publish the image to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR).

B.

Create a new Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) task definition with a compatibility type of AWS Fargate. Configure the task definition to use the new image in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Adjust the Lambda function to invoke an ECS task by using the ECS task definition when a new file arrives in Amazon S3.

C.

Create an AWS Step Functions state machine with a Parallel state to invoke the Lambda function. Increase the provisioned concurrency of the Lambda function.

D.

Create a new Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) task definition with a compatibility type of Amazon EC2. Configure the task definition to use the new image in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Adjust the Lambda function to invoke an ECS task by using the ECS task definition when a new file arrives in Amazon S3.

E.

Modify the application to store images on Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) and to store metadata on an Amazon RDS DB instance. Adjust the Lambda function to mount the EFS file share.

Question 46

A company has an asynchronous HTTP application that is hosted as an AWS Lambda function. A public Amazon API Gateway endpoint invokes the Lambda function. The Lambda function and the API Gateway endpoint reside in the us-east-1 Region. A solutions architect needs to redesign the application to support failover to another AWS Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an API Gateway endpoint in the us-west-2 Region to direct traffic to the Lambda function in us-east-1. Configure Amazon Route 53 to use a failover routing policy to route traffic for the two API Gateway endpoints.

B.

Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure API Gateway to direct traffic to the SQS queue instead of to the Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to pull messages from the queue for processing.

C.

Deploy the Lambda function to the us-west-2 Region. Create an API Gateway endpoint in us-west-2 to direct traffic to the Lambda function in us-west-2. Configure AWS Global Accelerator and an Application Load Balancer to manage traffic across the two API Gateway endpoints.

D.

Deploy the Lambda function and an API Gateway endpoint to the us-west-2 Region. Configure Amazon Route 53 to use a failover routing policy to route traffic for the two API Gateway endpoints.

Question 47

A company runs a Java application that has complex dependencies on VMs that are in the company's data center. The application is stable. but the company wants to modernize the technology stack. The company wants to migrate the application to AWS and minimize the administrative overhead to maintain the servers.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST code changes?

Options:

A.

Migrate the application to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate by using AWS App2Container. Store container images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Grant the ECS task execution role permission 10 access the ECR image repository. Configure Amazon ECS to use an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Use the ALB to interact with the application.

B.

Migrate the application code to a container that runs in AWS Lambda. Build an Amazon API Gateway REST API with Lambda integration. Use API Gateway to interact with the application.

C.

Migrate the application to Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) on EKS managed node groups by using AWS App2Container. Store container images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Give the EKS nodes permission to access the ECR image repository. Use Amazon API Gateway to interact with the application.

D.

Migrate the application code to a container that runs in AWS Lambda. Configure Lambda to use an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Use the ALB to interact with the application.

Question 48

A company has a web application that allows users to upload short videos. The videos are stored on Amazon EBS volumes and analyzed by custom recognition software for categorization.

The website contains stat c content that has variable traffic with peaks in certain months. The architecture consists of Amazon EC2 instances running in an Auto Scaling group for the web application and EC2 instances running in an Auto Scaling group to process an Amazon SQS queue The company wants to re-architect the application to reduce operational overhead using AWS managed services where possible and remove dependencies on third-party software.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use Amazon ECS containers for the web application and Spot Instances for the Auto Scaling group that processes the SQS queue. Replace the custom software with Amazon Recognition to categorize the videos.

B.

Store the uploaded videos n Amazon EFS and mount the file system to the EC2 instances for Te web application. Process the SOS queue with an AWS Lambda function that calls the Amazon Rekognition API to categorize the videos.

C.

Host the web application in Amazon S3. Store the uploaded videos in Amazon S3. Use S3 event notifications to publish events to the SQS queue Process the SQS queue with an AWS Lambda function that calls the Amazon Rekognition API to categorize the videos.

D.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to launch EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group for the web application and launch a worker environment to process the SQS queue Replace the custom software with Amazon Rekognition to categorize the videos.

Question 49

Question:

A company is modernizing a legacy.NET Frameworkapplication backed by SQL Server. Requirements:

    Containerize into microservices.

    Control OS patches and storage.

    Add load balancing.

    Ensure high availability.Which solution meets all of these with minimal refactoring?

Options:

A.

Use App2Container to deploy on ECS EC2 with ALB and RDS for SQL Server.

B.

Use App2Container on ECS EC2 with NLB and Aurora MySQL.

C.

Use Porting Assistant and EKS with Fargate and Aurora MySQL.

D.

Use Porting Assistant and EKS with Fargate and RDS SQL Server.

Question 50

A company stores application data in many Amazon S3 buckets in one AWS account. Some of the S3 buckets contain sensitive data. The company does not have data inventory for the S3 buckets. The company uses server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) to encrypt all data in the S3 buckets.

A solutions architect must design a solution to encrypt sensitive data with a key that only administrators can access.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use Amazon Inspector to determine which S3 buckets contain sensitive data. Create a new AWS KMS customer managed key and a key policy that provides access to administrators only. Set default S3 bucket encryption to use the new KMS key (SSE-KMS). Update the S3 bucket policy to add a Deny effect and a Condition element of "StringNotEquals": { "s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption": "aws:kms" }.

B.

Use Amazon Inspector to determine which S3 buckets contain sensitive data. Update the key policy on the AWS managed key to provide access to administrators only. Use AWS Batch to encrypt all existing objects that include sensitive data in the S3 buckets with the updated AWS managed key.

C.

Use Amazon Made to determine which S3 buckets contain sensitive data. Create a new AWS KMS customer managed key and a key policy that provides access to administrators only. Set default S3 bucket encryption to use the new KMS key (SSE-KMS). Create an AWS Step Functionsworkflow to encrypt all existing S3 objects that include sensitive data by using the new KMS key.

D.

Use Amazon Made to determine which S3 buckets contain sensitive data. Update the key policy on the AWS managed key to provide access to administrators only. Update the S3 bucket policy to add a Deny effect and a Condition element of "StringNotEquals": { "s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption": "aws:kms" }.

Question 51

A company is planning to migrate its on-premises VMware cluster of 120 VMS to AWS. The VMS have many different operating systems and many custom software

packages installed. The company also has an on-premises NFS server that is 10 TB in size. The company has set up a 10 GbpsAWS Direct Connect connection to AWS for the migration

Which solution will complete the migration to AWS in the LEAST amount of time?

Options:

A.

Export the on-premises VMS and copy them to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use VM Import/Export to create AMIS from the VM images that are stored in Amazon S3.Order an AWS Snowball Edge device. Copy the NFS server data to the device. Restore the NFS server data to an Amazon EC2 instance that has NFS configured.

B.

Configure AWS Application Migration Service with a connection to the VMware cluster. Create a replication job for the VMS. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Configure AWS DataSync to copy the NFS server data to the EFS file system over the Direct Connect connection.

C.

Recreate the VMS on AWS as Amazon EC2 instances. Install all the required software packages. Create an Amazon FSx for Lustre file system. Configure AWS DataSync to copy the NFS server data to the FSx for Lustre file system over the Direct Connect connection.

D.

Order two AWS Snowball Edge devices. Copy the VMS and the NFS server data to the devices. Run VM Import/Export after the data from the devices isloaded to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Copy the NFS server data from Amazon S3 to the EFS file system.

Question 52

A financial services company sells its software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform for application compliance to large global banks. The SaaS platform runs on AWS and uses multiple AWS accounts that are managed in an organization in AWS Organizations. The SaaS platform uses many AWS resources globally.

For regulatory compliance, all API calls to AWS resources must be audited, tracked for changes, and stored in a durable and secure data store.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail. Use an existing Amazon S3 bucket in the organization's management account to store the logs. Deploy the trail to all AWS Regions. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.

B.

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in each member account of the organization. Create new Amazon S3 buckets to store the logs. Deploy the trail to all AWS Regions. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 buckets.

C.

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in the organization's management account. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket with versioning turned on to store the logs. Deploy the trail for all accounts in the organization. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.

D.

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in the organization's management account. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket to store the logs. Configure Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to send log-file delivery notifications to an external management system that will track the logs. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.

Question 53

A software as a service (SaaS) company provides a media software solution to customers The solution is hosted on 50 VPCs across various AWS Regions and AWS accounts One of the VPCs is designated as a management VPC The compute resources in the VPCs work independently

The company has developed a new feature that requires all 50 VPCs to be able to communicate with each other. The new feature also requires one-way access from each customer's VPC to the company's management VPC The management VPC hosts a compute resource that validates licenses for the media software solution

The number of VPCs that the company will use to host the solution will continue to increase as the solution grows

Which combination of steps will provide the required VPC connectivity with the LEAST operational overhead'' (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Create a transit gateway Attach all the company's VPCs and relevant subnets to the transit gateway

B.

Create VPC peering connections between all the company's VPCs

C.

Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) that points to the compute resource for license validation. Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service that is available to each customer's VPC Associate the endpoint service with the NLB

D.

Create a VPN appliance in each customer's VPC Connect the company's management VPC to each customer's VPC by using AWS Site-to-Site VPN

E.

Create a VPC peering connection between the company's management VPC and each customer'sVPC

Question 54

An ecommerce company runs an application on AWS. The application has an Amazon API Gateway API that invokes an AWS Lambda function. The data is stored in an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance.

During the company's most recent flash sale, a sudden increase in API calls negatively affected the application's performance. A solutions architect reviewed the Amazon CloudWatch metrics during that time and noticed a significant increase in Lambda invocations and database connections. The CPU utilization also was high on the DB instance.

What should the solutions architect recommend to optimize the application's performance?

Options:

A.

Increase the memory of the Lambda function. Modify the Lambda function to close the database connections when the data is retrieved.

B.

Add an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster to store the frequently accessed data from the RDS database.

C.

Create an RDS proxy by using the Lambda console. Modify the Lambda function to use the proxy endpoint.

D.

Modify the Lambda function to connect to the database outside of the function's handler. Check for an existing database connection before creating a new connection.

Question 55

Question:

An application uses CloudFront, App Runner, and two S3 buckets — one for static assets and one for user-uploaded content. User content is infrequently accessed after 30 days. Users are located only in Europe.

How can the companyoptimize cost?

Options:

A.

Expire S3 objects after 30 days.

B.

Transition S3 content toGlacier Deep Archiveafter 30 days.

C.

Use Spot Instances with App Runner.

D.

Add auto scaling to Aurora read replica.

E.

UseCloudFront Price Class 200(Europe & U.S. only).

Question 56

To abide by industry regulations, a solutions architect must design a solution that will store a company's critical data in multiple public AWS Regions, including in the United States, where the company's headquarters is located The solutions architect is required to provide access to the data stored in AWS to the company's global WAN network The security team mandates that no traffic accessing this data should traverse the public internet

How should the solutions architect design a highly available solution that meets the requirements and is cost-effective'?

Options:

A.

Establish AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to all AWS Regions in use the company WAN to send traffic over to the headquarters and then to the respective DX connection to access the data

B.

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use inter-region VPC peering to access the data in other AWS Regions

C.

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use an AWS transit VPC solution to access data in other AWS Regions

D.

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use Direct Connect Gateway to access data in other AWS Regions.

Question 57

A company runs an ecommerce website on Amazon ECS behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company stores the container images in Amazon ECR. The website stores data in an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The company uses an Amazon S3 bucket to store backup data.

The company needs to prevent data tampering. The website domain is registered with Amazon Route 53. The company wants to recreate the setup in a second AWS Region with an RPO of 5 minutes and an RTO of 15 minutes. The company has created an ALB in the second Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Use the ECR repository in the current Region to store and pull container images. Set up a cross-Region read replica in Amazon RDS. Create a backup vault in compliance mode and a backup plan in AWS Backup. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondary record with a multivalue answer routing policy.

B.

Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Use the ECR repository in the current Region to store and pull container images. Set up a cross-Region read replica in Amazon RDS. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondary record with a failover routing policy.

C.

Set up ECR cross-Region replication. Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Migrate the DB cluster to an Aurora global database. Create a backup vault in compliance mode and a backup plan in AWS Backup. Enable point-in-time recovery and cross-Region replication for Amazon S3. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondaryrecord with a failover routing policy.

D.

Set up ECR cross-Region replication. Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Migrate the DB cluster to an Aurora global database. Create a backup vault in governance mode and a backup plan in AWS Backup. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondary record with a geolocation routing policy.

