Latest Amazon Web Services SAP-C02 Dumps PDF Questions Answers 2025

AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 1

A company is using a single AWS Region for its ecommerce website. The website includes a web application that runs on several Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The website also includes an Amazon DynamoDB table. A custom domain name in Amazon Route 53 is linked to the ALB. The company created an SSL/TLS certificate in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) and attached the certificate to the ALB. The company is not using a content delivery network as part of its design. The company wants to replicate its entire application stack in a second Region to provide disaster recovery, plan for future growth, and provide improved access time to users. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that achieves these goals and minimizes administrative overhead. Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an AWS CloudFormation template for the current infrastructure design. Use parameters for important system values, including Region. Use the CloudFormation template to create the new infrastructure in the second Region.

Use the AWS Management Console to document the existing infrastructure design in the first Region and to create the new infrastructure in the second Region.

Update the Route 53 hosted zone record for the application to use weighted routing. Send 50% of the traffic to the ALB in each Region.

Update the Route 53 hosted zone record for the application to use latency-based routing. Send traffic to the ALB in each Region.

Update the configuration of the existing DynamoDB table by enabling DynamoDB Streams. Add the second Region to create a global table.

Create a new DynamoDB table. Enable DynamoDB Streams for the new table. Add the second Region to create a global table. Copy the data from the existing DynamoDB table to the new table as a one-time operation.

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Question 2

A company is running several workloads in a single AWS account. A new company policy states that engineers can provision only approved resources and that engineers must use AWS CloudFormation to provision these resources. A solutions architect needs to create a solution to enforce the new restriction on the IAM role that the engineers use for access.

What should the solutions architect do to create the solution?

Options:

Upload AWS CloudFormation templates that contain approved resources to an Amazon S3 bucket. Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role to only allow access to Amazon S3 and AWS CloudFormation. Use AWS CloudFormation templates to provision resources.

Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role with permissions to only allow provisioning of approved resources and AWS CloudFormation. Use AWS CloudFormation templates to create stacks with approved resources.

Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role with permissions to only allow AWS CloudFormation actions. Create a new IAM policy with permission to provision approved resources, and assign the policy to a new IAM service role. Assign the IAM service role to AWS CloudFormation during stack creation.

Provision resources in AWS CloudFormation stacks. Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role to only allow access to their own AWS CloudFormation stack.

Question 3

A company's factory and automaton applications are running in a single VPC More than 23 applications run on a combination of Amazon EC2, Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), are Amazon RDS.

The company has software engineers spread across three teams. One of the three teams owns each application, and each team is responsible for the cost and performance of all of its applications.Team resources have tags that represent their application and team. The learns use IAH access for daily activities.

The company needs to determine which costs on the monthly AWS bill are attributable to each application or team. The company also must be able to create reports to compare costs item the last 12 months and to help forecast costs tor the next 12 months. A solution architect must recommend an AWS Billing and Cost Management solution that provides these cost reports.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirement? Select THREE.)

Options:

Activate the user-defined cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.

Activate the AWS generated cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.

Create a cost category for each application in Billing and Cost Management

Activate IAM access to Billing and Cost Management.

Create a cost budget

Enable Cost Explorer.

Question 4

A company is subject to regulatory audits of its financial information. External auditors who use a single AWS account need access to the company's AWS account. A solutions architect must provide the auditors with secure, read-only access to the company's AWS account. The solution must comply with AWS security best practices.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

In the company's AWS account, create resource policies for all resources in the account to grant access to the auditors' AWS account. Assign a unique external ID to the resource policy.

In the company's AWS account create an IAM role that trusts the auditors' AWS account Create an IAM policy that has the required permissions. Attach the policy to the role. Assign a unique external ID to the role's trust policy.

In the company's AWS account, create an IAM user. Attach the required IAM policies to the IAM user. Create API access keys for the IAM user. Share the access keys with the auditors.

In the company's AWS account, create an IAM group that has the required permissions Create an IAM user in the company s account for each auditor. Add the IAM users to the IAM group.

Question 5

A solutions architect is auditing the security setup of an AWS Lambda function for a company. The Lambda function retrieves the latest changes from an Amazon Aurora database. The Lambda function and the database run in the same VPC. Lambda environment variables are providing the database credentials to the Lambda function.

The Lambda function aggregates data and makes the data available in an Amazon S3 bucket that is configured for server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS). The data must not travel across the internet. If any database credentials become compromised, the company needs a solution that minimizes the impact of the compromise.

What should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

Options:

Enable IAM database authentication on the Aurora DB cluster. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access the database by using IAM database authentication. Deploy a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 in the VPC.

Enable IAM database authentication on the Aurora DB cluster. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access the database by using IAM database authentication. Enforce HTTPS on the connection to Amazon S3 during data transfers.

Save the database credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Set up password rotation on the credentials in Parameter Store. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access Parameter Store. Modify the Lambda function to retrieve the credentials from Parameter Store. Deploy a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 in the VPC.

Save the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. Set up password rotation on the credentials in Secrets Manager. Change the IAM role for the Lambda function to allow the function to access Secrets Manager. Modify the Lambda function to retrieve the credentials Om Secrets Manager. Enforce HTTPS on the connection to Amazon S3 during data transfers.

Question 6

A company has mounted sensors to collect information about environmental parameters such as humidity and light throughout all the company's factories. The company needs to stream and analyze the data in the AWS Cloud in real time. If any of the parameters fall out of acceptable ranges, the factory operations team must receive a notification immediately.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Use AWS Step Functions to consume and analyze the data in the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the operations team.

Stream the data to an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) cluster. Set up a trigger in Amazon MSK to invoke an AWS Fargate taskto analyze the data. Use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to notify the operations team.

Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS Lambda function to consume the Kinesis data stream and to analyze the data. UseAmazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the operations team.

Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application. I-Jse an automatically scaled and containerized service in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) to consume and analyze the data. use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to notify the operations team.

Question 7

A company has several Amazon DynamoDB tables in an AWS Region. Each table has more than 100,000 records and was created with default table settings.

To reduce costs, the company needs to identify unused tables. However, the company must maintain the availability and current performance capability of the tables in case the company must use the tables in the future.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

In Amazon CloudWatch, graph the sum of the ReadThrottleEvents metric and the sum of the WriteThrottleEvents metric for each table over a period of 1 month.

In Amazon CloudWatch, graph the sum of the ConsumedReadCapacityUnits metric and the sum of the ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits metric for each table over a period of 1 month.

Change the provisioned RCUs to 1 for the unused tables. Change the provisioned WCUs to 1 for the unused tables.

Change the capacity mode of the unused tables to on-demand mode.

Change the table class of the unused tables to DynamoDB Standard-Infrequent Access (DynamoDB Standard-IA).

Purchase a reserved capacity of 1 RCU and 1 WCU for each unused table.

Question 8

A company is using GitHub Actions to run a CI/CD pipeline that accesses resources on AWS. The company has an IAM user that uses a secret key in the pipeline to authenticate to AWS. An existing IAM role with an attached policy grants the required permissions to deploy resources.

The company's security team implements a new requirement that pipelines can no longer use long-lived secret keys. A solutions architect must replace the secret key with a short-lived solution.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an IAM SAML 2.0 identity provider (IdP) in IAM. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole API call. Attach the existing IAM policy to the new IAM role. Update GitHub to use SAML authentication for the pipeline.

Create an IAM OpenID Connect (OIDC) identity provider (IdP) in IAM. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API call from the GitHub OIDC IdP. Update GitHub to assume the role for the pipeline.

Create an Amazon Cognito identity pool. Configure the authentication provider to use GitHub. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API call from the GitHub authentication provider. Configure the pipeline to use Cognito as its authentication provider.

Create a trust anchor to AWS Private CA. Generate a client certificate to use with AWS IAM Roles Anywhere. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole API call. Attach the existing IAM policy to the new IAM role. Configure the pipeline to use the credential helper tool and to reference the client certificate public key to assume the new IAM role.

Answer:

Explanation:

This explanation is based on AWS documentation and best practices but is paraphrased, not a literal extract.

The current CI/CD pipeline uses an IAM user with long-lived access keys stored in GitHub Actions. The new requirement is that pipelines must not use long-lived secret keys. Instead, the solution should provide short-lived credentials with minimal operational overhead.

GitHub Actions natively supports integration with cloud providers using OpenID Connect (OIDC). With OIDC, GitHub acts as an identity provider that can issue OIDC tokens to workflows. On the AWS side, IAM supports configuring an OIDC identity provider and roles that can be assumed by principals presenting valid OIDC tokens through the sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API. This pattern enables short-lived, automatically rotated credentials for CI/CD jobs without storing long-lived secrets.

In the correct solution (option B), you configure an IAM OIDC identity provider for GitHub in the AWS account. You then create a new IAM role with a trust policy that allows the Github OIDC provider to call sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity, with conditions that restrict which repositories or workflows can assume the role. The existing IAM policy that grants deployment permissions is attached to that role. In GitHub Actions, you update the pipeline configuration to request an OIDC token and assume the IAM role at runtime. Each workflow run receives short-lived credentials without storing static keys, and AWS automatically handles the token verification and temporary credential issuance. This approach is the AWS-recommended pattern for integrating GitHub Actions with AWS without long-lived secrets and has low operational overhead once configured.

Option A uses SAML 2.0, which is typically used for enterprise single sign-on for users, not for GitHub Actions workflows. GitHub does not natively use SAML to obtain AWS credentials for CI/CD pipelines in the same streamlined way as OIDC, and implementing a SAML-based integration would add unnecessary complexity.

Option C introduces Amazon Cognito as an indirection layer. Although Cognito can federate with external identity providers, including social providers, using it as an intermediary to obtain temporary AWS credentials for a machine-to-machine CI/CD pipeline is not necessary when IAM OIDC federation with GitHub is directly supported. This adds additional configuration and operational overhead.

Option D uses IAM Roles Anywhere with client certificates from AWS Private CA. Roles Anywhere is designed for workloads running outside AWS that need to assume IAM roles using X.509 certificates instead of access keys. While technically possible, it requires managing private certificates, trust anchors, and a credential helper tool, which is more complex and operationally heavier than the direct OIDC integration specifically designed for GitHub Actions.

Therefore, configuring an IAM OIDC identity provider for GitHub and creating an IAM role to be assumed via sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity (option B) meets the requirement to replace long-lived secret keys with short-lived credentials with the least operational overhead.