Question 58

A company deploys workloads in multiple AWS accounts. Each account has a VPC with VPC flow logs published in text log format to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket. Each log file is compressed with gzjp compression. The company must retain the log files indefinitely.

A security engineer occasionally analyzes the togs by using Amazon Athena to query the VPC flow logs. The query performance is degrading over time as the number of ingested togs is growing. A solutions architect: must improve the performance of the tog analysis and reduce the storage space that the VPC flow logs use.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LARGEST performance improvement?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS Lambda function to decompress the gzip flies and to compress the tiles with bzip2 compression. Subscribe the Lambda function to an s3: ObiectCrealed;Put S3 event notification for the S3 bucket.

B.

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration for the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Lifecycle configuration to move files to the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class as soon as the ties are uploaded

C.

Update the VPC flow log configuration to store the files in Apache Parquet format. Specify Hourly partitions for the log files.

D.

Create a new Athena workgroup without data usage control limits. Use Athena engine version 2.

Question 59

A company operates a fleet of servers on premises and operates a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in its organization in AWS Organizations. The company's AWS accounts contain hundreds of VPCs. The company wants to connect its AWS accounts to its on-premises network. AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections are already established to a single AWS account. The company wants to control which VPCs can communicate with other VPCs.

Which combination of steps will achieve this level of control with the LEAST operational effort? (Choose three.)

Options:

A.

Create a transit gateway in an AWS account. Share the transit gateway across accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM).

B.

Configure attachments to all VPCs and VPNs.

C.

Set up transit gateway route tables. Associate the VPCs and VPNs with the route tables.

D.

Configure VPC peering between the VPCs.

E.

Configure attachments between the VPCs and VPNs.

F.

Set up route tables on the VPCs and VPNs.

Question 60

A company is currently in the design phase of an application that will need an RPO of less than 5 minutes and an RTO of less than 10 minutes. The solutions architecture team is forecasting that the database will store approximately 10 TB of data. As part of the design, they are looking for a database solution that will provide the company with the ability to fail over to a secondary Region.

Which solution will meet these business requirements at the LOWEST cost?

Options:

A.

Deploy an Amazon Aurora DB cluster and take snapshots of the cluster every 5 minutes. Once a snapshot is complete, copy the snapshot to a secondary Region to serve as a backup in the event of a failure.

B.

Deploy an Amazon RDS instance with a cross-Region read replica in a secondary Region. In the event of a failure, promote the read replica to become the primary.

C.

Deploy an Amazon Aurora DB cluster in the primary Region and another in a secondary Region. Use AWS DMS to keep the secondary Region in sync.

D.

Deploy an Amazon RDS instance with a read replica in the same Region. In the event of a failure, promote the read replica to become the primary.

Question 61

An online survey company runs its application in the AWS Cloud. The application is distributed and consists of microservices that run in an automatically scaled Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The ECS cluster is a target for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is a custom origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution.

The company has a survey that contains sensitive data. The sensitive data must be encrypted when it moves through the application. The application's data-handling microservice is the only microservice that should be able to decrypt the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a symmetric AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a field-level encryption profile and a configuration. Associate the KMS key and the configuration with the CloudFront cache behavior.

B.

Create an RSA key pair that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Upload the public key to the CloudFront distribution. Create a field-level encryption profile and a configuration. Add the configuration to the CloudFront cache behavior.

C.

Create a symmetric AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a Lambda@Edge function. Program the function to use the KMS key to encrypt the sensitive data.

D.

Create an RSA key pair that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a Lambda@Edge function. Program the function to use the private key of the RSA key pair to encrypt the sensitive data.

Question 62

A company has an application that uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster for the application's database. The DB cluster contains one small primary instance and three larger replica instances. The application runs on an AWS Lambda function. The application makes many short-lived connections to the database's replica instances to perform read-only operations.

During periods of high traffic, the application becomes unreliable and the database reports that too many connections are being established. The frequency of high-traffic periods is unpredictable.

Which solution will improve the reliability of the application?

Options:

A.

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the DB cluster. Configure a read-only endpoint for the proxy. Update the Lambda function to connect to the proxyendpoint.

B.

Increase the max_connections setting on the DB cluster's parameter group. Reboot all the instances in the DB cluster. Update the Lambda function to connect to the DB cluster endpoint.

C.

Configure instance scaling for the DB cluster to occur when the DatabaseConnections metric is close to the max _ connections setting. Update the Lambda function to connect to the Aurora reader endpoint.

D.

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the DB cluster. Configure a read-only endpoint for the Aurora Data API on the proxy. Update the Lambda function to connect to the proxy endpoint.

Question 63

An online gaming company needs to optimize the cost of its workloads on AWS. The company uses a dedicated account to host the production environment for its online gaming application and an analytics application.

Amazon EC2 instances host the gaming application and must always be vailable. The EC2 instances run all year. The analytics application uses data that is stored in Amazon S3. The analytics application can be interrupted and resumed without issue.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances. Use On-Demand Instances for the analytics application.

B.

Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances. Use Spot Instances for the analytics application.

C.

Use Spot Instances for the online gaming application and the analytics application. Set up a catalog in AWS Service Catalog to provision services at a discount.

D.

Use On-Demand Instances for the online gaming application. Use Spot Instances for the analytics application. Set up a catalog in AWS Service Catalog to provision services at a discount.

Question 64

A company hosts an application on AWS. The application reads and writes objects that are stored in a single Amazon S3 bucket. The company must modify the application to deploy the application in two AWS Regions.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the S3 bucket as an origin. Deploy the application to a second Region Modify the application to use the CloudFront distribution. Use AWS Global Accelerator to access the data in the S3 bucket.

B.

Create a new S3 bucket in a second Region. Set up bidirectional S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) between the original S3 bucket and the new S3 bucket. Configure an S3 Multi-Region Access Point that uses both S3 buckets. Deploy a modified application to both Regions.

C.

Create a new S3 bucket in a second Region Deploy the application in the second Region. Configure the application to use the new S3 bucket. Set up S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the original S3 bucket to the new S3 bucket.

D.

Set up an S3 gateway endpoint with the S3 bucket as an origin. Deploy the application to a second Region. Modify the application to use the new S3 gateway endpoint. Use S3 Intelligent-Tiering on the S3 bucket.

Question 65

A solutions architect has implemented a SAML 2 0 federated identity solution with their company's on-premises identity provider (IdP) to authenticate users' access to the AWS environment. When the solutions architect tests authentication through the federated identity web portal, access to the AWS environment is granted However when test users attempt to authenticate through the federated identity web portal, they are not able to access the AWS environment

Which items should the solutions architect check to ensure identity federation isproperly configured? (Select THREE)

Options:

A.

The 1AM user's permissions policy has allowed the use of SAML federation for that user

B.

The 1AM roles created for the federated users' or federated groups' trust policy have set the SAML provider as the principal

C.

Test users are not in the AWSFederatedUsers group in the company's IdP

D.

The web portal calls the AWS STS AssumeRoleWithSAML API with the ARN of the SAML provider, the ARN of the 1AM role, and the SAML assertion from IdP

E.

The on-premises IdP's DNS hostname is reachable from the AWS environment VPCs

F.

The company's IdP defines SAML assertions that properly map users or groups in the company to 1AM roles with appropriate permissions

Question 66

A company completed a successful Amazon Workspaces proof of concept. They now want to make Workspaceshighly available across two AWS Regions. Workspaces are deployed in the failover Region. A hosted zone is available in Amazon Route 53.

What should the solutions architect do?

Options:

A.

Create a connection alias in the primary Region and in the failover Region. Associate each with a directory in its Region. Create a Route 53 failover routing policy with Evaluate Target Health = Yes.

B.

Create a connection alias in both Regions. Associate both with a directory in the primary Region. Use a Route 53 multivalue answer routing policy.

C.

Create a connection alias in the primary Region. Associate with the directory in the primary Region. Use Route 53 weighted routing.

D.

Create a connection alias in the primary Region. Associate it with the directory in the failover Region. Use Route 53 failover routing with Evaluate Target Health = Yes.

Question 67

A company is planning a one-time migration of an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL in the us-east-1 Region. The company's current internet connection has limited bandwidth. The on-premises MySQL database is 60 TB in size The company estimates that it will take a month to transfer the data to AWS over the current internet connection.

The company needs a migration solution that will migrate the database more quickly

Which solution will migrate the database in the LEAST amount of time?

Options:

A.

Request a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the on-premises MySQL database to Aurora MySQL.

B.

Use AWS DataSync with the current internet connection to accelerate the data transfer between the on-premises data center and AWS Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the on-premises MySQL database to Aurora MySQL.

C.

Order an AWS Snowball Edge Device Load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket by using the S3 interface Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data from Amazon S3 to Aurora MySQL

D.

Order an AWS Snowball Device Load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket by usingthe S3 Adapter for Snowball Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the data from Amazon S3 to Aurora MySQL.

Question 68

A company has a website that runs on four Amazon EC2 instances that are behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). When the ALB detects that an EC2 instance is no longer available, an Amazon CloudWatch alarm enters the ALARM state. A member of the company's operations team then manually adds a new EC2 instance behind the ALB.

A solutions architect needs to design a highly available solution that automatically handles the replacement of EC2 instances. The company needs to minimize downtime during the switch to the new solution.

Which set of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Delete the existing ALB. Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Create a new ALB. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the new ALB. Attach the existing EC2 instances to the Auto Scaling group.

B.

Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the existing ALB. Attach the existing EC2 instances to the Auto Scaling group.

C.

Delete the existing ALB and the EC2 instances. Create an Auto Scaling group that is configuredto handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Create a new ALB. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the new ALB. Wait for the Auto Scaling group to launch the minimum number of EC2 instances.

D.

Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the existing ALB. Wait for the existing ALB to register the existing EC2 instances with the Auto Scaling group.

Question 69

A company manages hundreds of AWS accounts centrally in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company recently started to allow product teams to create and manage their own S3 access points in their accounts. The S3 access points can be accessed only within VPCs not on the internet.

What is the MOST operationally efficient way to enforce this requirement?

Options:

A.

Set the S3 access point resource policy to deny the s3 CreateAccessPoint action unless the s3: AccessPointNetworkOngm condition key evaluates to VPC.

B.

Create an SCP at the root level in the organization to deny the s3 CreateAccessPoint action unless the s3 AccessPomtNetworkOngin condition key evaluates to VPC.

C.

Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to create a new 1AM policy in each AVVS account that allows the s3: CreateAccessPoint action only if the s3 AccessPointNetworkOrigin condition key evaluates to VPC.

D.

Set the S3 bucket policy to deny the s3: CreateAccessPoint action unless the s3AccessPointNetworkOrigin condition key evaluates to VPC.

Question 70

Question:

A company mandates that all internal AWS communications useprivate IPs. A solutions architect createdinterface VPC endpointsfor public AWS services like S3. However, service names are still resolving topublic IP addresses, and the internal apps cannot connect.

What should the architect do to resolve this issue?

Options:

A.

Update the subnet route table with a route to the interface endpoint.

B.

Enable the private DNS option on the VPC attributes.

C.

Configure the security group on the interface endpoint to allow access.

D.

Configure a private hosted zone with conditional forwarding.

Question 71

Question:

How can applications in multiple AWS accounts privately access aPostgreSQL RDS instancein a separate AWS account, while managing the number of connections?

Options:

A.

Transit Gateway + NAT Gateway

B.

RDS Proxy + PrivateLink via NLB

C.

VPC Peering + Application Load Balancer

D.

VPC Peering + NAT Gateway

Question 72

Question:

A company is running a large containerized workload in the AWS Cloud using Amazon ECS. The development team recently started usingAWS Fargateinstead of EC2 in the ECS cluster. The company is worried about reaching themaximum number of ECS tasksallowed in the account.

A solutions architect must implement a solution that notifies the development team when Fargate usage reaches80% of the quota.

What should the architect do?

Options:

A.

Use CloudWatch to monitor the Sample Count for each service. Alert when usage exceeds 80%.

B.

Use CloudWatch to monitor ECS service quotas under the AWS/Usage namespace. Create an alarm when utilization exceeds 80%. Notify via SNS.

C.

Use a Lambda function to poll Fargate metrics. Notify via SES when usage exceeds 80%.

D.

Use AWS Config to monitor Fargate quotas. Notify via SES if non-compliant.