[References:AWS documentation on configuring IAM OpenID Connect identity providers and roles for GitHub Actions integration.AWS security best practices recommending federation and temporary credentials over long-lived IAM user access keys for CI/CD pipelines., , ]

Question 9

A company needs to audit the security posture of a newly acquired AWS account. The company’s data security team requires a notification only when an Amazon S3 bucket becomes publicly exposed. The company has already established an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that has the data security team's email address subscribed.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an S3 event notification on all S3 buckets for the isPublic event. Select the SNS topic as the target for the event notifications.

Create an analyzer in AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the event type “Access Analyzer Finding” with a filter for “isPublic: true.” Select the SNS topic as the EventBridge rule target.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the event type “Bucket-Level API Call via CloudTrail” with a filter for “PutBucketPolicy.” Select the SNS topic as the EventBridge rule target.

Activate AWS Config and add the cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled rule. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the event type “Config Rules Re-evaluation Status” with a filter for “NON_COMPLIANT.” Select the SNS topic as the EventBridge rule target.

Question 10

A company has a few AWS accounts for development and wants to move its production application to AWS. The company needs to enforce Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) encryption at rest current production accounts and future production accounts only. The company needs a solution that includes built-in blueprints and guardrails.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy AWS Config rules on production accounts.

Create a new AWS Control Tower landing zone in an existing developer account. Create OUs for accounts. Add production and development accounts to production and development OUs, respectively.

Create a new AWS Control Tower landing zone in the company’s management account. Addproduction and development accounts to production and development OUs. respectively.

Invite existing accounts to join the organization in AWS Organizations. Create SCPs to ensure compliance.

Create a guardrail from the management account to detect EBS encryption.

Create a guardrail for the production OU to detect EBS encryption.

Question 11

A company is building an application on Amazon EMR to analyze data. The following user groups need to perform different actions:

• Administrator: Provision EMR clusters from different configurations.

• Data engineer: Create an EMR cluster from a small set of available configurations. Run ETL scripts to process data.

• Data analyst: Create an EMR cluster with a specific configuration. Run SQL queries and Apache Hive queries on the data.

A solutions architect must design a solution that gives each group the ability to launch only its authorized EMR configurations. The solution must provide the groups with least privilege access to only the resources that they need. The solution also must provide tagging for all resources that the groups create.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Service Catalog to control the Amazon EMR versions available for deployment, the cluster configurations, and the permissions for each user group.

Configure Kerberos-based authentication for EMR clusters when the EMR clusters launch. Specify a Kerberos security configuration and cluster-specific Kerberos options.

Create IAM roles for each user group. Attach policies to the roles to define allowed actions for users. Create an AWS Config rule to check for noncompliant resources. Configure the rule to notify the company to address noncompliant resources.

Use AWS CloudFormation to launch EMR clusters with attached resource policies. Create an AWS Config rule to check for noncompliant resources. Configure the rule to notify the company to address noncompliant resources.

Question 12

A company is planning a large event where a promotional offer will be introduced. The company's website is hosted on AWS and backed by an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. The website explains the promotion and includes a sign-up page that collects user information andpreferences. Management expects large and unpredictable volumes of traffic periodically, which will create many database writes. A solutions architect needs to build a solution that does not change the underlying data model and ensures that submissions are not dropped before they are committed to the database.

Which solutions meets these requirements?

Options:

Immediately before the event, scale up the existing DB instance to meet the anticipated demand. Then scale down after the event.

Use Amazon SQS to decouple the application and database layers. Configure an AWS Lambda function to write items from the queue into the database.

Migrate to Amazon DynamoDB and manage throughput capacity with automatic scaling.

Use Amazon ElastiCache (Memcached) to increase write capacity to the DB instance.

Question 13

A company runs AWS workloads that are integrated with software as a service (SaaS) applications. The company needs to analyze the SaaS applications to identify unused licenses. Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS License Manager automated discovery to retrieve audit logs from the SaaS applications. Use Amazon Athena to analyze the data and to identify unused SaaS licenses.

Create an AWS Lambda function to retrieve audit logs from the SaaS applications and to store the data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon EMR to analyze the data and to identify unused SaaS licenses.

Use AWS AppFabric to ingest audit logs from the SaaS applications into Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to analyze the data and to identify unused SaaS licenses.

Use AWS App Runner to ingest audit logs from the SaaS applications into Amazon S3. Use Amazon EMR to analyze the data and to identify unused SaaS licenses.

Question 14

A company has an application that generates reports and stores them in an Amazon S3 bucket When a user accesses their report, the application generates a signed URL to allow the user to download the report. The company's security team has discovered that the files are public and that anyone can download them without authentication The company has suspended the generation of new reports until the problem is resolved.

Which set of actions will immediately remediate the security issue without impacting the application's normal workflow?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function that applies a deny all policy for users who are not authenticated. Create a scheduled event to invoke the Lambda function

Review the AWS Trusted Advisor bucket permissions check and implement the recommended actions.

Run a script that puts a private ACL on all of the objects in the bucket.

Use the Block Public Access feature in Amazon S3 to set the IgnorePublicAcls option to TRUE on the bucket.

Question 15

A company is deploying a new cluster for big data analytics on AWS. The cluster will run across many Linux Amazon EC2 instances that are spread across multiple Availability Zones.

All of the nodes in the cluster must have read and write access to common underlying file storage. The file storage must be highly available, must be resilient, must be compatible with the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX). and must accommodate high levels of throughput.

Which storage solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway NFS file share that is attached to an Amazon S3 bucket. Mount the NFS file share on each EC2 instance in the duster.

Provision a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that uses General Purpose performance mode. Mount the EFS file system on each EC2 instance in the cluster.

Provision a new Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume that uses the io2 volume type. Attach the EBS volume to all of the EC2 instances in the cluster.

Provision a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that uses Max I/O performance mode. Mount the EFS file system on each EC2 instance in the cluster.

Question 16

A company creates an Amazon API Gateway API and shares the API with an external development team. The API uses AWS Lambda functions and is deployed to a stage that is named Production.

The external development team is the sole consumer of the API. The API experiences sudden increases of usage at specific times, leading to concerns about increased costs. The company needs to limit cost and usage without reworking the Lambda functions.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectivery?

Options:

Configure the API to send requests to Amazon SQS queues instead of directly to the Lambda functions. Update the Lambda functions to consume messages from the queues and to process the requests. Set up the queues to invoke the Lambda functions when new messages arrive.

Configure provisioned concurrency for each Lambda function. Use AWS Application Auto Scaling to register the Lambda functions as targets. Set up scaling schedules to increase and decrease capacity to match changes in API usage.

Create an API Gateway API key and an AWS WAF Regional web ACL. Associate the web ACL with the Production stage. Add a rate-based rule to the web ACL. In the rule, specify the rate limit and a custom request aggregation that uses the X-API-Key header. Share the API key with the external development team.

Create an API Gateway API key and usage plan. Define throttling limits and quotas in the usage plan. Associate the usage plan with the Production stage and the API key. Share the API key with the external development team.

Question 17

A global media company is planning a multi-Region deployment of an application. Amazon DynamoDB global tables will back the deployment to keep the user experience consistent across the two continents where users are concentrated. Each deployment will have a public Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company manages public DNS internally. The company wants to make the application available through an apex domain.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?

Options:

Migrate public DNS to Amazon Route 53. Create CNAME records for the apex domain to point to the ALB. Use a geolocation routing policy to route traffic based on user location.

Place a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the ALB. Migrate public DNS to Amazon Route 53. Create a CNAME record for the apex domain to point to the NLB's static IP address. Use a geolocation routing policy to route traffic based on user location.

Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator with multiple endpoint groups that target endpoints in appropriate AWS Regions. Use the accelerator's static IP address to create a record in public DNS for the apex domain.

Create an Amazon API Gateway API that is backed by AWS Lambda in one of the AWS Regions. Configure a Lambda function to route traffic to application deployments by using the round robin method. Create CNAME records for the apex domain to point to the API's URL.

Question 18

A company hosts a metadata API on Amazon EC2 instances behind an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). Only internal applications that run on EC2 instances in separate AWS accounts need to access the metadata API. All the internal EC2 instances use NAT gateways.

A new policy requires that traffic between internal applications must not travel across the public internet.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Create an HTTP API in Amazon API Gateway. Configure a route for the metadata API. Configure a VPC link to the VPC that hosts the metadata API's EC2 instances. Update the API Gateway resource policy to include the account IDs of the internal applications that access the metadata API.

Create a REST API in Amazon API Gateway. Specify the API Gateway endpoint type as private. Associate the REST API with the metadata API's VPC. Create a gateway VPC endpoint for the REST API. Share the endpoint across accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM). Configure the internal applications to connect to the gateway VPC endpoint.

Create an internal ALB. Register the metadata API's EC2 instances with the internal ALB. Create an internal Network Load Balancer (NLB) that has a target group type of ALB. Register the internal ALB as the target. Configure an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service for the NLB. Grant the internal applications access to the metadata API through the PrivateLink endpoint.

Create an internal ALB. Register the metadata API's EC2 instances with the internal ALB. Configure an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service for the internal ALB. Grant the internal applications access to the metadata API through the PrivateLink endpoint.

Question 19

A company is running a web application in a VPC. The web application runs on a group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is using AWS WAF.

An external customer needs to connect to the web application. The company must provide IP addresses to all external customers.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Assign an Elastic IP address to the NLB.

Allocate an Elastic IP address. Assign the Elastic IP address to the ALProvide the Elastic IP address to the customer.

Create an AWS Global Accelerator standard accelerator. Specify the ALB as the accelerator's endpoint. Provide the accelerator's IP addresses to the customer.

Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Set the ALB as the origin. Ping the distribution's DNS name to determine the distribution's public IP address. Provide the IP address to the customer.

Question 20

A company is running a three-tier web application in an on-premises data center. The frontend is a PHP application that is served by an Apache web server. The middle tier is a monolithic Java SE application. The storage tier is a 60 TB PostgreSQL database.

The three-tier web application recently crashed and became unresponsive. The database also reached capacity because of read operations. The company wants to migrate to AWS to resolve these issues and improve scalability,

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Configure an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer to host the web server. Use Amazon EFS for the frontend static assets.

Host the static single-page application on Amazon S3. Use an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve the application.

Create a Docker container to run the Java SE application. Use AWS Fargate to host the container.

Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment for Java to host the Java SE application.

Migrate the PostgreSQL database to an Amazon EC2 instance that is larger than the on-premisesPostgreSQL database.