Question 73

A company's solutions architect needs to provide secure Remote Desktop connectivity to users for Amazon EC2 Windows instances that are hosted in a VPC. The solution must integrate centralized user management with the company's on-premises Active Directory. Connectivity to the VPC is through the internet. The company has hardware that can be used to establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory.Deploy an EC2 instance as a bastion host in the VPC. Ensure that the EC2 instance is joined to the domain. Use the bastion host to access the target instances through RDP.

B.

Configure AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to integrate with the on-premises Active Directory by using the AWS Directory Service for MicrosoftActive Directory AD Connector. Configure permission sets against user groups for access to AWS Systems Manager. Use Systems Manager Fleet Manager toaccess the target instances through RDP.

C.

Implement a VPN between the on-premises environment and the target VPC. Ensure that the target instances are joined to the on-premises Active Directory domain over the VPN connection. Configure RDP access through the VPN. Connect from the company's network to the target instances.

D.

Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory.Deploy a Remote Desktop Gateway on AWS by using an AWS Quick Start. Ensure that the Remote Desktop Gateway is joined to the domain. Use the Remote Desktop Gateway to access the target instances through RDP.

Question 74

A company needs to use an AWS Transfer Family SFTP-enabled server with an Amazon S3 bucket to receive updates from a third-party data supplier. The data is encrypted with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption The company needs a solution that will automatically decrypt the data after the company receives the data

A solutions architect will use a Transfer Family managed workflow The company has created an 1AM service role by using an 1AM policy that allows access to AWS Secrets Manager and the S3 bucket The role's trust relationship allows the transfer amazonaws com service to assume the rote

What should the solutions architect do next to complete the solution for automatic decryption'?

Options:

A.

Store the PGP public key in Secrets Manager Add a nominal step in the Transfer Family managed workflow to decrypt files Configure PGP encryption parameters in the nominal step Associate the workflow with the Transfer Family server

B.

Store the PGP private key in Secrets Manager Add an exception-handling step in the Transfer Family managed workflow to decrypt files Configure PGP encryption parameters in the exception handler Associate the workflow with the SFTP user

C.

Store the PGP private key in Secrets Manager Add a nominal step in the Transfer Family managed workflow to decrypt files. Configure PGP decryption parameters in the nominal step Associate the workflow with the Transfer Family server

D.

Store the PGP public key in Secrets Manager Add an exception-handling step in the TransferFamily managed workflow to decrypt files Configure PGP decryption parameters in the exception handler Associate the workflow with the SFTP user

Question 75

A large education company recently introduced Amazon Workspaces to provide access to internal applications across multiple universities. The company is storing user profiles on an Amazon FSx (or Windows File Server file system. The tile system is configured with a DNS alias and is connected to a self-managed Active Directory. As more users begin to use the Workspaces, login time increases to unacceptable levels.

An investigation reveals a degradation in performance of the file system. The company created the file system on HDD storage with a throughput of 16 MBps. A solutions architect must improve the performance of the file system during a defined maintenance window.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative effort?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Backup to create a point-ln-lime backup of the file system. Restore the backup to a new FSx for Windows File Server file system. Select SSD as the storage type Select 32 MBps as the throughput capacity. When the backup and restore process Is completed, adjust the DNS alias accordingly. Delete the original file system.

B.

Disconnect users from the file system. In the Amazon FSx console, update the throughput capacity to 32 MBps. Update the storage type to SSD. Reconnect users to the file system.

C.

Deploy an AWS DataSync agent onto a new Amazon EC2 Instance. Create a task. Configure the existing file system as the source location. Configure a new FSx for Windows File Server file system with SSD storage and 32 MBps of throughput as the target location. Schedule the task. When the task is completed, adjust the DNS alias accordingly. Delete the original file system.

D.

Enable shadow copies on the existing file system by using a Windows PowerShell command. Schedule the shadow copy job to create a point-in-time backup of the file system. Choose to restore previous versions. Create a new FSx for Windows File Server file system with SSD storage and 32 MBps of throughput. When the copy job is completed, adjust the DNS alias. Delete the original file system.

Question 76

A company is using AWS CodePipeline for the CI/CD of an application to an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. All AWS resources are defined in AWS

CloudFormation templates. The application artifacts are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket and deployed to the Auto Scaling group using instance user data scripts.

As the application has become more complex, recent resource changes in the CloudFormation templates have caused unplanned downtime.

How should a solutions architect improve the CI/CD pipeline to reduce the likelihood that changes in the templates will cause downtime?

Options:

A.

Adapt the deployment scripts to detect and report CloudFormation error conditions when performing deployments. Write test plans for a testing team to execute in a non-production environment before approving the change for production.

B.

Implement automated testing using AWS CodeBuild in a test environment. Use CloudFormation change sets to evaluate changes before deployment. Use AWS CodeDeploy to leverage blue/green deployment patterns to allow evaluations and the ability to revert changes, if needed.

C.

Use plugins for the integrated development environment (IDE) to check the templates for errors, and use the AWS CLI to validate that the templates are correct. Adapt the deployment code to check for error conditions and generate notifications on errors. Deploy to a test environment and execute a manual test plan before approving the change for production.

D.

Use AWS CodeDeploy and a blue/green deployment pattern with CloudFormation to replace the user data deployment scripts. Have the operators log in to running instances and go through a manual test plan to verify the application is running as expected.

Question 77

A company runs a web application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. End users experience slow application performance during times of peak usage, when CPU utilization is consistently more than 95%.

A user data script installs required custom packages on the EC2 instance. The process of launchingthe instance takes several minutes.

The company is creating an Auto Scaling group that has mixed instance groups, varied CPUs, and a maximum capacity limit. The Auto Scaling group will use a launch template for various configuration options. The company needs to decrease application latency when new instances are launched during auto scaling.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use a predictive scaling policy. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

B.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

C.

Use a predictive scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script.

D.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script.

Question 78

A large company is migrating ils entire IT portfolio to AWS. Each business unit in the company has a standalone AWS account that supports both development and test environments. New accounts to support production workloads will be needed soon.

The finance department requires a centralized method for payment but must maintain visibility into each group's spending to allocate costs.

The security team requires a centralized mechanism to control 1AM usage in all the company's accounts.

What combination of the following options meet the company's needs with the LEAST effort? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Use a collection of parameterized AWS CloudFormation templates defining common 1AM permissions that are launched into each account. Require all new and existing accounts to launch the appropriate stacks to enforce the least privilege model.

B.

Use AWS Organizations to create a new organization from a chosen payer account and define an organizational unit hierarchy. Invite the existing accounts to join the organization and create new accounts using Organizations.

C.

Require each business unit to use its own AWS accounts. Tag each AWS account appropriately and enable Cost Explorer to administer chargebacks.

D.

Enable all features of AWS Organizations and establish appropriate service control policies that filter 1AM permissions for sub-accounts.

E.

Consolidate all of the company's AWS accounts into a single AWS account. Use tags for billing purposes and the lAM's Access Advisor feature to enforce the least privilege model.

Question 79

A company runs an application on Amazon EC2 and AWS Lambda. The application stores temporary data in Amazon 53. The 53 objects are deleted after 24 hours.

The company deploys new versions of the application by launching AWS CloudFormation stacks. The stacks create the required resources. After validating a new version, the company deletes the old stack. The deletion of an old development stack recently failed. A solutions architect needs to resolve this Issue without major architecture changes.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a Lambda function to delete objects from an 53 bucket. Add the Lambda function as acustom resource in the CloudFormation stack with a DependsOn attribute that points to the S3 bucket resource.

B.

Modify the CkxidFormatton stack to attach a DeletionPolicy attribute with a value of Delete to the S3 bucket.

C.

Update the CloudFormation stack to add a DeletionPolicy attribute with a value of Snapshot for the S3 bucket resource.

D.

Update the CloudFormation template to create an Amazon EFS file system to store temporary files Instead of Amazon S3. Configure the Lambda functions to run in the same VPC as the EFS file system.

Question 80

A company has a complex web application that leverages Amazon CloudFront for global scalability and performance Over time, users report that the web application is slowing down

The company's operations team reports that the CloudFront cache hit ratio has been dropping steadily. The cache metrics report indicates that query strings on some URLs are inconsistently ordered and are specified sometimes in mixed-case letters and sometimes in lowercase letters.

Which set of actions should the solutions architect take to increase the cache hit ratio as quickly as possible?

Options:

A.

Deploy a Lambda@Edge function to sort parameters by name and force them lo be lowercase Select the CloudFront viewer request trigger to invoke the function

B.

Update the CloudFront distribution to disable caching based on query string parameters.

C.

Deploy a reverse proxy after the load balancer to post-process the emitted URLs in the application to force the URL strings to be lowercase.

D.

Update the CloudFront distribution to specify casing-insensitive query string processing.

Question 81

A company is developing a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind a public-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). Only users from a specific country are allowed to access the application. The company needs the ability to log the access requests that have been blocked. The solution should require the least possible maintenance.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an IPSet containing a list of IP ranges that belong to the specified country. Create an AWS WAF web ACL. Configure a rule to block any requests that do not originate from an IP range in theIPSet. Associate the rule with the web ACL. Associate the web ACL with the ALB.

B.

Create an AWS WAF web ACL. Configure a rule to block any requests that do not originate from the specified country. Associate the rule with the web ACL. Associate the web ACL with the ALB.

C.

Configure AWS Shield to block any requests that do not originate from the specified country. Associate AWS Shield with the ALB.

D.

Create a security group rule that allows ports 80 and 443 from IP ranges that belong to the specified country. Associate the security group with the ALB.

Question 82

A company is deploying a new API to AWS. The API uses Amazon API Gateway with a Regional API endpoint and an AWS Lambda function for hosting. The API retrieves data from an external vendor API, stores data in an Amazon DynamoDB global table, and retrieves data from the DynamoDB global table. The API key for the vendor's API is stored in AWS Secrets Manager and is encrypted with a customer managed key in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). The company has deployed its own API into a single AWS Region.

A solutions architect needs to change the API components of the company's API to ensure that the components can run across multiple Regions in an active-active configuration.

Which combination of changes will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose three.)

Options:

A.

Deploy the API to multiple Regions. Configure Amazon Route 53 with custom domain names that route traffic to each Regional API endpoint. Implement a Route 53 multivalue answer routing policy.

B.

Create a new KMS multi-Region customer managed key. Create a new KMS customer managed replica key in each in-scope Region.

C.

Replicate the existing Secrets Manager secret to other Regions. For each in-scope Region's replicated secret, select the appropriate KMS key.

D.

Create a new AWS managed KMS key in each in-scope Region. Convert an existing key to a multi-Region key. Use the multi-Region key in other Regions.

E.

Create a new Secrets Manager secret in each in-scope Region. Copy the secret value from the existing Region to the new secret in each in-scope Region.

F.

Modify the deployment process for the Lambda function to repeat the deployment across in-scope Regions. Turn on the multi-Region option for the existing API. Select the Lambda function that is deployed in each Region as the backend for the multi-Region API.

Question 83

A company is deploying a distributed in-memory database on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The fleet consists of a primary node and eight worker nodes. The primary node is responsible for monitoring cluster health, accepting user requests, distributing user requests to worker nodes, and sending an aggregate response back to a client. Worker nodes communicate with each other to replicate data partitions.

The company requires the lowest possible networking latency to achieve maximum performance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Launch memory optimized EC2 instances in a partition placement group.

B.

Launch compute optimized EC2 instances in a partition placement group.

C.

Launch memory optimized EC2 instances in a cluster placement group

D.

Launch compute optimized EC2 instances in a spread placement group.

Question 84

A data analytics company has an Amazon Redshift cluster that consists of several reserved nodes. The cluster is experiencing unexpected bursts of usage because a team of employees is compiling a deep audit analysis report. The queries to generate the report are complex read queries and are CPU intensive.

Business requirements dictate that the cluster must be able to service read and write queries at all times. A solutions architect must devise a solution that accommodates the bursts of usage.

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Provision an Amazon EMR cluster. Offload the complex data processing tasks.

B.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using a classic resize operation when the cluster's CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.

C.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using an elastic resize operation when the cluster's CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.

D.

Turn on the Concurrency Scaling feature for the Amazon Redshift cluster.