Use AWS DMS to replatform the PostgreSQL database to an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database. Use Aurora Auto Scaling for read replicas.

Question 21

An application is using an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance in the us-east-1 Region. After a failover test, the application lost the connections to the database and could not re-establish the connections. After a restart of the application, the application re-established the connections.

A solutions architect must implement a solution so that the application can re-establish connections to the database without requiring a restart.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v1 DB instance. Migrate the RDS DB instance to the Aurora Serverless v1 DB instance. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the Aurora reader endpoint.

Create an RDS proxy. Configure the existing RDS endpoint as a target. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the RDS proxy endpoint.

Create a two-node Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Migrate the RDS DB instance to the Aurora DB cluster. Create an RDS proxy. Configure the existing RDS endpoint as a target. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the RDS proxy endpoint.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Export the database to Amazon S3 by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Configure Amazon Athena to use the S3 bucket as a data store. Install the latest Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver for the application. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the Athena endpoint

Question 22

A company uses a Grafana data visualization solution that runs on a single Amazon EC2 instance to monitor the health of the company's AWS workloads. The company has invested time and effort to create dashboards that the company wants to preserve. The dashboards need to be highly available and cannot be down for longer than 10 minutes. The company needs to minimize ongoing maintenance.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Migrate to Amazon CloudWatch dashboards. Recreate the dashboards to match the existing Grafana dashboards. Use automatic dashboards where possible.

Create an Amazon Managed Grafana workspace. Configure a new Amazon CloudWatch data source. Export dashboards from the existing Grafana instance. Import the dashboards into the new workspace.

Create an AMI that has Grafana pre-installed. Store the existing dashboards in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). Create an Auto Scaling group that uses the new AMI. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum, desired, and maximum number of instances to one. Create an Application Load Balancer that serves at least two Availability Zones.

Configure AWS Backup to back up the EC2 instance that runs Grafana once each hour. Restore the EC2 instance from the most recent snapshot in an alternate Availability Zone when required.

Question 23

A company is running multiple workloads in the AWS Cloud. The company has separate units for software development. The company uses AWS Organizations and federation with SAML to give permissions to developers to manage resources in their AWS accounts. The development units each deploy their production workloads into a common production account.

Recently, an incident occurred in the production account in which members of a development unitterminated an EC2 instance that belonged to a different development unit. A solutions architect must create a solution that prevents a similar incident from happening in the future. The solution also must allow developers the possibility to manage the instances used for their workloads.

Which strategy will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create separate OUs in AWS Organizations for each development unit. Assign the created OUs to the company AWS accounts. Create separate SCPs with a deny action and a StringNotEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag that matches the development unit name. Assign the SCP to the corresponding OU.

Pass an attribute for DevelopmentUnit as an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) session tag during SAML federation. Update the IAM policy for the developers' assumed IAM role with a deny action and a StringNotEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and aws:PrincipalTag/ DevelopmentUnit.

Pass an attribute for DevelopmentUnit as an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) session tag during SAML federation. Create an SCP with an allow action and a StringEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and aws:PrincipalTag/DevelopmentUnit. Assign the SCP to the root OU.

Create separate IAM policies for each development unit. For every IAM policy, add an allow action and a StringEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and the development unit name. During SAML federation, use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) to assign the IAM policy and match the development unit name to the assumed IAM role.

Question 24

A video streaming company recently launched a mobile app for video sharing. The app uploads various files to an Amazon S3 bucket in the us-east-1 Region. The files range in size from 1 GB to 10 GB.

Users who access the app from Australia have experienced uploads that take long periods of time Sometimes the files fail to completely upload for these users . A solutions architect must improve the app' performance for these uploads

Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration on the S3 bucket Configure the app to use the Transfer Acceleration endpoint for uploads

Configure an S3 bucket in each Region to receive the uploads. Use S3 Cross-Region Replication to copy the files to the distribution S3 bucket.

Set up Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing to route the uploads to the nearest S3 bucket Region.

Configure the app to break the video files into chunks Use a multipart upload to transfer files to Amazon S3.

Modify the app to add random prefixes to the files before uploading

Question 25

A company is hosting a critical application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The application uses an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis single-node cluster for an in-memory data store. The application uses an Amazon RDS for MariaDB DB instance for a relational database. For the application to function, each piece of the infrastructure must be healthy and must be in an active state.

A solutions architect needs to improve the application's architecture so that the infrastructure can automatically recover from failure with the least possible downtime.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Use an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute traffic across multiple EC2 instances. Ensure that the EC2 instances are part of an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of two instances.

Use an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute traffic across multiple EC2 instances Ensure that the EC2 instances are configured in unlimited mode.

Modify the DB instance to create a read replica in the same Availability Zone. Promote the read replica to be the primary DB instance in failure scenarios.

Modify the DB instance to create a Multi-AZ deployment that extends across two Availability Zones.

Create a replication group for the ElastiCache for Redis cluster. Configure the cluster to use an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of two instances.

Create a replication group for the ElastiCache for Redis cluster. Enable Multi-AZ on the cluster.

Question 26

A company is migrating to AWS and needs to inventory physical and virtual servers, apps, and database relationships to properly rightsize and plan migration.

Options:

Use Migration Evaluator with Agentless Collector.

Use Migration Hub with Discovery Agent and Strategy Recommendations.

Use Migration Hub with Agentless Collector and Migration Service.

Use Migration Hub import tool.

Question 27

A company is running a data-intensive application on AWS. The application runs on a cluster of hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances. A shared file system also runs on several EC2 instances that store 200 TB of data. The application reads and modifies the data on the shared file system and generates a report. The job runs once monthly, reads a subset of the files from the shared file system, and takes about 72 hours to complete. The compute instances scale in an Auto Scaling group, but the instances that host the shared file system run continuously. The compute and storage instances are all in the same AWS Region.

A solutions architect needs to reduce costs by replacing the shared file system instances. The file system must provide high performance access to the needed data for the duration of the 72-hour run.

Which solution will provide the LARGEST overall cost reduction while meeting these requirements?

Options:

Migrate the data from the existing shared file system to an Amazon S3 bucket that uses the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class. Before the job runs each month, use Amazon FSx for Lustre to create a new file system with the data from Amazon S3 by using lazy loading. Use the new file system as the shared storage for the duration of the job. Delete the file system when the job is complete.

Migrate the data from the existing shared file system to a large Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume with Multi-Attach enabled. Attach the EBS volume to each of the instances by using a user data script in the Auto Scaling group launch template. Use the EBS volume as the shared storage for the duration of the job. Detach the EBS volume when the job is complete.

Migrate the data from the existing shared file system to an Amazon S3 bucket that uses the S3 Standard storage class. Before the job runs each month, use Amazon FSx for Lustre to create a new file system with the data from Amazon S3 by using batch loading. Use the new file system as the shared storage for the duration of the job. Delete the file system when the job is complete.

Migrate the data from the existing shared file system to an Amazon S3 bucket. Before the job runs each month, use AWS Storage Gateway to create a file gateway with the data from Amazon S3. Use the file gateway as the shared storage for the job. Delete the file gateway when the job is complete.

Question 28

An online survey company runs its application in the AWS Cloud. The application is distributed and consists of microservices that run in an automatically scaled Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The ECS cluster is a target for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is a custom origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution.

The company has a survey that contains sensitive data. The sensitive data must be encrypted when it moves through the application. The application's data-handling microservice is the only microservice that should be able to decrypt the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a symmetric AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a field-level encryption profile and a configuration. Associate the KMS key and the configuration with the CloudFront cache behavior.

Create an RSA key pair that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Upload the public key to the CloudFront distribution. Create a field-level encryption profile and a configuration. Add the configuration to the CloudFront cache behavior.

Create a symmetric AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a Lambda@Edge function. Program the function to use the KMS key to encrypt the sensitive data.

Create an RSA key pair that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a Lambda@Edge function. Program the function to use the private key of the RSA key pair to encrypt the sensitive data.

Question 29

A company's compliance audit reveals that some Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that were created in an AWS account were not encrypted. A solutions architect must Implement a solution to encrypt all new EBS volumes at rest

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST effort?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect the creation of unencrypted EBS volumes. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to delete noncompliant volumes.

Use AWS Audit Manager with data encryption.

Create an AWS Config rule to detect the creation of a new EBS volume. Encrypt the volume by using AWS Systems Manager Automation.

Turn in EBS encryption by default in all AWS Regions.

Question 30

A health insurance company stores personally identifiable information (PII) in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uses server-side encryption with S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) to encrypt the objects. According to a new requirement, all current and future objects in the S3 bucket must be encrypted by keys that the company’s security team manages. The S3 bucket does not have versioning enabled.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to SSE-S3 with a customer managed key. Use the AWS CLI to re-upload all objects in the S3 bucket. Set an S3 bucket policy to deny unencrypted PutObject requests.

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS). Set an S3 bucket policy to deny unencrypted PutObject requests. Use the AWS CLI to re-upload all objects in the S3 bucket.

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS). Set an S3 bucket policy to automatically encrypt objects on GetObject and PutObject requests.

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to AES-256 with a customer managed key. Attach a policy to deny unencrypted PutObject requests to any entities that access the S3 bucket. Use the AWS CLI to re-upload all objects in the S3 bucket.

Question 31

A company is migrating its development and production workloads to a new organization in AWS Organizations. The company has created a separate member account for development and a separate member account for production. Consolidated billing is linked to the management account. In the management account, a solutions architect needs to create an 1AM user that can stop or terminate resources in both member accounts.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Create an IAM user and a cross-account role in the management account. Configure the cross-account role with least privilege access to the member accounts.

Create an IAM user in each member account. In the management account, create a cross-account role that has least privilege access. Grant the IAM users access to the cross-account role by using a trust policy.

Create an IAM user in the management account. In the member accounts, create an IAM group that has least privilege access. Add the IAM user from the management account to each IAM group in the member accounts.

Create an IAM user in the management account. In the member accounts, create cross-account roles that have least privilege access. Grant the IAM user access to the roles by using a trust policy.

Question 32

A company is planning to migrate workloads from its on-premises data center to Amazon EC2 instances. The workloads run on physical servers and VMware virtual servers. The company has gathered details about each on-premises server and virtual server, including server specification, CPU utilization, and memory utilization. The company has stored these details in a .csv file named onprem.csv.