Question 85

A global ecommerce company has many data centers around the world. With the growth of its stored data, the company needs to set up a solution to provide scalable storage for legacy on-premises file applications. The company must be able to take point-in-time copies of volumes by using AWS Backup and must retain low-latency access to frequently accessed data. The company also needs to have storage volumes that can be mounted as Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) devices from the company's on-premises application servers.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway tape gateway. Configure the tape gateway to store data in anAmazon S3 bucket. Deploy AWS Backup to take point-in-time copies of the volumes.

B.

Provision an Amazon FSx File Gateway and an Amazon S3 File Gateway. Deploy AWS Backup to take point-in-time copies of the data.

C.

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway in cache mode. Back up the on-premises Storage Gateway volumes with AWS Backup.

D.

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway in cache mode. Deploy AWS Backup to take point-in-time copies of the volumes.

Question 86

A company has Linux-based Amazon EC2 instances. Users must access the instances by using SSH with EC2 SSH Key pairs. Each machine requires a unique EC2 Key pair.

The company wants to implement a key rotation policy that will, upon request, automatically rotate all the EC2 key pairs and keep the key in a securely encrypted place. The company will accept less than 1 minute of downtime during key rotation.

Which solution will meet these requirement?

Options:

A.

Store all the keys in AWS Secrets Manager. Define a Secrets Manager rotation schedule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public Keys on EC2 instances. Update the private keys in Secrets Manager.

B.

Store all the keys in Parameter. Store, a capability of AWS Systems Manager, as a string. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public keys on EC2 instance. Update the private keys in parameter.

C.

Import the EC2 key pairs into AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Configure automatic key rotation for these key pairs. Create an Amazon EventlBridge scheduled rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to initiate the key rotation AWS KMS.

D.

Add all the EC2 instances to Feet Manager, a capability of AWS Systems Manager. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to issue a Systems Manager Run Command document to generate new Key pairs and to rotate public keys to all the instances in Feet Manager.

Question 87

A company is planning to migrate an on-premises data center to AWS. The company currently hosts the data center on Linux-based VMware VMs. A solutions architect must collect information about network dependencies between the VMs. The information must be in the form of a diagram that details host IP addresses, hostnames, and network connection information.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Application Discovery Service. Select an AWS Migration Hub home AWS Region. Install the AWS Application Discovery Agent on the on-premises servers for data collection. Grant permissions to Application Discovery Service to use the Migration Hub network diagrams.

B.

Use the AWS Application Discovery Service Agentless Collector for server data collection. Export the network diagrams from the AWS Migration Hub in .png format.

C.

Install the AWS Application Migration Service agent on the on-premises servers for data collection. Use AWS Migration Hub data in Workload Discovery on AWS to generate network diagrams.

D.

Install the AWS Application Migration Service agent on the on-premises servers for data collection. Export data from AWS Migration Hub in .csv format into an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to generate network diagrams.

Question 88

A company is migrating an application to AWS. It wants to use fully managed services as much as possible during the migration The company needs to store large, important documents within the application with the following requirements

1 The data must be highly durable and available

2. The data must always be encrypted at rest and in transit.

3 The encryption key must be managed by the company and rotated periodically

Which of the following solutions should the solutions architect recommend?

Options:

A.

Deploy the storage gateway to AWS in file gateway mode Use Amazon EBS volume encryption using an AWS KMS key to encrypt the storage gateway volumes

B.

Use Amazon S3 with a bucket policy to enforce HTTPS for connections to the bucket and to enforce server-side encryption and AWS KMS for object encryption.

C.

Use Amazon DynamoDB with SSL to connect to DynamoDB Use an AWS KMS key to encrypt DynamoDB objects at rest.

D.

Deploy instances with Amazon EBS volumes attached to store this data Use EBS volume encryption using an AWS KMS key to encrypt the data.

Question 89

A company hosts a software as a service (SaaS) solution on AWS. The solution has an Amazon API Gateway API that serves an HTTPS endpoint. The API uses AWS Lambda functions for compute. The Lambda functions store data in an Amazon Aurora Serverless VI database.

The company used the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) to deploy the solution. The solution extends across multiple Availability Zones and has nodisaster recovery (DR) plan.

A solutions architect must design a DR strategy that can recover the solution in another AWS Region. The solution has an R TO of 5 minutes and an RPO of 1 minute.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a read replica of the Aurora Serverless VI database in the target Region. Use AWS SAM to create a runbook to deploy the solution to the target Region. Promote the read replica to primary in case of disaster.

B.

Change the Aurora Serverless VI database to a standard Aurora MySQL global database that extends across the source Region and the target Region. Use AWS SAM to create a runbook to deploy the solution to the target Region.

C.

Create an Aurora Serverless VI DB cluster that has multiple writer instances in the target Region. Launch the solution in the target Region. Configure the two Regional solutions to work in an active-passive configuration.

D.

Change the Aurora Serverless VI database to a standard Aurora MySQL global database that extends across the source Region and the target Region. Launch the solution in the target Region. Configure the two Regional solutions to work in an active-passive configuration.

Question 90

A company has used infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision a set of two Amazon EC2 instances. The instances have remained the same for several years.

The company's business has grown rapidly in the past few months. In response the company's operations team has implemented an Auto Scaling group to manage the sudden increases in traffic. Company policy requires a monthly installation of security updates on all operating systems that are running.

The most recent security update required a reboot. As a result, the Auto Scaling group terminated the instances and replaced them with new, unpatched instances.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect recommend to avoid a recurrence of this issue? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Modify the Auto Scaling group by setting the Update policy to target the oldest launch configuration for replacement.

B.

Create a new Auto Scaling group before the next patch maintenance. During the maintenance window, patch both groups and reboot the instances.

C.

Create an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure monitoring to ensure that target group health checks return healthy after the Auto Scaling group replaces the terminated instances.

D.

Create automation scripts to patch an AMI, update the launch configuration, and invoke an Auto Scaling instance refresh.

E.

Create an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure termination protection on the instances.

Question 91

During an audit, a security team discovered that a development team was putting IAM user secret access keys in their code and then committing it to an AWS CodeCommit repository. The security team wants to automatically find and remediate instances of this security vulnerability.

Which solution will ensure that the credentials are appropriately secured automatically7

Options:

A.

Run a script nightly using AWS Systems Manager Run Command to search tor credentials on the development instances. If found. use AWS Secrets Manager to rotate the credentials.

B.

Use a scheduled AWS Lambda function to download and scan the application code from CodeCommit. If credentials are found, generate new credentials and store them in AWS KMS.

C.

Configure Amazon Made to scan for credentials in CodeCommit repositories. If credentials are found, trigger an AWS Lambda function to disable the credentials and notify the user.

D.

Configure a CodeCommit trigger to invoke an AWS Lambda function to scan new code submissions for credentials. It credentials are found, disable them in AWS IAM and notify the user

Question 92

A company’s solutions architect is evaluating an AWS workload that was deployed several years ago. The application tier is stateless and runs on a single large Amazon EC2 instance that was launched from an AMI. The application stores data in a MySOL database that runs on a single EC2 instance.

The CPU utilization on the application server EC2 instance often reaches 100% and causes the application to stop responding. The company manually installs patches on the instances. Patching has caused

downtime in the past. The company needs to make the application highly available.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development time?

Options:

A.

Move the application tier to AWS Lambda functions in the existing VPC. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across theLambda functbns. Use Amazon GuardDuty to scan the Lambda functions. Migrate the database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility).

B.

Change the EC2 instance type to a smaller Graviton powered instance type. use the existing AMI to create a launch template for an Auto Scaling group. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the instances in the Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB.

C.

Move the application tier to containers by using Docker. Run the containers on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with EC2 instances. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the ECS cluster Configure the ECS cluster to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon Neptune.

D.

Create a new AMI that is configured with AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent). Use the new AMI to create a launch template for an Auto Scaling group. Use smaller instances in the Auto Scaling group. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the instances in the Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL.

Question 93

Question:

A company is migrating a monolithic on-premises .NET Framework production application to AWS. Application demand will grow exponentially in the next 6 months. The company must ensure that the application can scale appropriately.

The application currently connects to a Microsoft SQL Server transactional database. The company has well-documented source code for the application. Some business logic is contained within stored procedures.

A solutions architect must recommend a solution to redesign the application to meet the growth in demand.

Which solution will meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Use Amazon API Gateway APIs and Amazon EC2 Spot Instances to rehost the application with a scalable microservices architecture. Deploy the EC2 instances in a cluster placement group. Configure EC2 Auto Scaling. Store the data and stored procedures in Amazon RDS for SQL Server.

B.

Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the application to AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Deploy Elastic Beanstalk packages to configure and deploy the application as microservices. Deploy Elastic Beanstalk across multiple Availability Zones and configure auto scaling. Store the data and stored procedures in Amazon RDS for MySQL.

C.

Migrate the applications by using AWS App2Container. Use AWS Fargate in multiple AWS Regions to host the containers. Use Amazon API Gateway APIs and AWS Lambda functions to call the containers. Store the data and stored procedures in Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX).

D.

Use Amazon API Gateway APIs and AWS Lambda functions to decouple the application into microservices. Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to review and modify the stored procedures. Store the data in Amazon Aurora Serverless v2.

Question 94

A company has many AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The accounts contain many Amazon EC2 instances that run different types of workloads. The workloads have different usage patterns.

The company needs recommendations for how to rightsize the EC2 instances based on CPU and memory usage during the last 90 days.

Which combination of steps will provide these recommendations? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Opt in to AWS Compute Optimizer and enable trusted access for Compute Optimizer for the organization.

B.

Configure a delegated administrator account for AWS Systems Manager for the organization.

C.

Use an AWS CloudFormation stack set to enable detailed monitoring for all the EC2 instances.

D.

Install and configure the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances to send memory utilization metrics to CloudWatch.

E.

Activate enhanced metrics in AWS Compute Optimizer.

F.

Configure AWS Systems Manager to pass metrics to AWS Trusted Advisor.

Question 95

A company is migrating internal business applications to Amazon EC2 and Amazon RDS in a VPC. The migration requires connecting the cloud-based applications to the on-premises internal network. The company wants to set up an AWS 5ite-to-5ite VPN connection. The company has created two separate customer gateways. The gateways are configured for static routing and have been assigned distinct public IP addresses.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create one virtual private gateway. Associate the virtual private gateway with the VPC. Enable route propagation for the virtual private gateway in all VPC route tables. Create two Site-to-Slte VPN connections with two tunnels for each connection. Configure the Site-to-Slte VPN connections to use the virtual private gateway and to use separate customer gateways.

B.

Create one customer gateway. Associate the customer gateway with the VPC. Enable route propagation for the customer gateway in all VPC route tables. Create two Site-to-Site VPN connections with two tunnels for each connection. Configure the Site-to-Site VPN connections to use the customer gateway.

C.

Create two virtual private gateways. Associate the virtual private gateways with the VPC. Enable route propagation for both customer gateways in all VPC route tables. Create two Site-to-Site VPN connections with two tunnels for each connection. Configure the Site-to-Site VPN connections to use separate virtual private gateways and separate customer gateways.

D.

Create two virtual private gateways. Associate the virtual private gateways with the VPC. Enable route propagation for both customer gateways in all VPC route tables. Create four Site-to-Site VPN connections with one tunnel for each connection. Configure the Site-to-Site VPN connections into groups of two. Configure each group to connect to separate customer gateways and separate virtual private gateways.

Question 96

An external audit of a company's serverless application reveals IAM policies that grant too many permissions. These policies are attached to the company's AWS Lambda execution roles. Hundreds of the company's Lambda functions have broad access permissions, such as full access to Amazon S3 buckets and Amazon DynamoDB tables. The company wants each function to have only the minimum permissions that the function needs to complete its task.

A solutions architect must determine which permissions each Lambda function needs.

What should the solutions architect do to meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of effort?

Options:

A.

Set up Amazon CodeGuru to profile the Lambda functions and search for AWS API calls. Create an inventory of the required API calls and resources for each Lambda function. Create new IAM access policies for each Lambda function. Review the new policies to ensure that they meet the company's business requirements.

B.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail logging for the AWS account. Use AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to generate IAM access policies based on the activity recorded in the CloudTrail log. Review the generated policies to ensure that they meet the company's business requirements.

C.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail logging for the AWS account. Create a script to parse the CloudTrail log, search for AWS API calls by Lambda execution role, and create a summary report. Review the report. Create IAM access policies that provide more restrictive permissions for each Lambda function.

D.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail logging for the AWS account. Export the CloudTrail logs to Amazon S3. Use Amazon EMR to process the CloudTrail logs in Amazon S3 and produce a report of API calls and resources used by each execution role. Create a new IAM access policy for each role. Export the generated roles to an S3 bucket. Review the generated policies to ensure that they meet the company's business requirements.

Question 97

A company runs its sales reporting application in an AWS Region in the United States. The application uses an Amazon API Gateway Regional API and AWS Lambda functions to generate on-demand reports from data in an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The frontend of the application is hosted on Amazon S3 and is accessed by users through an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The company is using Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service for the domain. Route 53 is configured with a simple routing policy to route traffic to the API Gateway API.

In the next 6 months, the company plans to expand operations to Europe. More than 90% of the database traffic is read-only traffic. The company has already deployed an API Gateway API and Lambda functions in the new Region.

A solutions architect must design a solution that minimizes latency for users who download reports.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with full load to replicate the primary database in the original Region to the database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API.

B.

Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with full load plus change data capture (CDC) to replicate the primary database in the original Region to the database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to geolocation routing to connect to the API Gateway API.

C.

Configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API.

D.

Configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to geolocation routing to connect to the API

Question 98

A company wants to containerize a multi-tier web application and move the application from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application includes web. application, and database tiers. The company needs to make the application fault tolerant and scalable. Some frequently accessed data must always be available across application servers. Frontend web servers need session persistence and must scale to meet increases in traffic.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST ongoing operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Run the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for data that is frequently accessed between the web and application tiers. Store the frontend web server session data in Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SOS).

B.

Run the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on Amazon EC2. Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to cache frontend web server session data. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) with Multi-Attach on EC2 instances that are distributed across multiple Availability Zones.

C.

Run the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Configure Amazon EKS to use managed node groups. Use ReplicaSets to run the web servers and applications. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Me system. Mount the EFS file system across all EKS pods to store frontend web server session data.

D.

Deploy the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) Configure Amazon EKS to use managed node groups. Run the web servers and application as Kubernetes deployments in the EKS cluster. Store the frontend web server session data in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volume that all applications will mount at the time of deployment.

Question 99

A company built an application based on AWS Lambda deployed in an AWS CloudFormation stack. The last production release of the web application introduced an issue that resulted in an outage lasting several minutes. A solutions architect must adjust the deployment process to support a canary release.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an alias for every new deployed version of the Lambda function. Use the AWS CLI update-alias command with the routing-config parameter to distribute the load.

B.

Deploy the application into a new CloudFormation stack. Use an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy to distribute the load.

C.

Create a version for every new deployed Lambda function. Use the AWS CLI update-function-contiguration command with the routing-config parameter to distribute the load.

D.

Configure AWS CodeDeploy and use CodeDeployDefault.OneAtATime in the Deployment configuration to distribute the load.

Question 100

A company is running a containerized application in the AWS Cloud. The application is running by using Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on a set of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group.

The company uses Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) to store its container images. When a new image version is uploaded, the new image version receives a unique tag.

The company needs a solution that inspects new image versions for common vulnerabilities and exposures. The solution must automatically delete new image tags that have Critical or High severity findings. The solution also must notify the development team when such a deletion occurs.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure scan on push on the repository Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke an AWS Step Functions state machine when a scan is complete for images that have Critical or High severity findings. Use the Step Functions state machine to delete the image tag for those images and to notify the development team through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

B.

Configure scan on push on the repository Configure scan results to be pushed to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Invoke an AWS Lambda function when a new message is added to the SQS queue. Use the Lambda function to delete the image tag for images that have Critical or High seventy findings. Notify the development team by using Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES).

C.

Schedule an AWS Lambda function to start a manual image scan every hour. Configure Amazon EventBridge to invoke another Lambda function when a scan is complete. Use the second Lambda function to delete the image tag for images that have Critical or High severity findings. Notify the development team by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

D.

Configure periodic image scan on the repository. Configure scan results to be added lo an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Invoke an AWS Step Functions state machine when a new message is added to the SQS queue. Use the Step Functions state machine to delete the image tag for imagesthat have Critical or High severity findings. Notify the development team by using Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES).

Question 101

A solutions architect needs to define a reference architecture for a solution for three-tier applications with web. application, and NoSQL data layers. The reference architecture must meet the following requirements:

•High availability within an AWS Region

•Able to fail over in 1 minute to another AWS Region for disaster recovery

•Provide the most efficient solution while minimizing the impact on the user experience

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Use an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy set to 100/0 across the two selected Regions. Set Time to Live (TTL) to 1 hour.

B.

Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy for failover from the primary Region to the disaster recovery Region. Set Time to Live (TTL) to 30 seconds.

C.

Use a global table within Amazon DynamoDB so data can be accessed in the two selected Regions.

D.

Back up data from an Amazon DynamoDB table in the primary Region every 60 minutes and then write the data to Amazon S3. Use S3 Cross-Region replication to copy the data from the primary Region to the disaster recovery Region. Have a script import the data into DynamoDB in a disaster recovery scenario.

E.

Implement a hot standby model using Auto Scaling groups for the web and application layers across multiple Availability Zones in the Regions. Use zonal Reserved Instances for the minimum number of servers and On-Demand Instances for any additional resources.

F.

Use Auto Scaling groups for the web and application layers across multiple Availability Zones in the Regions. Use Spot Instances for the required resources.

Question 102

A company uses AWS Organizations with a single OU named Production to manage multiple accounts All accounts are members of the Production OU Administrators use deny list SCPs in the root of the organization to manage access to restricted services.

The company recently acquired a new business unit and invited the new unit's existing AWS account to the organization Once onboarded the administrators of the new business unit discovered that they are not able to update existing AWS Config rules to meet the company's policies.

Which option will allow administrators to make changes and continue to enforce the current policies without introducing additional long-term maintenance?

Options:

A.

Remove the organization's root SCPs that limit access to AWS Config Create AWS Service Catalog products for the company's standard AWS Config rules and deploy them throughout the organization, including the new account.

B.

Create a temporary OU named Onboarding for the new account Apply an SCP to the Onboarding OU to allow AWS Config actions Move the new account to the Production OU when adjustments to AWS Config are complete

C.

Convert the organization's root SCPs from deny list SCPs to allow list SCPs to allow the required services only Temporarily apply an SCP to the organization's root that allows AWS Config actions for principals only in the new account.

D.

Create a temporary OU named Onboarding for the new account Apply an SCP to the Onboarding OU to allow AWS Config actions. Move the organization's root SCP to the Production OU. Move the new account to the Production OU when adjustments to AWS Config are complete.

Question 103

A company has set up its entire infrastructure on AWS. The company uses Amazon EC2 instances to host its ecommerce website and uses Amazon S3 to store static data. Three engineers at the company handle the cloud administration and development through one AWS account. Occasionally, an engineer alters an EC2 security group configuration of another engineer and causes noncompliance issues in the environment.

A solutions architect must set up a system that tracks changes that the engineers make. The system must send alerts when the engineers make noncompliant changes to the security settings for the EC2 instances.

What is the FASTEST way for the solutions architect to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Set up AWS Organizations for the company. Apply SCPs to govern and track noncompliant security group changes that are made to the AWS account.

B.

Enable AWS CloudTrail to capture the changes to EC2 security groups. Enable Amazon CtoudWatch rules to provide alerts when noncompliant security settings are detected.

C.

Enable SCPs on the AWS account to provide alerts when noncompliant security group changes are made to the environment.

D.

Enable AWS Config on the EC2 security groups to track any noncompliant changes Send the changes as alerts through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Question 104

A company has five development teams that have each created five AWS accounts to develop and host applications. To track spending, the development teams log in to each account every month, record the current cost from the AWS Billing and Cost Management console, and provide the information to the company's finance team.

The company has strict compliance requirements and needs to ensure that resources are created only in AWS Regions in the United States. However, some resources have been created in other Regions.

A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that gives the finance team the ability to track and consolidate expenditures for all the accounts. The solution also must ensure that the company can create resources only in Regions in the United States.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Create a new account to serve as a management account. Create an Amazon S3 bucket for the finance learn Use AWS Cost and Usage Reports to create monthly reports and to store the data in the finance team's S3 bucket.

B.

Create a new account to serve as a management account. Deploy an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled. Invite all the existing accounts to the organization. Ensure that each account accepts the invitation.

C.

Create an OU that includes all the development teams. Create an SCP that allows the creation of resources only in Regions that are in the United States. Apply the SCP to the OU.

D.

Create an OU that includes all the development teams. Create an SCP that denies (he creation of resources in Regions that are outside the United States. Apply the SCP to the OU.

E.

Create an 1AM role in the management account Attach a policy that includes permissions to view the Billing and Cost Management console. Allow the finance learn users to assume the role. Use AWS Cost Explorer and the Billing and Cost Management console to analyze cost.

F.

Create an 1AM role in each AWS account. Attach a policy that includes permissions to view the Billing and Cost Management console. Allow the finance team users to assume the role.

Question 105

A company consists of two separate business units. Each business unit has its own AWS account within a single organization in AWS Organizations. The business units regularly share sensitive documents with each other. To facilitate sharing, the company created an Amazon S3 bucket in each account and configured two-way replication between the S3 buckets. The S3 buckets have millions of objects.

Recently, a security audit identified that neither S3 bucket has encryption at rest enabled. Company policy requires that all documents must be stored with encryption at rest. The company wants to implement server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3).

What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Turn on SSE-S3 on both S3 buckets. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy and encrypt the objects in the same location.

B.

Create an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key in each account. Turn on server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) on each S3 bucket by using the corresponding KMS key in that AWS account. Encrypt the existing objects by using an S3 copy command in the AWS CLI.

C.

Turn on SSE-S3 on both S3 buckets. Encrypt the existing objects by using an S3 copy command in the AWS CLI.

D.

Create an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key in each account. Turn on server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) on each S3 bucket by using the corresponding KMS key in that AWS account. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the objects into the same location.

Question 106

A company is running a compute workload by using Amazon EC2 Spot Instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The launch template uses two placement groups and a single instance type.

Recently, a monitoring system reported Auto Scaling instance launch failures that correlated with longer wait times for system users. The company needs to improve the overall reliability of the workload.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.

Replace the launch template with a launch configuration to use an Auto Scaling group thatuses attribute-based instance type selection.

B.

Create a new launch template version that uses attribute-based instance type selection. Configure the Auto Scaling group to use the new launch template version.

C.

Update the launch template Auto Scaling group to increase the number of placement groups.

D.

Update the launch template to use a larger instance type.

Question 107

A company runs an application on AWS. The company curates data from several different sources. The company uses proprietary algorithms to perform data transformations and aggregations. After the company performs E TL processes, the company stores the results in Amazon Redshift tables. The company sells this data to other companies. The company downloads the data as files from the Amazon Redshift tables and transmits the files to several data customers by using FTP. The number of data customers has grown significantly. Management of the data customers has become difficult.

The company will use AWS Data Exchange to create a data product that the company can use to share data with customers. The company wants to confirm the identities of the customers before the company shares data. The customers also need access to the most recent data when the company publishes the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Data Exchange for APIs to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

B.

In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

C.

Download the data from the Amazon Redshift tables to an Amazon S3 bucket periodically. Use AWS Data Exchange for S3 to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

D.

Publish the Amazon Redshift data to an Open Data on AWS Data Exchange. Require the customers to subscribe to the data product in AWS Data Exchange. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, attach 1AM resource-based policies to the Amazon Redshift tables to allow access only to verified AWS accounts.

Question 108

A company provides auction services for artwork and has users across North America and Europe. The company hosts its application in Amazon EC2 instances in the us-east-1 Region. Artists upload photos of their work as large-size, high-resolution image files from their mobile phones to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket created in the us-east-l Region. The users in Europe are reporting slow performance for their Image uploads.

How can a solutions architect improve the performance of the image upload process?

Options:

A.

Redeploy the application to use S3 multipart uploads.

B.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and point to the application as a custom origin

C.

Configure the buckets to use S3 Transfer Acceleration.

D.

Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances and create a scaling policy.

Question 109

A company runs an loT application in the AWS Cloud. The company has millions of sensors that collect data from houses in the United States. The sensors use the MOTT protocol to connect and send data to a custom MQTT broker. The MQTT broker stores the data on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The sensors connect to the broker through the domain named iot.example.com. The company uses Amazon Route 53 as its DNS service. The company stores the data in Amazon DynamoDB.