Before the migration, the company must estimate the cost of running the servers on AWS and must determine recommended EC2 instance types for the servers. The company must export this information to a different .csv file.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Compute Optimizer to generate recommendations from an external source. Import the onprem.csv file. Export the Compute Optimizer recommendations to a new .csv file.

Import the onprem.csv file into AWS Migration Hub by using AWS Migration Hub import. Use EC2 instance recommendations from Migration Hub to generate recommendations. Export the recommendations to a new .csv file.

Deploy AWS Application Discovery Service Agentless Collector on premises. Use Agentless Collector to import the onprem.csv file. Send the file to AWS Migration Hub. Use EC2 instance recommendations from Migration Hub to generate recommendations. Export the recommendations to a new .csv file.

Upload the onprem.csv file to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure Migration Evaluator to import the data from the S3 bucket. Generate and confirm recommendations by using Migration Evaluator Quick Insights. Export the final recommendations to a new .csv file in the S3 bucket.

Question 33

An education company is running a web application used by college students around the world. The application runs in an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A system administrator detected a weekly spike in the number of failed logic attempts. Which overwhelm the application’s authentication service. All the failed login attempts originate from about 500 different IP addresses that change each week. A solutions architect must prevent the failed login attempts from overwhelming the authentication service.

Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to deny access from the IP addresses.

Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rate-based rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB.

Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to allow access only to specific CIDR ranges.

Create an AWS WAF web ACL with an IP set match rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB.

Question 34

A financial company needs to create a separate AWS account for a new digital wallet application. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage its accounts. A solutions architect uses the 1AM user Supportl from the management account to create a new member account with finance1@example.com as the email address.

What should the solutions architect do to create IAM users in the new member account?

Options:

Sign in to the AWS Management Console with AWS account root user credentials by using the 64-character password from the initial AWS Organizations email senttofinance1@example.com. Set up the IAM users as required.

From the management account, switch roles to assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role with the account ID of the new member account. Set up the IAM users as required.

Go to the AWS Management Console sign-in page. Choose "Sign in using root account credentials." Sign in in by using the email address finance1@example.com and the management account's root password. Set up the IAM users as required.

Go to the AWS Management Console sign-in page. Sign in by using the account ID of the new member account and the Supportl IAM credentials. Set up the IAM users as required.

Question 35

A company use an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company hosts some applications in a VPC in the company's snared services account. The company has attached a transit gateway to the VPC in the Shared services account.

The company is developing a new capability and has created a development environment that requires access to the applications that are in the snared services account. The company intends to delete and recreate resources frequently in the development account. The company also wants to give a development team the ability to recreate the team's connection to the shared services account as required.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a transit gateway in the development account. Create a transit gateway peering request to the shared services account. Configure the snared services transit gateway to automatically accept peering connections.

Turn on automate acceptance for the transit gateway in the shared services account. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the transit gateway resource in the shared services account with the development account. Accept the resource in tie development account. Create a transit gateway attachment in the development account.

Turn on automate acceptance for the transit gateway in the shared services account. Create a VPC endpoint. Use the endpoint policy to grant permissions on the VPC endpoint for the development account. Configure the endpoint service to automatically accept connection requests. Provide the endpoint details to the development team.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that accepts the transit gateway attachment value the development account makes an attachment request. Use AWS Network Manager to store. The transit gateway in the shared services account with the development account. Accept the transit gateway in the development account.

Question 36

A data analytics company has an Amazon Redshift cluster that consists of several reserved nodes. The cluster is experiencing unexpected bursts of usage because a team of employees is compiling a deep audit analysis report. The queries to generate the report are complex read queries and are CPU intensive.

Business requirements dictate that the cluster must be able to service read and write queries at all times. A solutions architect must devise a solution that accommodates the bursts of usage.

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Provision an Amazon EMR cluster. Offload the complex data processing tasks.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using a classic resize operation when the cluster's CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using an elastic resize operation when the cluster's CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.

Turn on the Concurrency Scaling feature for the Amazon Redshift cluster.

Question 37

A company is storing data on premises on a Windows file server. The company produces 5 GB of new data daily.

The company migrated part of its Windows-based workload to AWS and needs the data to be available on a file system in the cloud. The company already has established an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises network and AWS.

Which data migration strategy should the company use?

Options:

Use the file gateway option in AWS Storage Gateway to replace the existing Windows file server, and point the existing file share to the new file gateway.

Use AWS DataSync to schedule a daily task to replicate data between the on-premises Windows file server and Amazon FSx.

Use AWS Data Pipeline to schedule a daily task to replicate data between the on-premises Windows file server and Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS).

Use AWS DataSync to schedule a daily task lo replicate data between the on-premises Windows file server and Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS),

Question 38

A solutions architect needs to advise a company on how to migrate its on-premises data processing application to the AWS Cloud. Currently, users upload input files through a web portal. The web server then stores the uploaded files on NAS and messages the processing server over a message queue. Each media file can take up to 1 hour to process. The company has determined that the number of media files awaiting processing is significantly higher during business hours, with the number of files rapidly declining after business hours.

What is the MOST cost-effective migration recommendation?

Options:

Create a queue using Amazon SQS. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. When there are messages in the queue, invoke an AWS Lambda function to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Store the processed files in an Amazon S3 bucket.

Create a queue using Amazon M. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. When there are messages in the queue, create a new Amazon EC2 instance to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Store the processed files in Amazon EFS. Shut down the EC2 instance after the task is complete.

Create a queue using Amazon MO. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. When there are messages in the queue, invoke an AWS Lambda function to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Store the processed files in Amazon EFS.

Create a queue using Amazon SOS. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. Use Amazon EC2 instances in an EC2 Auto Scaling group to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Scale the EC2 instances based on the SOS queue length. Store the processed files in an Amazon S3 bucket.

Question 39

A delivery company needs to migrate its third-party route planning application to AWS. The third party supplies a supported Docker image from a public registry. The image can run in as many containers as required to generate the route map.

The company has divided the delivery area into sections with supply hubs so that delivery drivers travel the shortest distance possible from the hubs to the customers. To reduce the time necessary to generate route maps, each section uses its own set of Docker containers with a custom configuration that processes orders only in the section's area.

The company needs the ability to allocate resources cost-effectively based on the number of running containers.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster on Amazon EC2. Use the Amazon EKS CLI to launch the planning application in pods by using the -tags option to assign a custom tag to the pod.

Create an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster on AWS Fargate. Use the Amazon EKS CLI to launch the planning application. Use the AWS CLI tag-resource API call to assign a custom tag to the pod.

Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster on Amazon EC2. Use the AWS CLI with run-tasks set to true to launch the planning application by using the -tags option to assign a custom tag to the task.

Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster on AWS Fargate. Use the AWS CLI run-task command and set enableECSManagedTags to true to launch the planning application. Use the --tags option to assign a custom tag to the task.

Question 40

A company has a web application that securely uploads pictures and videos to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company requires that only authenticated users are allowed to post content. The application generates a presigned URL that is used to upload objects through a browser interface. Most users are reporting slow upload times for objects larger than 100 MB.

What can a Solutions Architect do to improve the performance of these uploads while ensuring only authenticated users are allowed to post content?

Options:

Set up an Amazon API Gateway with an edge-optimized API endpoint that has a resource as an S3 service proxy. Configure the PUT method for this resource to expose the S3 PutObject operation. Secure the API Gateway using a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer. Have the browser interface use API Gateway instead of the presigned URL to upload objects.

Set up an Amazon API Gateway with a regional API endpoint that has a resource as an S3 service proxy. Configure the PUT method for this resource to expose the S3 PutObject operation. Secure the API Gateway using an AWS Lambda authorizer. Have the browser interface use API Gateway instead of the presigned URL to upload API objects.

Enable an S3 Transfer Acceleration endpoint on the S3 bucket. Use the endpoint when generating the presigned URL. Have the browser interface upload the objects to this URL using the S3 multipart upload API.

Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the destination S3 bucket. Enable PUT and POST methods for the CloudFront cache behavior. Update the CloudFront origin to use an origin access identity (OAI). Give the OAI user s3:PutObject permissions in the bucket policy. Have the browser interface upload objects using the CloudFront distribution

Question 41

A company needs to implement a disaster recovery (DR) plan for a web application. The application runs in a single AWS Region.

The application uses microservices that run in containers. The containers are hosted on AWS Fargate in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The application has an Amazon RDS for MYSQL DB instance as its data layer and uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS resolution. An Amazon CloudWatch alarm invokes an

Amazon EventBridge rule if the application experiences a failure.

A solutions architect must design a DR solution to provide application recovery to a separate Region. The solution must minimize the time that is necessary to recover

from a failure.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Create an AWS Lambda function to perform the following actions: take asnapshot of the ROS DB instance. copy the snapshot to the separate Region. create a new RDS DB instance frorn the snapshot, and update Route 53 toroute traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Create an AWS Lambda function that creates a second ECS cluster and ECS service in the separate Region. Configure the Lambda function to perform thefollowing actions: take a snapshot of thQRDS DB instance, copy the snapshot to the separate Region. create a new RDS DB instance from the snapshot.and update Route 53 to route traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Create a cross-Region read replica of the RDS DB instance in theseparate Region. Create an AWS Lambda function to prornote the read replica to the primary database. Configure the Lambda function to update Route 53to route traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Take a snapshot of the ROS DB instance. Convert the snapshot to anAmazon DynamoDB global table. Create an AWS Lambda function to update Route 53 to route traffic to the second ECS cluster Update the EventBridgerule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Question 42

A company wants to establish a dedicated connection between its on-premises infrastructure and AWS. The company is setting up a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to its account VPC. The architecture includes a transit gateway and a Direct Connect gateway to connect multiple VPCs and the on-premises infrastructure.

The company must connect to VPC resources over a transit VIF by using the Direct Connect connection.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Update the 1 Gbps Direct Connect connection to 10 Gbps.

Advertise the on-premises network prefixes over the transit VIF.

Adverse the VPC prefixes from the Direct Connect gateway to the on-premises network over the transit VIF.

Update the Direct Connect connection's MACsec encryption mode attribute to must encrypt.

Associate a MACsec Connection Key Name-Connectivity Association Key (CKN/CAK) pair with the Direct Connect connection.

Question 43

A company has automated the nightly retraining of its machine learning models by using AWS Step Functions. The workflow consists of multiple steps that use AWS Lambda Each step can fail for various reasons and any failure causes a failure of the overall workflow

A review reveals that the retraining has failed multiple nights in a row without the company noticing the failure A solutions architect needs to improve the workflow so that notifications are sent for all types of failures in the retraining process

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE)

Options:

Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic with a subscription of type "Email" that targets the team's mailing list.