On several occasions, the amount of data has overloaded the MOTT broker and has resulted in lost sensor data. The company must improve the reliability of the solution.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and an Auto Scaling group for the MOTT broker. Use the Auto Scaling group as the target for the ALB. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to an alias record. Point the alias record to the ALB. Use the MQTT broker to store the data.

B.

Set up AWS loT Core to receive the sensor data. Create and configure a custom domain to connect to AWS loT Core. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to point to the AWS loT Core Data-ATS endpoint. Configure an AWS loT rule to store the data.

C.

Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Set the MQTT broker as the target. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator. Set the NLB as the endpoint for the accelerator. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to a multivalue answer record. Set the Global Accelerator IP addresses as values. Use the MQTT broker to store the data.

D.

Set up AWS loT Greengrass to receive the sensor data. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to point to the AWS loT Greengrass endpoint. Configure an AWS loT rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to store the data.

Question 110

A company is running a web application in a VPC. The web application runs on a group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is using AWS WAF.

An external customer needs to connect to the web application. The company must provide IP addresses to all external customers.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Assign an Elastic IP address to the NLB.

B.

Allocate an Elastic IP address. Assign the Elastic IP address to the ALProvide the Elastic IP address to the customer.

C.

Create an AWS Global Accelerator standard accelerator. Specify the ALB as the accelerator's endpoint. Provide the accelerator's IP addresses to the customer.

D.

Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Set the ALB as the origin. Ping the distribution's DNS name to determine the distribution's public IP address. Provide the IP address to the customer.

Question 111

A company is designing a new website that hosts static content. The website will give users the ability to upload and download large files. According to company requirements, all data must be encrypted in transit and at rest. A solutions architect is building the solution by using Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront.

Which combination of steps will meet the encryption requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Turn on S3 server-side encryption for the S3 bucket that the web application uses.

B.

Add a policy attribute of "aws:SecureTransport": "true" for read and write operations in the S3 ACLs.

C.

Create a bucket policy that denies any unencrypted operations in the S3 bucket that the web application uses.

D.

Configure encryption at rest on CloudFront by using server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS).

E.

Configure redirection of HTTP requests to HTTPS requests in CloudFront.

F.

Use the RequireSSL option in the creation of presigned URLs for the S3 bucket that the web application uses.

Question 112

A company uses AWS Organizations for a multi-account setup in the AWS Cloud. The company's finance team has a data processing application that uses AWS Lambda and Amazon DynamoDB. The company's marketing team wants to access the data that is stored in the DynamoDB table.

The DynamoDB table contains confidential data. The marketing team can have access to only specific attributes of data in the DynamoDB table. The fi-nance team and the marketing team have separate AWS accounts.

What should a solutions architect do to provide the marketing team with the appropriate access to the DynamoDB table?

Options:

A.

Create an SCP to grant the marketing team's AWS account access to the specific attributes of the DynamoDB table. Attach the SCP to the OU of the finance team.

B.

Create an IAM role in the finance team's account by using IAM policy conditions for specific DynamoDB attributes (fine-grained access con-trol). Establish trust with the marketing team's account. In the mar-keting team's account, create an IAM role that has permissions to as-sume the IAM role in the finance team's account.

C.

Create a resource-based IAM policy that includes conditions for spe-cific DynamoDB attributes (fine-grained access control). Attach the policy to the DynamoDB table. In the marketing team's account, create an IAM role that has permissions to access the DynamoDB table in the finance team's account.

D.

Create an IAM role in the finance team's account to access the Dyna-moDB table. Use an IAM permissions boundary to limit the access to the specific attributes. In the marketing team's account, create an IAM role that has permissions to assume the IAM role in the finance team's account.

Question 113

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. For security purposes, the company requires the creation of an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that enables integration with a third-party alerting system in all the Organizations member accounts.

A solutions architect used an AWS CloudFormation template to create the SNS topic and stack sets to automate the deployment of Cloud Formation stacks. Trustedaccess has been enabled in Organizations.

What should the solutions architect do to deploy the CloudFormation StackSets in all AWS accounts?

Options:

A.

Create a stack set in the Organizations member accounts. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to an organization. Use CloudFormation StackSets drift detection.

B.

Create stacks in the Organizations member accounts. Use self-service permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to an organization. Enable the CloudFormation StackSets automatic deployment.

C.

Create a stack set in the Organizations management account. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to the organization. Enable CloudFormation StackSets automatic deployment.

D.

Create stacks in the Organizations management account. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to the organization. Enable CloudFormation StackSets drift detection.

Question 114

A company runs a customer service center that accepts calls and automatically sends all customers a managed, interactive, two-way experience survey by text message.

The applications that support the customer service center run on machines that the company hosts in an on-premises data center. The hardware that the company uses is old, and the company is experiencing downtime with the system. The company wants to migrate the system to AWS to improve reliability.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST ongoing operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Use Amazon Connect to replace the old call center hardware. Use Amazon Pinpoint to send text message surveys to customers.

B.

Use Amazon Connect to replace the old call center hardware. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to send text message surveys to customers.

C.

Migrate the call center software to Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. Use the EC2 instances to send text message surveys to customers.

D.

Use Amazon Pinpoint to replace the old call center hardware and to send text message surveys to customers.

Question 115

A company wants to use AWS for disaster recovery for an on-premises application. The company has hundreds of Windows-based servers that run the application. All the servers mount a common share.

The company has an RTO of 15 minutes and an RPO of 5 minutes. The solution must support native failover and fallback capabilities.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS Storage Gateway File Gateway. Schedule daily Windows server backups. Save the data lo Amazon S3. During a disaster, recover the on-premises servers from the backup. During failback. run the on-premises servers on Amazon EC2 instances.

B.

Create a set of AWS CloudFormation templates to create infrastructure. Replicate all data to Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) by using AWS DataSync. During a disaster, use AWS CodePipeline to deploy the templates to restore the on-premises servers. Fail back the data by using DataSync.

C.

Create an AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) pipeline to stand up a multi-site active-active environment on AWS. Replicate data into Amazon S3 by using the s3 sync command. During a disaster, swap DNS endpoints to point to AWS. Fail back the data by using the s3 sync command.

D.

Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the on-premises servers. Replicate data to an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system by using AWS DataSync. Mount the file system to AWS servers. During a disaster, fail over the on-premises servers to AWS. Fail back to new or existing servers by using Elastic Disaster Recovery.

Question 116

A solutions architect is reviewing a company's process for taking snapshots of Amazon RDS DB instances. The company takes automatic snapshots every day and retains the snapshots for 7 days.

The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution that takes snapshots every 6 hours and retains the snapshots for 30 days. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage all of its AWS accounts. The company needs a consolidated view of the health of the RDS snapshots.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS Backup. Create a backup plan that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Add a tag to the DB instances. Apply the backup plan by using tags. Use AWS Backup to monitor the status of the backups.

B.

Turn on the cross-account management feature in Amazon RDS. Create a snapshot global policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Use the RDS console in the management account to monitor the status of the backups.

C.

Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS CloudFormation. From the management account, deploy a CloudFormation stack set that contains a backup plan from AWS Backup that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Create an AWS Lambda function in the management account tomonitor the status of the backups. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule in each account to run the Lambda function on a schedule.

D.

Configure AWS Backup in each account. Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager lifecycle policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Specify the DB instances as the target resource. Use the Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager console in each member account to monitor the status of the backups.

Question 117

A company is providing weather data over a REST-based API to several customers. The API is hosted by Amazon API Gateway and is integrated with different AWS Lambda functions for each API operation. The company uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS and has created a resource record of weather.example.com. The company stores data for the API in Amazon DynamoDB tables. The company needs a solution that will give the API the ability to fail over to a different AWS Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Deploy a new set of Lambda functions in a new Region. Update the API Gateway API to use an edge-optimized API endpoint with Lambda functions from both Regions as targets. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables.

B.

Deploy a new API Gateway API and Lambda functions in another Region. Change the Route 53 DNS record to a multivalue answer. Add both API Gateway APIs to the answer. Enable target health monitoring. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables.

C.

Deploy a new API Gateway API and Lambda functions in another Region. Change the Route 53 DNS record to a failover record. Enable target health monitoring. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables.

D.

Deploy a new API Gateway API in a new Region. Change the Lambda functions to global functions. Change the Route 53 DNS record to a multivalue answer. Add both API Gateway APIs to the answer. Enable target health monitoring. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables.

Question 118

A company's public API runs as tasks on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The tasks run on AWS Fargate behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and are configured with Service Auto Scaling for the tasks based on CPU utilization. This service has been running well for several months.

Recently, API performance slowed down and made the application unusable. The company discovered that a significant number of SQL injection attacks had occurred against the API and that the API service had scaled to its maximum amount.

A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that prevents SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. The solution must allow legitimate traffic through and must maximize operational efficiency.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a new AWS WAF web ACL to monitor the HTTP requests and HTTPS requests that are forwarded to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

B.

Create a new AWS WAF Bot Control implementation. Add a rule in the AWS WAF Bot Control managed rule group to monitor traffic and allow only legitimate traffic to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

C.

Create a new AWS WAF web ACL. Add a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group. Set the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules. Attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

D.

Create a new AWS WAF web ACL. Create a new empty IP set in AWS WAF. Add a new rule to the web ACL to block requests that originate from IP addresses in the new IP set. Create an AWS Lambda function that scrapes the API logs for IP addresses that send SQL injection attacks, and add those IP addresses to the IP set. Attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

Question 119

A company needs to architect a hybrid DNS solution. This solution will use an Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone for the domain cloud.example.com for the resources stored within VPCs.

The company has the following DNS resolution requirements:

• On-premises systems should be able to resolve and connect to cloud.example.com.

• All VPCs should be able to resolve cloud.example.com.

There is already an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises corporate network and AWS Transit Gateway. Which architecture should the company use to meet these requirements with the HIGHEST performance?

Options:

A.

Associate the private hosted zone to all the VPCs. Create a Route 53 inbound resolver in theshared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver.

B.

Associate the private hosted zone to all the VPCs. Deploy an Amazon EC2 conditional forwarder in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the conditional forwarder.

C.

Associate the private hosted zone to the shared services VPC. Create a Route 53 outbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the outbound resolver.

D.

Associate the private hosted zone to the shared services VPC. Create a Route 53 inbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach the shared services VPC to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver.

Question 120

A company is running a critical stateful web application on two Linux Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with an Amazon RDS for MySQL database The company hosts the DNS records for the application in Amazon Route 53 A solutions architect must recommend a solution to improve the resiliency of the application

The solution must meet the following objectives:

• Application tier RPO of 2 minutes. RTO of 30 minutes

• Database tier RPO of 5 minutes RTO of 30 minutes

The company does not want to make significant changes to the existing application architecture The company must ensure optimal latency after a failover

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure the EC2 instances to use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery Create a cross-Region read replica for the RDS DB instance Create an ALB in a second AWS Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint and associate the endpoint with the ALBs Update DNS records to point to the Global Accelerator endpoint

B.

Configure the EC2 instances to use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to take snapshots of the EBS volumes Configure RDS automated backups Configure backup replication to a second AWS Region Create an ALB in the second Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint, and associate the endpoint with the ALBs Update DNS records to point to the Global Accelerator endpoint

C.

Create a backup plan in AWS Backup for the EC2 instances and RDS DB instance Configure backup replication to a second AWS Region Create an ALB in the second Region Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the ALB Update DNS records to point to CloudFront

D.

Configure the EC2 instances to use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to take snapshots of the EBS volumes Create a cross-Region read replica for the RDS DB instance Create an ALB in a second AWS Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint and associate the endpoint with the ALBs

Question 121

A solutions architect must create a business case for migration of a company's on-premises data center to the AWS Cloud. The solutions architect will use a configuration management database (CMDB) export of all the company's servers to create the case.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Well-Architected Tool to import the CMDB data to perform an analysis and generate recommendations.

B.

Use Migration Evaluator to perform an analysis. Use the data import template to upload the data from the CMDB export.

C.

Implement resource matching rules. Use the CMDB export and the AWS Price List Bulk API to query CMDB data against AWS services in bulk.

D.

Use AWS Application Discovery Service to import the CMDB data to perform an analysis.