Create a task named "Email" that forwards the input arguments to the SNS topic

Add a Catch field all Task Map. and Parallel states that have a statement of "Error Equals": [ “States. ALL”] and "Next": "Email".

Add a new email address to Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES). Verify the email address.

Create a task named "Email" that forwards the input arguments to the SES email address

Add a Catch field to all Task Map, and Parallel states that have a statement of "Error Equals": [ "states. Runtime”] and "Next": "Email".

Question 44

A company has accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization has all features enabled. The company stores secrets in AWS Secrets Manager in a central AWS account (Account A). The secrets have resource policies that allow read-only access to 1AM roles in an account outside the organization (Account B). A few privileged users in accounts in the organization have access to the secrets by using 1AM roles.

Because of a security incident, the company needs to revoke all access to the secrets in Account A.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an SCP to explicitly deny the secretsmanager:GetSecretValue action for all resources. Attach the SCP to Account A.

Modify the resource policies of the secrets in Account A to explicitly deny the secretsmanagenGetSecretValue action to all principals.

Deploy a VPC endpoint for Secrets Manager in Account A. Update the VPC endpoint policy to explicitly deny the secretsmanagenGetSecretValue action to all principals.

Modify the 1AM role inline policies in Account B to explicitly deny the secretsmanager:GetSecretValue action for all secrets in Account A.

Question 45

A company runs many workloads on AWS and uses AWS Organizations to manage its accounts. The workloads are hosted on Amazon EC2. AWS Fargate. and AWS Lambda. Some of the workloads have unpredictable demand. Accounts record high usage in some months and low usage in other months.

The company wants to optimize its compute costs over the next 3 years A solutions architect obtains a 6-month average for each of the accounts across the organization to calculate usage.

Which solution will provide the MOST cost savings for all the organization's compute usage?

Options:

Purchase Reserved Instances for the organization to match the size and number of the most common EC2 instances from the member accounts.

Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for the organization from the management account by using the recommendation at the management account level

Purchase Reserved Instances for each member account that had high EC2 usage according to the data from the last 6 months.

Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for each member account from the management account based on EC2 usage data from the last 6 months.

Question 46

A company needs to migrate its on-premises database fleet to Amazon RDS. The company is currently using a mixture of Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle databases. Some of the databases have custom schemas and stored procedures.

Which combination of steps should the company take for the migration? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use Migration Evaluator Quick Insights to analyze the source databases and to identify the stored procedures that need to be migrated.

Use AWS Application Migration Service to analyze the source databases and to identify the stored procedures that need to be migrated.

Use AWS SCT to analyze the source databases for changes that are required.

Use AWS DM5 to migrate the source databases to Amazon RD5.

Use AWS DataSync to migrate the data from the source databases to Amazon RDS.

Question 47

A company operates an on-premises software-as-a-service (SaaS) solution that ingests several files daily. The company provides multiple public SFTP endpoints to its customers to facilitate the file transfers. The customers add the SFTP endpoint IP addresses to their firewall allow list for outbound traffic. Changes to the SFTP endmost IP addresses are not permitted.

The company wants to migrate the SaaS solution to AWS and decrease the operational overhead of the file transfer service.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Register the customer-owned block of IP addresses in the company's AWS account. Create Elastic IP addresses from the address pool and assign them to an AWS Transfer for SFTP endpoint. Use AWS Transfer to store the files in Amazon S3.

Add a subnet containing the customer-owned block of IP addresses to a VPC Create Elastic IP addresses from the address pool and assign them to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Launch EC2 instances hosting FTP services in an Auto Scaling group behind the ALB. Store the files in attached Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes.

Register the customer-owned block of IP addresses with Amazon Route 53. Create alias records in Route 53 that point to a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Launch EC2 instances hosting FTP services in an Auto Scaling group behind the NLB. Store the files in Amazon S3.

Register the customer-owned block of IP addresses in the company's AWS account. Create Elastic IP addresses from the address pool and assign them to an Amazon S3 VPC endpoint. Enable SFTP support on the S3 bucket.

Question 48

A company has many AWS accounts and uses AWS Organizations to manage all of them. A solutions architect must implement a solution that the company can use to share a common network across multiple accounts.

The company's infrastructure team has a dedicated infrastructure account that has a VPC. The infrastructure team must use this account to manage the network. Individual accounts cannot have the ability to manage their own networks. However, individual accounts must be able to create AWS resources within subnets.

Which combination of actions should the solutions architect perform to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create a transit gateway in the infrastructure account.

Enable resource sharing from the AWS Organizations management account.

Create VPCs in each AWS account within the organization in AWS Organizations. Configure the VPCs to share the same CIDR range and subnets as the VPC in the infrastructure account. Peer the VPCs in each individual account with the VPC in the infrastructure account,

Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager in the infrastructure account. Select the specific AWS Organizations OU that will use the shared network. Select each subnet to associate with the resource share.

Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager in the infrastructure account. Select the specific AWS Organizations OU that will use the shared network. Select each prefix list to associate with the resource share.

Question 49

A company has 20 accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The accounts are in two OUs: development and production. Multiple teams use the development accounts.

The company wants to control the cost that is associated with the development accounts. The company needs a solution that provides a notification when the forecasted monthly cost for all development accounts exceeds a threshold.

A solutions architect creates an Amazon SNS topic and subscribes an email address to the topic.

What should the solutions architect do next to meet the notification requirement with the LEAST configuration effort?

Options:

Enable Amazon CloudWatch billing alerts in the organization's management account. Create a CloudWatch billing alarm by configuring the EstimatedCharges metric for each development account as a linked account. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts when the EstimatedCharges metric value exceeds the threshold.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report in the organization's management account. Configure report delivery to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an AWS Glue job to extract the report data into Amazon Athena. Configure AWS Step Functions to analyze the consolidated cost of all the development accounts. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts when the cost exceeds the threshold.

Use AWS Budgets to create a cost budget in the organization's management account. Configure each development account as a linked account. Configure an alert threshold. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts.

Enable AWS Cost Explorer in the organization's management account. Configure each development account as a linked account. Configure an alert threshold. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts.

Question 50

A retail company has structured its AWS accounts to be part of an organization in AWS Organizations. The company has set up consolidated billing and has mapped its departments to the following OUs: Finance. Sales. Human Resources

The HR department is releasing a new system thai will launch in 3 months. In preparation, the HR department has purchased several Reserved Instances (RIs) in its production AWS account. The HR department will install the new application on this account. The HR department wants to make sure that other departments cannot share the Rl discounts.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

In the AWS Billing and Cost Management console for the HR department's production account, turn off R1 sharing.

Remove the HR department's production AWS account from the organization. Add the account to the consolidating billing configuration only.

In the AWS Billing and Cost Management console, use the organization's management account to turn off R1 sharing for the HR department's production AWS account.

Create an SCP in the organization to restrict access to the RIs. Apply the SCP to the OUs of the other departments.

Question 51

A company is using multiple AWS accounts The DNS records are stored in a private hosted zone for Amazon Route 53 in Account A The company's applications and databases are running in Account B.

A solutions architect win deploy a two-net application In a new VPC To simplify the configuration, the db.example com CNAME record set tor the Amazon RDS endpoint was created in a private hosted zone for Amazon Route 53.

During deployment, the application failed to start. Troubleshooting revealed that db.example com is not resolvable on the Amazon EC2 instance The solutions architect confirmed that the record set was created correctly in Route 53.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to resolve this issue? (Select TWO )

Options:

Deploy the database on a separate EC2 instance in the new VPC Create a record set for the instance's private IP in the private hosted zone

Use SSH to connect to the application tier EC2 instance Add an RDS endpoint IP address to the /eto/resolv.conf file

Create an authorization lo associate the private hosted zone in Account A with the new VPC In Account B

Create a private hosted zone for the example.com domain m Account B Configure Route 53 replication between AWS accounts

Associate a new VPC in Account B with a hosted zone in Account A. Delete the association authorization In Account A.

Question 52

A company completed a successful Amazon Workspaces proof of concept. They now want to make Workspaceshighly available across two AWS Regions. Workspaces are deployed in the failover Region. A hosted zone is available in Amazon Route 53.

What should the solutions architect do?

Options:

Create a connection alias in the primary Region and in the failover Region. Associate each with a directory in its Region. Create a Route 53 failover routing policy with Evaluate Target Health = Yes.

Create a connection alias in both Regions. Associate both with a directory in the primary Region. Use a Route 53 multivalue answer routing policy.

Create a connection alias in the primary Region. Associate with the directory in the primary Region. Use Route 53 weighted routing.

Create a connection alias in the primary Region. Associate it with the directory in the failover Region. Use Route 53 failover routing with Evaluate Target Health = Yes.

Question 53

A company's solutions architect is reviewing a new internally developed application in a sandbox AWS account The application uses an AWS Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances that have an IAM instance profile attached Part of the application logic creates and accesses secrets from AWS Secrets Manager The company has an AWS Lambda function that calls the application API to test the functionality The company also has created an AWS CloudTrail trail in the account

The application's developer has attached the SecretsManagerReadWnte AWS managed IAM policy to an IAM role The IAM role is associated with the instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances The solutions architect has invoked the Lambda function for testing

The solutions architect must replace the SecretsManagerReadWnte policy with a new policy that provides least privilege access to the Secrets Manager actions that the application requires

What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

Generate a policy based on CloudTrail events for the IAM role Use the generated policy output to create a new IAM policy Use the newly generated IAM policy to replace the SecretsManagerReadWnte policy that is attached to the IAM role

Create an analyzer in AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer Use the IAM role's Access Advisor findings to create a new IAM policy Use the newly created IAM policy to replace the SecretsManagerReadWnte policy that is attached to the IAM role

Use the aws cloudtrail lookup-events AWS CLI command to filter and export CloudTrail events that are related to Secrets Manager Use a new IAM policy that contains the actions from CloudTrail to replace the SecretsManagerReadWnte policy that is attached to the IAM role

Use the IAM policy simulator to generate an IAM policy for the IAM role Use the newly generated IAM policy to replace the SecretsManagerReadWnte policy that is attached to the IAM role

Question 54

An online retail company is migrating its legacy on-premises .NET application to AWS. The application runs on load-balanced frontend web servers, load-balanced application servers, and a Microsoft SQL Server database.

The company wants to use AWS managed services where possible and does not want to rewrite the application. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to resolve scaling issues and minimize licensing costs as the application scales.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancerfor the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with Babelfish turned on to replatform the SOL Server database.

Create images of all the servers by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Deploy Amazon EC2 instances that are based on the on-premises imports. Deploy the instances in an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon DynamoDB as the database tier.

Containerize the web frontend tier and the application tier. Provision an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Create an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon RDS for SOL Server to host the database.

Separate the application functions into AWS Lambda functions. Use Amazon API Gateway for the web frontend tier and the application tier. Migrate the data to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the data.

Question 55

A company has deployed an application on AWS Elastic Beanstalk. The application uses Amazon Aurora for the database layer. An Amazon CloudFront distribution serves web requests and includes the Elastic Beanstalk domain name as the origin server. The distribution is configured with an alternate domain name that visitors use when they access the application.

Each week, the company takes the application out of service for routine maintenance. During the time that the application is unavailable, the company wants visitors to receive an informational message instead of a CloudFront error message.

A solutions architect creates an Amazon S3 bucket as the first step in the process.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take next to meet the requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Upload static informational content to the S3 bucket.

Create a new CloudFront distribution. Set the S3 bucket as the origin.

Set the S3 bucket as a second origin in the original CloudFront distribution. Configure the distribution and the S3 bucket to use an origin access identity (OAI).

During the weekly maintenance, edit the default cache behavior to use the S3 origin. Revert the change when the maintenance is complete.

During the weekly maintenance, create a cache behavior for the S3 origin on the new distribution. Set the path pattern to \ Set the precedence to 0. Delete the cache behavior when the maintenance is complete.

During the weekly maintenance, configure Elastic Beanstalk to serve traffic from the S3 bucket.

Question 56

A company operates a fleet of servers on premises and operates a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in its organization in AWS Organizations. The company's AWS accounts contain hundreds of VPCs. The company wants to connect its AWS accounts to its on-premises network. AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections are already established to a single AWS account. The company wants to control which VPCs can communicate with other VPCs.

Which combination of steps will achieve this level of control with the LEAST operational effort? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a transit gateway in an AWS account. Share the transit gateway across accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM).

Configure attachments to all VPCs and VPNs.

Set up transit gateway route tables. Associate the VPCs and VPNs with the route tables.

Configure VPC peering between the VPCs.

Configure attachments between the VPCs and VPNs.

Set up route tables on the VPCs and VPNs.

Question 57

A company has loT sensors that monitor traffic patterns throughout a large city. The company wants to read and collect data from the sensors and perform aggregations on the data.

A solutions architect designs a solution in which the loT devices are streaming to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Several applications are reading from the stream. However, several consumers are experiencing throttling and are periodically and are periodically encountering a RealProvisioned Throughput Exceeded error.

Which actions should the solution architect take to resolve this issue? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Reshard the stream to increase the number of shards s in the stream.

Use the Kinesis Producer Library KPL). Adjust the polling frequency.

Use consumers with the enhanced fan-out feature.

Reshard the stream to reduce the number of shards in the stream.

Use an error retry and exponential backoff mechanism in the consumer logic.

Configure the stream to use dynamic partitioning.

Question 58

A company provides auction services for artwork and has users across North America and Europe. The company hosts its application in Amazon EC2 instances in the us-east-1 Region. Artists upload photos of their work as large-size, high-resolution image files from their mobile phones to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket created in the us-east-l Region. The users in Europe are reporting slow performance for their Image uploads.

How can a solutions architect improve the performance of the image upload process?

Options:

Redeploy the application to use S3 multipart uploads.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and point to the application as a custom origin

Configure the buckets to use S3 Transfer Acceleration.

Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances and create a scaling policy.

Question 59

A solutions architect wants to cost-optimize and appropriately size Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS account. The solutions architect wants to ensure that the instances are optimized based on CPU, memory, and network metrics.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Purchase AWS Business Support or AWS Enterprise Support for the account.

Turn on AWS Trusted Advisor and review any “Low Utilization Amazon EC2 Instances” recommendations.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent and configure memory metric collection on the EC2 instances.

Configure AWS Compute Optimizer in the AWS account to receive findings and optimization recommendations.

Create an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the AWS Regions, instance families, and operating systems of interest.

Answer:

B, D

Explanation:

AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides real-time guidance to help users provision their resources following AWS best practices1. One of the Trusted Advisor checks is “Low Utilization Amazon EC2 Instances”, which identifies EC2 instances that appear to be underutilized based on CPU, network I/O, and disk I/O metrics1. This check can help users optimize the cost and size of their EC2 instances by recommending smaller or more appropriate instance types.

AWS Compute Optimizer is a service that analyzes the configuration and utilization metrics of AWS resources and generates optimization recommendations to reduce the costand improve the performance of workloads2. Compute Optimizer supports four types of AWS resources: EC2 instances, EBS volumes, ECS services on AWSFargate, and Lambdafunctions2. For EC2 instances, Compute Optimizer evaluates the vCPUs, memory, storage, and other specifications, as well as the CPU utilization, network in and out, disk read and write, and other utilization metrics of currently running instances3. It then recommends optimal instance types based on price-performance trade-offs.

Option A is incorrect because purchasing AWS Business Support or AWS Enterprise Support for the account will not directly help with cost-optimization and sizing of EC2 instances. However, these support plans do provide access to more Trusted Advisor checks than the basic support plan1.

Option C is incorrect because installing the Amazon CloudWatch agent and configuring memory metric collection on the EC2 instances will not provide any optimization recommendations by itself. However, memory metrics can be used by Compute Optimizer to enhance its recommendations if enabled3.

Option E is incorrect because creating an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the AWS Regions, instance families, and operating systems of interest will not help with cost-optimization and sizing of EC2 instances. Savings Plans are a flexible pricing model that offer lower prices on Amazon EC2 usage in exchange for a commitment to a consistent amount of usage for a 1- or 3-year term4. Savings Plans do not affect the configuration or utilization of EC2 instances.

Question 60

A company plans to migrate a three-tiered web application from an on-premises data center to AWS The company developed the Ui by using server-side JavaScript libraries The business logic and API tier uses a Python-based web framework The data tier runs on a MySQL database

The company custom built the application to meet business requirements The company does not want to re-architect the application The company needs a solution to replatform the application to AWS with the least possible amount of development The solution needs to be highly available and must reduce operational overhead

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Deploy the UI to a static website on Amazon S3 Use Amazon CloudFront to deliver the website Build the business logic in a Docker image Store the image in AmazonElastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Fargate launch type to host the website with an Application Load Balancer in front Deploy the data layer to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster

Build the UI and business logic in Docker images Store the images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Fargate launch type to host the UI and business logic applications with an Application LoadBalancer in front Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance

Deploy the UI to a static website on Amazon S3 Use Amazon CloudFront to deliver the website Convert the business logic to AWS Lambda functions Integrate the functions with Amazon API Gateway Deploy the data layer to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster

Build the UI and business logic in Docker images Store the images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) Use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service(Amazon EKS) with Fargate profiles to host the UI and business logic Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data layer to Amazon DynamoDB

Question 61

A company has multiple business units that each have separate accounts on AWS. Each business unit manages its own network with several VPCs that have CIDR ranges that overlap. The company’s marketing team has created a new internal application and wants to make the application accessible to all the other business units. The solution must use private IP addresses only.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Instruct each business unit to add a unique secondary CIDR range to the business unit's VPC. Peer the VPCs and use a private NAT gateway in the secondary range to route traffic to the marketing team.

Create an Amazon EC2 instance to serve as a virtual appliance in the marketing account's VPC. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the marketing team and each business unit's VPC. Perform NAT where necessary.

Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service to share the marketing application. Grant permission to specific AWS accounts to connect to the service. Create interface VPC endpoints in other accounts to access the application by using private IP addresses.

Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the marketing application in a private subnet. Create an API Gateway API. Use the Amazon API Gateway private integration to connect the API to the NLB. Activate IAM authorization for the API. Grant access to the accounts of the other business units.

Question 62

A financial services company loaded millions of historical stock trades into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The table uses on-demand capacity mode. Once each day at midnight, a few million new records are loaded into the table. Application read activity against the table happens in bursts throughout the day. and a limited set of keys are repeatedly looked up. The company needs to reduce costs associated with DynamoDB.

Which strategy should a solutions architect recommend to meet this requirement?

Options:

Deploy an Amazon ElastiCache cluster in front of the DynamoDB table.

Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Configure DynamoDB auto scaling. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer

Use provisioned capacity mode. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer.

Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Use provisioned capacity mode. Configure DynamoDB auto scaling.

Question 63

A company collects air quality data from sensors. The company plans to use the MQTT protocol to send the data to AWS IoT Core. The company will process the data and then will store the data in an Amazon Aurora database.

During periods of low air quality, sensors will send data more frequently. The company must buffer the data during these periods to make sure that no data is lost before the data is processed and stored.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the data stream as the target. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that is invoked by the data stream. Use the state machine to process and store the data.

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the data stream as the target. Create an application that runs on an Amazon ECS cluster with the AWS Fargate launch type. Configure the application to read data from the data stream, process the data, and store the data.

Create an Amazon SQS queue. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the SQS queue as the target. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that is invoked by the SQS queue. Use the state machine to process and store the data.

Create an Amazon SNS topic. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the SNS topic as the target. Create an application that runs on an Amazon ECS cluster with the AWS Fargate launch type. Configure the application to read data from the SNS topic, process the data, and store the data.

Question 64

A company with global offices has a single 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to a single AWS Region. The company's on-premises network uses the connection to communicate with the company's resources in the AWS Cloud. The connection has a single private virtual interface that connects to a single VPC.

A solutions architect must implement a solution that adds a redundant Direct Connect connection in the same Region. The solution also must provide connectivity to other Regions through the same pair of Direct Connect connections as the company expands into other Regions.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Provision a Direct Connect gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interlace on each connection, and connect both private victual interfaces to the Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to the single VPC.

Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new private virtual interface to the single VPC.

Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new public virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new public virtual interface to the single VPC.

Provision a transit gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the transit gateway. Associate the transit gateway with the single VPC.

Question 65

A company is using AWS CloudFormation as its deployment tool for all applications. It stages all application binaries and templates within Amazon S3 buckets with versioning enabled. Developers use an Amazon EC2 instance with IDE access to modify and test applications. The developers want to implement CI/CD with AWS CodePipeline with the following requirements:

Use AWS CodeCommit for source control.