Question 122

A manufacturing company is building an inspection solution for its factory. The company has IPcameras at the end of each assembly line. The company has used Amazon SageMaker to train a machine learning (ML) model to identify common defects from still images.

The company wants to provide local feedback to factory workers when a defect is detected. The company must be able to provide this feedback even if the factory’s internet connectivity is down. The company has a local Linux server that hosts an API that provides local feedback to the workers.

How should the company deploy the ML model to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Set up an Amazon Kinesis video stream from each IP camera to AWS. Use Amazon EC2 instances to take still images of the streams. Upload the images to an Amazon S3 bucket. Deploy a SageMaker endpoint with the ML model. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to call the inference endpoint when new images are uploaded. Configure the Lambda function to call the local API when a defect is detected.

B.

Deploy AWS IoT Greengrass on the local server. Deploy the ML model to the Greengrass server. Create a Greengrass component to take still images from the cameras and run inference. Configure the component to call the local API when a defect is detected.

C.

Order an AWS Snowball device. Deploy a SageMaker endpoint the ML model and an Amazon EC2 instance on the Snowball device. Take still images from the cameras. Run inference from the EC2 instance. Configure the instance to call the local API when a defect is detected.

D.

Deploy Amazon Monitron devices on each IP camera. Deploy an Amazon Monitron Gateway on premises. Deploy the ML model to the Amazon Monitron devices. Use Amazon Monitron health state alarms to call the local API from an AWS Lambda function when a defect is detected.

Question 123

A company wants to optimize AWS data-transfer costs and compute costs across developer accounts within the company's organization in AWS Organizations Developers can configure VPCs and launch Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region The EC2 instances retrieve approximately 1 TB of data each day from Amazon S3

The developer activity leads to excessive monthly data-transfer charges and NAT gateway processing charges between EC2 instances and S3 buckets, along with high compute costs The company wants to proactively enforce approved architectural patterns for any EC2 instance and VPC infrastructure that developers deploy within the AWS accounts The company does not wantthis enforcement to negatively affect the speed at which the developers can perform their tasks

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.

Create SCPs to prevent developers from launching unapproved EC2 instance types Provide the developers with an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy an approved VPC configuration with S3 interface endpoints Scope the developers* IAM permissions so that the developers can launch VPC resources only with CloudFormation

B.

Create a daily forecasted budget with AWS Budgets to monitor EC2 compute costs and S3 data-transfer costs across the developer accounts When the forecasted cost is 75% of the actual budget cost, send an alert to the developer teams If the actual budget cost is 100%. create a budget action to terminate the developers' EC2 instances and VPC infrastructure

C.

Create an AWS Service Catalog portfolio that users can use to create an approved VPC configuration with S3 gateway endpoints and approved EC2 instances Share the portfolio with the developer accounts Configure an AWS Service Catalog launch constraint to use an approved IAM role Scope the developers' IAM permissions to allow access only to AWS Service Catalog

D.

Create and deploy AWS Config rules to monitor the compliance of EC2 and VPC resources in the developer AWS accounts If developers launch unapproved EC2 instances or if developers create VPCs without S3 gateway endpoints perform a remediation action to terminate the unapproved resources

Question 124

An education company is running a web application used by college students around the world. The application runs in an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A system administrator detected a weekly spike in the number of failed logic attempts. Which overwhelm the application’s authentication service. All the failed login attempts originate from about 500 different IP addresses that change each week. A solutions architect must prevent the failed login attempts from overwhelming the authentication service.

Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to deny access from the IP addresses.

B.

Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rate-based rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB.

C.

Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to allow access only to specific CIDR ranges.

D.

Create an AWS WAF web ACL with an IP set match rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB.

Question 125

A company has millions of objects in an Amazon S3 bucket. The objects are in the S3 Standard storage class. All the S3 objects are accessed frequently. The number of users and applications that access the objects is increasing rapidly. The objects are encrypted with server-side encryption with AWS KMS Keys (SSE-KMS).

A solutions architect reviews the company's monthly AWS invoice and notices that AWS KMS costs are increasing because of the high number of requests from Amazon S3. The solutions architect needs to optimize costs with minimal changes to the application.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Create a new S3 bucket that has server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C) as the encryption type. Copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Specify SSE-C.

B.

Create a new S3 bucket that has server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) as the encryption type. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Specify SSE-S3.

C.

Use AWS CloudHSM to store the encryption keys. Create a new S3 bucket. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Encrypt the objects by using the keys from CloudHSM.

D.

Use the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class for the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Intelligent-Tiering archive configuration to transition objects that are not accessed for 90 days to S3 Glacier Deep Archive.

Question 126

A company has a website that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The ALB is associated with an AWS WAF web ACL.

The website often encounters attacks in the application layer. The attacks produce sudden and significant increases in traffic on the application server. The access logs show that each attack originates from different IP addresses. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to mitigate these attacks.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that monitors server access. Set a threshold based on access by IP address. Configure an alarm action that adds the IP address to the web ACL’s deny list.

B.

Deploy AWS Shield Advanced in addition to AWS WAF. Add the ALB as a protected resource.

C.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that monitors user IP addresses. Set a threshold based on access by IP address. Configure the alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function to add a deny rule in the application server’s subnet route table for any IP addresses that activate the alarm.

D.

Inspect access logs to find a pattern of IP addresses that launched the attacks. Use an Amazon Route 53 geolocation routing policy to deny traffic from the countries that host those IP addresses.

Question 127

A company uses a Grafana data visualization solution that runs on a single Amazon EC2 instance to monitor the health of the company's AWS workloads. The company has invested time and effort to create dashboards that the company wants to preserve. The dashboards need to be highly available and cannot be down for longer than 10 minutes. The company needs to minimize ongoing maintenance.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Migrate to Amazon CloudWatch dashboards. Recreate the dashboards to match the existing Grafana dashboards. Use automatic dashboards where possible.

B.

Create an Amazon Managed Grafana workspace. Configure a new Amazon CloudWatch data source. Export dashboards from the existing Grafana instance. Import the dashboards into the new workspace.

C.

Create an AMI that has Grafana pre-installed. Store the existing dashboards in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). Create an Auto Scaling group that uses the new AMI. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum, desired, and maximum number of instances to one. Create an Application Load Balancer that serves at least two Availability Zones.

D.

Configure AWS Backup to back up the EC2 instance that runs Grafana once each hour. Restore the EC2 instance from the most recent snapshot in an alternate Availability Zone when required.

Question 128

A company has an application that runs as a ReplicaSet of multiple pods in an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. The EKS cluster has nodes in multiple Availability Zones. The application generates many small files that must be accessible across all running instances of the application. The company needs to back up the files and retain the backups for 1 year.

Which solution will meet these requirements while providing the FASTEST storage performance?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system and a mount target for each subnet that contains nodes in the EKS cluster. Configure the ReplicaSet to mount the file system. Direct the application to store files in the file system. Configure AWS Backup to back up and retain copies of the data for 1 year.

B.

Create an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Enable the EBS Multi-Attach feature. Configure the ReplicaSet to mount the EBS volume. Direct the application to store files inthe EBS volume. Configure AWS Backup to back up and retain copies of the data for 1 year.

C.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the ReplicaSet to mount the S3 bucket. Direct the application to store files in the S3 bucket. Configure S3 Versioning to retain copies of the data. Configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to delete objects after 1 year.

D.

Configure the ReplicaSet to use the storage available on each of the running application pods to store the files locally. Use a third-party tool to back up the EKS cluster for 1 year.

Question 129

A company is deploying a new web-based application and needs a storage solution for the Linux application servers. The company wants to create a single location for updates to application data for all instances. The active dataset will be up to 100 GB in size. A solutions architect has determined that peak operations will occur for 3 hours daily and will require a total of 225 MiBps of read throughput.

The solutions architect must design a Multi-AZ solution that makes a copy of the data available in another AWS Region for disaster recovery (DR). The DR copy has an RPO of less than 1 hour.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Deploy a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Multi-AZ file system. Configure the file system for 75 MiBps of provisioned throughput. Implementreplication to a file system in the DR Region.

B.

Deploy a new Amazon FSx for Lustre file system. Configure Bursting Throughput mode for the file system. Use AWS Backup to back up the file system to the DR Region.

C.

Deploy a General Purpose SSD (gp3) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume with 225 MiBps of throughput. Enable Multi-Attach for the EBSvolume. Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the EBS volume to the DR Region.

D.

Deploy an Amazon FSx for OpenZFS file system in both the production Region and the DR Region. Create an AWS DataSync scheduled task to replicate thedata from the production file system to the DR file system every 10 minutes.

Question 130

A company has a critical application in which the data tier is deployed in a single AWS Region. The data tier uses an Amazon DynamoDB table and an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The current Aurora MySQL engine version supports a global database. The application tier is already deployed in two Regions.

Company policy states that critical applications must have application tier components and data tier components deployed across two Regions. The RTO and RPO must be no more than a few minutes each. A solutions architect must recommend a solution to make the data tier compliant with company policy.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Add another Region to the Aurora MySQL DB cluster

B.

Add another Region to each table in the Aurora MySQL DB cluster

C.

Set up scheduled cross-Region backups for the DynamoDB table and the Aurora MySQL DB cluster

D.

Convert the existing DynamoDB table to a global table by adding another Region to its configuration

E.

Use Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller to automate database backup and recovery to the secondary Region

Question 131

A company is using an organization in AWS Organizations to manage hundreds of AWS accounts. A solutions architect is working on a solution to provide baseline protection for the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) top 10 web application vulnerabilities. The solutions architect is using AWS WAF for all existing and new Amazon CloudFront distributions that are deployed within the organization.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to provide the baseline protection? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Enable AWS Config in all accounts.

B.

Enable Amazon GuardDuty in all accounts.

C.

Enable all features for the organization.

D.

Use AWS Firewall Manager to deploy AWS WAF rules in all accounts for all CloudFront distributions.

E.

Use AWS Shield Advanced to deploy AWS WAF rules in all accounts for all CloudFront distributions.

F.

Use AWS Security Hub to deploy AWS WAF rules in all accounts for all CloudFront distributions.

Question 132

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage more than 1.000 AWS accounts. The company has created a new developer organization. There are 540 developer member accounts that must be moved to the new developer organization. All accounts are set up with all the required Information so that each account can be operated as a standalone account.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to move all of the developer accounts to the new developer organization? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Call the MoveAccount operation in the Organizations API from the old organization's management account to migrate the developer accounts to the new developer organization.

B.

From the management account, remove each developer account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

C.

From each developer account, remove the account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

D.

Sign in to the new developer organization's management account and create a placeholder member account that acts as a target for the developer account migration.

E.

Call the InviteAccountToOrganization operation in the Organizations API from the new developer organization's management account to send invitations to the developer accounts.

F.

Have each developer sign in to their account and confirm to join the new developer organization.

Question 133

A financial services company loaded millions of historical stock trades into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The table uses on-demand capacity mode. Once each day at midnight, a few million new records are loaded into the table. Application read activity against the table happens in bursts throughout the day. and a limited set of keys are repeatedly looked up. The company needs to reduce costs associated with DynamoDB.

Which strategy should a solutions architect recommend to meet this requirement?

Options:

A.

Deploy an Amazon ElastiCache cluster in front of the DynamoDB table.

B.

Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Configure DynamoDB auto scaling. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer

C.

Use provisioned capacity mode. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer.

D.

Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Use provisioned capacity mode. Configure DynamoDB auto scaling.

Question 134

A solutions architect needs to assess a newly acquired company’s portfolio of applications and databases. The solutions architect must create a business case to migrate the portfolio to AWS. The newly acquired company runs applications in an on-premises data center. The data center is not well documented. The solutions architect cannot immediately determine how many applications and databases exist. Traffic for the applications is variable. Some applications are batch processes that run at the end of each month.

The solutions architect must gain a better understanding of the portfolio before a migration to AWS can begin.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) and AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to evaluate migration. Use AWS Service Catalog to understand application and database dependencies.

B.

Use AWS Application Migration Service. Run agents on the on-premises infrastructure. Manage the agents by using AWS Migration Hub. Use AWS Storage Gateway to assess local storage needs and database dependencies.

C.

Use Migration Evaluator to generate a list of servers. Build a report for a business case. Use AWS Migration Hub to view the portfolio. Use AWS Application Discovery Service to gain anunderstanding of application dependencies.