Automate unit testing and security scanning.

Alert developers when unit tests fail.

Toggle application features and allow lead developer approval before deployment.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS CodeBuild for testing and scanning. Use EventBridge and SNS for alerts. Use AWS CDK with a manifest to toggle features. Use a manual approval stage.

Use Lambda for testing and alerts. Use AWS Amplify plugins for feature toggles. Use SES for manual approval.

Use Jenkins and SES for alerts. Use nested CloudFormation stacks for features. Use Lambda for approvals.

Use CodeDeploy for testing and scanning. Use CloudWatch alarms and SNS. Use Docker images for features and AWS CLI for toggles.

Question 66

A company is moving a business-critical, multi-tier application to AWS. The architecture consists of a desktop client application and server infrastructure. The server infrastructure resides in an on-premises data center that frequently fails to maintain the application uptime SLA of 99.95%. A solutions architect must re-architect the application to ensure that it can meet or exceed the SLA.

The application contains a PostgreSQL database running on a single virtual machine. The business logic and presentation layers are load balanced between multiple virtual machines. Remote users complain about slow load times while using this latency-sensitive application.

Which of the following will meet the availability requirements with little change to the application while improving user experience and minimizing costs?

Options:

Migrate the database to a PostgreSQL database in Amazon EC2. Host the application and presentation layers in automatically scaled Amazon ECS containers behind an Application Load Balancer. Allocate an Amazon WorkSpaces Workspace for each end user to improve the user experience.

Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS Aurora PostgreSQL configuration. Host the application and presentation layers in an Auto Scaling configuration on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Use Amazon AppStream 2.0 to improve the user experience.

Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS PostgreSQL Multi-AZ configuration. Host the application and presentation layers in automatically scaled AWS Fargate containers behind a Network Load Balancer. Use Amazon ElastiCache to improve the user experience.

Migrate the database to an Amazon Redshift cluster with at least two nodes. Combine and host the application and presentation layers in automatically scaled Amazon ECS containers behind an Application Load Balancer. Use Amazon CloudFront to improve the user experience.

Answer:

Explanation:

The application is business-critical with an SLA requirement of 99.95% uptime and is currently limited by an on-premises data center. The architecture includes a PostgreSQL database and separate business logic and presentation layers. Remote users experience high latency when accessing the application, which is latency-sensitive.

To meet or exceed a 99.95% SLA for the database while minimizing operational burden, a managed database service with built-in high availability is preferred. Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL-compatible editions provide high availability and durability by automatically replicating data across multiple Availability Zones in a Region. Aurora can offer higher availability and faster failover compared to self-managed databases on EC2, and offloads patching, backups, and maintenance.

For the application and presentation layers, running them on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer preserves the basic architecture (stateless application servers behind a load balancer) while moving to a managed, highly available environment that can scale out and in automatically based on demand. This results in minimal changes to the application components and provides improved resilience compared to on-premises VMs.

Remote users experience slow load times because their desktop clients connect over higher-latency networks to the on-premises servers. By using Amazon AppStream 2.0, the application can be streamed from AWS to end users. AppStream 2.0 runs the desktop application close to the backend database and application servers within AWS, and streams only the display and input over the network. This significantly reduces the effect of latency between the user and the application backend, improving user experience, especially for latency-sensitive desktop applications, without requiring major changes to the application itself.

Option A uses a PostgreSQL database on EC2, which requires the customer to manage availability, backups, patching, and failover. This does not provide the same managed high-availability guarantees as Aurora or RDS Multi-AZ. It also suggests allocating a full Amazon WorkSpaces desktop per user, which can be more expensive and more complex than streaming only the application via AppStream 2.0.

Option C uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL with Multi-AZ configuration, which provides high availability and is a valid managed option. However, it runs the application and presentation layers on Fargate containers behind a Network Load Balancer. NLB is typically used for TCP-level load balancing and is better suited for protocols that require low-level handling, whereas HTTP/HTTPS web applications are commonly placed behind an Application Load Balancer, which provides advanced HTTP routing features. Also, ElastiCache can reduce database load and improve response times but does not directly solve the end-user network latency issue in a desktop client scenario.

Option D is incorrect because Amazon Redshift is a data warehouse service, not an operational PostgreSQL-compatible database for transaction processing. It is not appropriate for hosting the application’s primary relational database. CloudFront accelerates delivery of static and cached web content, not interactive desktop client-server traffic.

Therefore, migrating the database to Aurora PostgreSQL, running the application and presentation layers on EC2 Auto Scaling behind an Application Load Balancer, and using Amazon AppStream 2.0 to deliver the application to remote users (option B) meets the availability requirements, improves user experience, requires relatively little change to the application architecture, and minimizes operational costs compared to more complex or less-managed alternatives.

[References:AWS documentation on Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL for highly available, managed relational databases.AWS documentation on Amazon AppStream 2.0 for streaming desktop applications from AWS to end users to improve performance and reduce latency., , ]

Question 67

A company has developed a mobile game. The backend for the game runs on several virtual machines located in an on-premises data center. The business logic is exposed using a REST API with multiple functions. Player session data is stored in central file storage. Backend services use different API keys for throttling and to distinguish between live and test traffic.

The load on the game backend varies throughout the day. During peak hours, the server capacity is not sufficient. There are also latency issues when fetching player session data. Management has asked a solutions architect to present a cloud architecture that can handle the game's varying load and provide low-latency data access. The API model should not be changed.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Implement the REST API using a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Run the business logic on an Amazon EC2 instance behind the NLB. Store player session data in Amazon Aurora Serverless.

Implement the REST API using an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity.

Implement the REST API using Amazon API Gateway. Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon DynamoDB with on- demand capacity.

Implement the REST API using AWS AppSync. Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon Aurora Serverless.

Question 68

A solutions architect is reviewing an application's resilience before launch. The application runs on an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed in a private subnet of a VPC.

The EC2 instance is provisioned by an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of I and a maximum capacity of I. The application stores data on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The VPC has subnets configured in three Availability Zones and is configured with a single NAT gateway.

The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution to ensure that the application will operate across multiple Availability Zones.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance to aMulti-AZ configuration. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across Availability Zones. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of theAuto Scaling group to 3.

Replace the NAT gateway with a virtual private gateway. Replace the RDS for MySQL DB instance with an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Configure theAuto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group to 3.

Replace the NAT gateway with a NAT instance. Migrate the RDS for MySQL DB instance to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. Launch a new EC2 instance in the other Availability Zones.

Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance toturn on automatic backups and retain the backups for 7 days. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Keeptheminimum capacity and the maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group at 1.

Question 69

A company is deploying a third-party web application on AWS. The application is packaged as a Docker image. The company has deployed the Docker image as an AWS

Fargate service in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). An Application Load Balancer (ALB) directs traffic to the application.

The company needs to give only a specific list of users the ability to access the application from the internet. The company cannot change the application and cannot integrate the application with an identity provider. All users must be authenticated through multi-factor authentication (MFA).

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a user pool in Amazon Cognito. Configure the pool for the application. Populate the pool with the required users. Configure the pool to require MFA.Configure a listener rule on the ALB to require authentication through the Amazon Cognito hosted UI.

Configure the users in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Attach a resource policy to the Fargate service to require users to use MFA. Configure alistener rule on the ALB to require authentication through IAM.

Configure the users in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Enable AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). Configure resource protection forthe ALB. Create a resource protection rule to require users to use MFA.

Create a user pool in AWS Amplify. Configure the pool for the application. Populate the pool with the required users. Configure the pool to require MFA.Configure a listener rule on the ALB to require authentication through the Amplify hosted UI.

Question 70

A company runs an ecommerce web application on AWS. The static website is hosted on Amazon S3 and served via Amazon CloudFront. API Gateway invokes AWS Lambda for order processing, and Lambda stores data in an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB cluster (On-Demand Instances).

Recently, SQL injection attacks and latency during peak times (cold starts) have been reported. The company wants to ensure scalability, protect against web exploits, and reduce database costs.

Options:

Increase Lambda timeout, use RDS Reserved Instances, and use AWS Shield Advanced

Increase Lambda memory, switch to Redshift, use Amazon Inspector

Use provisioned concurrency, switch to Aurora Serverless, use AWS Shield Advanced

Use provisioned concurrency, use RDS Reserved Instances, use AWS WAF with CloudFront

Question 71

A company that is developing a mobile game is making game assets available in two AWS Regions. Game assets are served from a set of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in each Region. The company requires game assets to be fetched from the closest Region. If game assess become unavailable in the closest Region, they should the fetched from the other Region.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirement?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Create an origin group with one origin for each ALB. Set one of the origins as primary.

Create an Amazon Route 53 health check tor each ALB. Create a Route 53 failover routing record pointing to the two ALBs. Set the Evaluate Target Health value Yes.

Create two Amazon CloudFront distributions, each with one ALB as the origin. Create an Amazon Route 53 failover routing record pointing to the two CloudFront distributions. Set the Evaluate Target Health value to Yes.

Create an Amazon Route 53 health check tor each ALB. Create a Route 53 latency alias record pointing to the two ALBs. Set the Evaluate Target Health value to Yes.

Question 72

A team of data scientists is using Amazon SageMaker instances and SageMaker APIs to train machine learning (ML) models. The SageMaker instances are deployed in a

VPC that does not have access to or from the internet. Datasets for ML model training are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. Interface VPC endpoints provide access to Amazon S3 and the SageMaker APIs.

Occasionally, the data scientists require access to the Python Package Index (PyPl) repository to update Python packages that they use as part of their workflow. A solutions architect must provide access to the PyPI repository while ensuring that the SageMaker instances remain isolated from the internet.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository for each package that the data scientists need to access. Configure code synchronization between the PyPl repositoryand the CodeCommit repository. Create a VPC endpoint for CodeCommit.

Create a NAT gateway in the VPC. Configure VPC routes to allow access to the internet with a network ACL that allows access to only the PyPl repositoryendpoint.

Create a NAT instance in the VPC. Configure VPC routes to allow access to the internet. Configure SageMaker notebook instance firewall rules that allow access to only the PyPI repository endpoint.

Create an AWS CodeArtifact domain and repository. Add an external connection for public:pypi to the CodeArtifact repository. Configure the Python client touse the CodeArtifact repository. Create a VPC endpoint for CodeArtifact.