D.

Use AWS Control Tower in the destination account to generate an application portfolio. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to generate deeper reports and a business case. Use a landing zone for core accounts and resources.

Question 135

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy its infrastructure. The company is concerned that, if a production CloudFormation stack is deleted, important data stored in Amazon RDS databases or Amazon EBS volumes might also be deleted.

How can the company prevent users from accidentally deleting data in this way?

Options:

A.

Modify the CloudFormation templates to add a DeletionPolicy attribute to RDS and EBS resources.

B.

Configure a stack policy that disallows the deletion of RDS and EBS resources.

C.

Modify 1AM policies to deny deleting RDS and EBS resources that are tagged with an "awsrcloudformation: stack-name" tag.

D.

Use AWS Config rules to prevent deleting RDS and EBS resources.

Question 136

A company is running an application that uses an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster as a caching layer A recent security audit revealed that the company has configured encryption at rest for ElastiCache However the company did not configure ElastiCache to use encryption in transit Additionally, users can access the cache without authentication

A solutions architect must make changes to require user authentication and to ensure that the company is using end-to-end encryption

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an AUTH token Store the token in AWS System Manager Parameter Store, as anencrypted parameter Create a new cluster with AUTH and configure encryption in transit Update the application to retrieve the AUTH token from Parameter Store when necessary and to use the AUTH token for authentication

B.

Create an AUTH token Store the token in AWS Secrets Manager Configure the existing cluster to use the AUTH token and configure encryption in transit Update the application to retrieve the AUTH token from Secrets Manager when necessary and to use the AUTH token for authentication.

C.

Create an SSL certificate Store the certificate in AWS Secrets Manager Create a new cluster and configure encryption in transit Update the application to retrieve the SSL certificate from Secrets Manager when necessary and to use the certificate for authentication.

D.

Create an SSL certificate Store the certificate in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, as an encrypted advanced parameter Update the existing cluster to configure encryption in transit Update the application to retrieve the SSL certificate from Parameter Store when necessary and to use the certificate for authentication

Question 137

A company has loT sensors that monitor traffic patterns throughout a large city. The company wants to read and collect data from the sensors and perform aggregations on the data.

A solutions architect designs a solution in which the loT devices are streaming to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Several applications are reading from the stream. However, several consumers are experiencing throttling and are periodically and are periodically encountering a RealProvisioned Throughput Exceeded error.

Which actions should the solution architect take to resolve this issue? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Reshard the stream to increase the number of shards s in the stream.

B.

Use the Kinesis Producer Library KPL). Adjust the polling frequency.

C.

Use consumers with the enhanced fan-out feature.

D.

Reshard the stream to reduce the number of shards in the stream.

E.

Use an error retry and exponential backoff mechanism in the consumer logic.

F.

Configure the stream to use dynamic partitioning.

Question 138

A solutions architect is designing a solution to process events. The solution must have the ability to scale in and out based on the number of events that the solution receives. If a processing error occurs, the event must move into a separate queue for review.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Send event details to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Configure an AWS Lambda function as a subscriber to the SNS topic to process the events. Add an on-failure destination to the function. Set an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as the target.

B.

Publish events to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. Configure the Auto Scaling group to scale in and out based on the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metric of the queue. Configure the application to write failed messages to a dead-letter queue.

C.

Write events to an Amazon DynamoDB table. Configure a DynamoDB stream for the table. Configure the stream to invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to process the events.

D.

Publish events to an Amazon EventBridge event bus. Create and run an application on an Amazon EC2 instance with an Auto Scaling group that isbehind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Set the ALB as the event bus target. Configure the event bus to retry events. Write messages to a dead-letter queue if the application cannot process the messages.

Question 139

A company is storing sensitive data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company must log all activities for objects in the S3 bucket and must keep the logs for 5 years. The company's security team also must receive an email notification every time there is an attempt to delete data in the S3 bucket.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to log S3 data events.

B.

Configure S3 server access logging for the S3 bucket.

C.

Configure Amazon S3 to send object deletion events to Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES).

D.

Configure Amazon S3 to send object deletion events to an Amazon EventBridge event bus that publishes to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

E.

Configure Amazon S3 to send the logs to Amazon Timestream with data storage tiering.

F.

Configure a new S3 bucket to store the logs with an S3 Lifecycle policy.

Question 140

A company runs an application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in private subnets behind an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. An AWS WAF web ACL that contains various AWS managed rules is associated with the CloudFront distribution.

The company needs a solution that will prevent internet traffic from directly accessing the ALB.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Create a new web ACL that contains the same rules that the existing web ACL contains. Associate the new web ACL with the ALB.

B.

Associate the existing web ACL with the ALB.

C.

Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow traffic from the AWS managed prefix list for CloudFront only.

D.

Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow only the various CloudFront IP address ranges.

Question 141

A company has migrated a legacy application to the AWS Cloud. The application runs on three Amazon EC2 instances that are spread across three Availability Zones. One EC2 instance is in each Availability Zone. The EC2 instances are running in three private subnets of the VPC and are set up as targets for an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that is associated with three public subnets.

The application needs to communicate with on-premises systems. Only traffic from IP addresses in the company's IP address range are allowed to access the on-premises systems. The company's security team is bringing only one IP address from its internal IP address range to the cloud. The company has added this IP address to the allow list for the company firewall. The company also has created an Elastic IP address for this IP address.

A solutions architect needs to create a solution that gives the application the ability to communicate with the on-premises systems. The solution also must be able to mitigate failures automatically.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Deploy three NAT gateways, one in each public subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the NAT gateways. Turn on health checks for the NAT gateways. If a NAT gateway fails a health check, recreate the NAT gateway and assign the Elastic IP address to the new NAT gateway.

B.

Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Assign the Elastic IP address to the NLB Turn on health checks for the NLB. In the case of a failed health check, redeploy the NLB in different subnets.

C.

Deploy a single NAT gateway in a public subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the NAT gateway. Use Amazon CloudWatch with a custom metric tomonitor the NAT gateway. If the NAT gateway is unhealthy, invoke an AWS Lambda function to create a new NAT gateway in a different subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the new NAT gateway.

D.

Assign the Elastic IP address to the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 simple record with the Elastic IP address as the value. Create a Route 53 health check. In the case of a failed health check, recreate the ALB in different subnets.

Question 142

A company runs a processing engine in the AWS Cloud The engine processes environmental data from logistics centers to calculate a sustainability index The company has millions of devices in logistics centers that are spread across Europe The devices send information to the processing engine through a RESTful API

The API experiences unpredictable bursts of traffic The company must implement a solution to process all data that the devices send to the processing engine Data loss is unacceptable

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) for the RESTful API Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue Create a listener and a target group for the ALB Add the SQS queue as the target Use a container that runs in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Fargate launch type to process messages in the queue

B.

Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API that implements the RESTful API Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue Create an API Gateway service integration with the SQS queue Create an AWS Lambda function toprocess messages in the SQS queue

C.

Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API that implements the RESTful API Create a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group Create an API Gateway Auto Scaling group proxy integration Use the EC2 instances to process incoming data

D.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the RESTful API Create a data stream in Amazon Kinesis Data Streams Set the data stream as the origin for the distribution Create an AWS Lambda function to consume and process data in the data stream

Question 143

A company manufactures smart vehicles. The company uses a custom application to collect vehicle data. The vehicles use the MQTT protocol to connect to the application.

The company processes the data in 5-minute intervals. The company then copies vehicle telematics data to on-premises storage. Custom applications analyze this data to detect anomalies.

The number of vehicles that send data grows constantly. Newer vehicles generate high volumes of data. The on-premises storage solution is not able to scale for peak traffic, which results in data loss. The company must modernize the solution and migrate the solution to AWS to resolve the scaling challenges.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Use AWS IOT Greengrass to send the vehicle data to Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK). Create an Apache Kafka application to store the data in Amazon S3. Use a pretrained model in Amazon SageMaker to detect anomalies.

B.

Use AWS IOT Core to receive the vehicle data. Configure rules to route data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that stores the data in Amazon S3. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application that reads from the delivery stream to detect anomalies.

C.

Use AWS IOT FleetWise to collect the vehicle data. Send the data to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Use an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Use the built-in machine learning transforms in AWS Glue to detect anomalies.

D.

Use Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ to collect the vehicle data. Send the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Lookout for Metrics to detect anomalies.

Question 144

A company is updating an application that customers use to make online orders. The number of attacks on the application by bad actors has increased recently.

The company will host the updated application on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The company will use Amazon DynamoDB to store application data. A public Application Load Balancer (ALB) will provide end users with access to the application. The company must prevent prevent attacks and ensure business continuity with minimal service interruptions during an ongoing attack.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the ALB as the origin. Add a custom header and random value on the CloudFront domain. Configure the ALB to conditionally forward traffic if the header and value match.

B.

Deploy the application in two AWS Regions. Configure Amazon Route 53 to route to both Regions with equal weight.

C.

Configure auto scaling for Amazon ECS tasks. Create a DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster.

D.

Configure Amazon ElastiCache to reduce overhead on DynamoDB.

E.

Deploy an AWS WAF web ACL that includes an appropriate rule group. Associate the web ACL with the Amazon CloudFront distribution.

Question 145

A company's solutions architect is analyzing costs of a multi-application environment. The environment is deployed across multiple Availability Zones in a single AWS Region. After a recent acquisition, the company manages two organizations in AWS Organizations. The company has created multiple service provider applications as AWS PrivateLink-powered VPC endpoint services in one organization. The company has created multiple service consumer applications in the other organization.

Data transfer charges are much higher than the company expected, and the solutions architect needs to reduce the costs. The solutions architect must recommend guidelines for developers to follow when they deploy services. These guidelines must minimize data transfer charges for the whole environment.

Which guidelines meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the subnets that host the service provider applications with other accounts in the organization.

B.

Place the service provider applications and the service consumer applications in AWS accounts in the same organization.

C.

Turn off cross-zone load balancing for the Network Load Balancer in all service provider application deployments.

D.

Ensure that service consumer compute resources use the Availability Zone-specific endpoint service by using the endpoint's local DNS name.

E.

Create a Savings Plan that provides adequate coverage for the organization's planned inter-Availability Zone data transfer usage.

Question 146

A company is migrating a legacy application from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application uses MongoDB as a key-value database According to the company's technical guidelines, all Amazon EC2 instances must be hosted in a private subnet without an internet connection. In addition, all connectivity between applications and databases must be encrypted. The database must be able to scale based on demand.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes. Use the instance endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB.

B.

Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use a gateway VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables

C.

Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use an interface VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables.

D.

Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes Use the cluster endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB

Question 147

A company wants to migrate to AWS. The company is running thousands of VMs in a VMware ESXi environment. The company has no configuration management database and has little Knowledge about the utilization of the VMware portfolio.

A solutions architect must provide the company with an accurate inventory so that the company can plan for a cost-effective migration.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager to deploy Migration Evaluator to each VM. Review the collected data in Amazon QuickSight. Identify servers that have high utilization. Remove the servers that have high utilization from the migration list. Import the data to AWS Migration Hub.

B.

Export the VMware portfolio to a csv file. Check the disk utilization for each server. Remove servers that have high utilization. Export the data to AWS Application Migration Service. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to migrate the remaining servers.

C.

Deploy the Migration Evaluator agentless collector to the ESXi hypervisor. Review the collected data in Migration Evaluator. Identify inactive servers. Remove the inactive servers from the migration list. Import the data to AWS Migration Hub.

D.

Deploy the AWS Application Migration Service Agent to each VM. When the data is collected, use Amazon Redshift to import and analyze the data. Use Amazon QuickSight for data visualization.

Question 148

A company has a new application that needs to run on five Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region. The application requires high-through put. low-latency network connections between all to the EC2 instances where the application will run. There is no requirement for the application to be fault tolerant.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Launch five new EC2 instances into a cluster placement group. Ensure that the EC2instance type supports enhanced networking.

B.

Launch five new EC2 instances into an Auto Scaling group in the same Availability Zone. Attach an extra elastic network interface to each EC2 instance.

C.

Launch five new EC2 instances into a partition placement group. Ensure that the EC2 instance type supports enhanced networking.

D.

Launch five new EC2 instances into a spread placement group Attach an extra elastic network interface to each EC2 instance.

Exam Detail
Exam Code: SAP-C02
Last Update: Jun 15, 2025
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