Question 73

A company wants to use AWS to create a business continuity solution in case the company's main on-premises application fails. The application runs on physical servers that also run other applications. The on-premises application that the company is planning to migrate uses a MySQL database as a data store. All the company's on-premises applications use operating systems that are compatible with Amazon EC2.

Which solution will achieve the company's goal with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Install the AWS Replication Agent on the source servers, including the MySQL servers. Set up replication for all servers. Launch test instances for regular drills. Cut over to the test instances to fail over the workload in the case of a failure event.

Install the AWS Replication Agent on the source servers, including the MySQL servers. Initialize AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery in the target AWS Region. Define the launch settings. Frequently perform failover and fallback from the most recent point in time.

Create AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication servers and a target Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster to host the database. Create a DMS replication task to copy the existing data to the target DB cluster. Create a local AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) change data capture (CDC) task to keep the data synchronized. Install the rest of the software on EC2 instances by starting with a compatible base AMI.

Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway Volume Gateway on premises. Mount volumes on all on-premises servers. Install the application and the MySQL database on the new volumes. Take regular snapshots. Install all the software on EC2 Instances by starting with a compatible base AMI. Launch a Volume Gateway on an EC2 instance. Restore the volumes from the latest snapshot. Mount the new volumes on the EC2 instances in the case of a failure event.

Question 74

A large education company recently introduced Amazon Workspaces to provide access to internal applications across multiple universities. The company is storing user profiles on an Amazon FSx (or Windows File Server file system. The tile system is configured with a DNS alias and is connected to a self-managed Active Directory. As more users begin to use the Workspaces, login time increases to unacceptable levels.

An investigation reveals a degradation in performance of the file system. The company created the file system on HDD storage with a throughput of 16 MBps. A solutions architect must improve the performance of the file system during a defined maintenance window.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative effort?

Options:

Use AWS Backup to create a point-ln-lime backup of the file system. Restore the backup to a new FSx for Windows File Server file system. Select SSD as the storage type Select 32 MBps as the throughput capacity. When the backup and restore process Is completed, adjust the DNS alias accordingly. Delete the original file system.

Disconnect users from the file system. In the Amazon FSx console, update the throughput capacity to 32 MBps. Update the storage type to SSD. Reconnect users to the file system.

Deploy an AWS DataSync agent onto a new Amazon EC2 Instance. Create a task. Configure the existing file system as the source location. Configure a new FSx for Windows File Server file system with SSD storage and 32 MBps of throughput as the target location. Schedule the task. When the task is completed, adjust the DNS alias accordingly. Delete the original file system.

Enable shadow copies on the existing file system by using a Windows PowerShell command. Schedule the shadow copy job to create a point-in-time backup of the file system. Choose to restore previous versions. Create a new FSx for Windows File Server file system with SSD storage and 32 MBps of throughput. When the copy job is completed, adjust the DNS alias. Delete the original file system.

Question 75

A company is running its solution on AWS in a manually created VPC. The company is using AWS CloudFormation to provision other parts of the infrastructure According to a new requirement the company must manage all infrastructure in an automatic way

What should the comp any do to meet this new requirement with the LEAST effort?

Options:

Create a new AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) stack that strictly provisions the existing VPC resources and configuration Use AWS CDK to import the VPC into the stack and to manage the VPC

Create a CloudFormation stack set that creates the VPC Use the stack set to import the VPC into the stack

Create a new CloudFormation template that strictly provisions the existing VPC resources and configuration From the CloudFormation console, create a new stack by importing the existing resources

Create a new CloudFormation template that creates the VPC Use the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) CLI to import the VPC

Question 76

A company is using Amazon OpenSearch Service to analyze data. The company loads data into an OpenSearch Service cluster with 10 data nodes from an Amazon S3 bucket that uses S3 Standard storage. The data resides in the cluster for 1 month for read-only analysis. After 1 month, the company deletes the index that contains the data from the cluster. For compliance purposes, the company must retain a copy of all input data.

The company is concerned about ongoing costs and asks a solutions architect to recommend a new solution.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Replace all the data nodes with UltraWarm nodes to handle the expected capacity. Transition the input data from S3 Standard to S3 Glacier Deep Archive when the company loads the data into the cluster.

Reduce the number of data nodes in the cluster to 2 Add UltraWarm nodes to handle the expected capacity. Configure the indexes to transition to UltraWarm when OpenSearch Service ingests the data. Transition the input data to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 month by using an S3 Lifecycle policy.

Reduce the number of data nodes in the cluster to 2. Add UltraWarm nodes to handle the expected capacity. Configure the indexes to transition to UltraWarm when OpenSearch Service ingests the data. Add cold storage nodes to the cluster Transition the indexes from UltraWarm to cold storage. Delete the input data from the S3 bucket after 1 month by using an S3 Lifecycle policy.

Reduce the number of data nodes in the cluster to 2. Add instance-backed data nodes to handle the expected capacity. Transition the input data from S3 Standard to S3 Glacier Deep Archive when the company loads the data into the cluster.

Question 77

A company wants to modernize a monolithic application in the company's data center and deploy the application on AWS. The monolithic application consists of an event broker in a central account and multiple microservices in individual AWS accounts. The event broker and the microservices are deployed on Amazon ECS clusters that use the Fargate launch type.

Multiple microservices need access to the same events from the event broker. The company wants to distribute events from the central event broker to each microservice across accounts.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon SNS topic in the central account. Add a topic policy to allow other accounts to subscribe to the topic. Create an Amazon SQS queue in each individual AWS account. Subscribe the SQS queue to the SNS topic. Configure the microservices to read events from their own SQS queue.

Create a new Amazon EventBridge event bus in the central account with the required permissions. Add EventBridge rules filtered by service for each microservice. Invoke the rules to route events to other accounts.

Create a data stream in Amazon Kinesis Data Streams in the central account. Create an IAM policy to grant the necessary permissions to access the data stream. Set each of the microservices as an event source on the Kinesis stream. Configure the stream to invoke each microservice.

Create a new Amazon SQS queue as the event broker in the central account. Grant the required permissions. Configure each of the microservices to read messages from the central SQS queue.

Answer:

Explanation:

This explanation is based on AWS documentation and best practices but is paraphrased, not a literal extract.

The scenario describes a central event broker and multiple microservices running in separate AWS accounts that all need to consume the same events. The requirement is to distribute events from a central location to many microservices across accounts in a scalable and loosely coupled way, as part of modernizing to a microservices architecture.

Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus service designed for event-driven architectures. It supports centralized event buses, rich content-based filtering with rules, and cross-account event routing. With EventBridge, you can create an event bus in a central account and define rules that match specific event patterns (for example, by microservice or event type). Each rule can have one or more targets, including event buses in other AWS accounts. This supports the pattern of having a central event bus in one account and distributing relevant events to other accounts, where each microservice consumes events either directly from its own event bus or through additional rules and targets in its own account.

In this solution, you create a new EventBridge event bus in the central account and grant the appropriate permissions for cross-account access (option B). You then define EventBridge rules on the central event bus, filtered per microservice or per event category, and configure the rules to send events to the respective event buses or targets in the microservices’ accounts. EventBridge handles the fan-out and delivery of events across accounts in a managed, scalable way, which aligns with the modernization goal and reduces the operational overhead of managing custom routing or polling logic.

Option A uses an SNS topic with SQS queues in each account. This is a valid fan-out pattern and supports cross-account subscriptions, but it is more suited to traditional pub/sub messaging and does not provide the event routing, filtering, and observability features that EventBridge offers for modern event-driven microservices. In scenarios that explicitly mention an event broker and modernization, EventBridge is the recommended service.

Option C is incorrect because Kinesis Data Streams is designed for high-throughput streaming data and requires building and managing consumer applications. The description in the option is also technically inaccurate; Kinesis does not “invoke” microservices directly as event targets in the same way as EventBridge or SNS does. Instead, applications must read from the stream.

Option D uses a single central SQS queue that all microservices read from. SQS provides at-least-once delivery to competing consumers, which means multiple consumers reading from the same queue will typically share messages rather than each getting all messages. This does not satisfy the requirement for multiple microservices to each receive the same events independently. It also reduces decoupling and observability compared to an event bus model.

Therefore, creating an Amazon EventBridge event bus in the central account with rules to distribute events across accounts (option B) best meets the requirements for distributing events from a central broker to multiple microservices across accounts in a modernized architecture.

[References:AWS documentation on Amazon EventBridge event buses, cross-account event routing, and rule-based filtering and targeting.AWS guidance for event-driven microservices architectures and centralized event broker patterns.]

Question 78

A media storage application uploads user photos to Amazon S3 for processing by AWS Lambda functions. Application state is stored in Amazon DynamoOB tables. Users are reporting that some uploaded photos are not being processed properly. The application developers trace the logs and find that Lambda is experiencing photo processing issues when thousands of users upload photos simultaneously. The issues are the result of Lambda concurrency limits and the performance of DynamoDB when data is saved.

Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to increase the performance and reliability of the application? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Evaluate and adjust the RCUs for the DynamoDB tables.

Evaluate and adjust the WCUs for the DynamoDB tables.

Add an Amazon ElastiCache layer to increase the performance of Lambda functions.

Add an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue and reprocessing logic between Amazon S3 and the Lambda functions.

Use S3 Transfer Acceleration to provide lower latency to users.

Question 79

A company has migrated an application from on premises to AWS. The application frontend is a static website that runs on two Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application backend is a Python application that runs on three EC2 instances behind another ALB. The EC2 instances are large, general purpose On-Demand Instances that were sized to meet the on-premises specifications for peak usage of the application.

The application averages hundreds of thousands of requests each month. However, the application is used mainly during lunchtime and receives minimal traffic during the rest of the day.

A solutions architect needs to optimize the infrastructure cost of the application without negatively affecting the application availability.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Change all the EC2 instances to compute optimized instances that have the same number of cores as the existing EC2 instances.

Move the application frontend to a static website that is hosted on Amazon S3.

Deploy the application frontend by using AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Use the same instance type for the nodes.

Change all the backend EC2 instances to Spot Instances.

Deploy the backend Python application to general purpose burstable EC2 instances that have the same number of cores as the existing EC2 instances.

Question 80

A company runs a web-crawling process on a list of target URLs to obtain training documents for machine learning (ML) training algorithms. A fleet of Amazon EC2 t2.micro instances pulls the target URLs from an Amazon SQS queue. The instances write the result of the crawling algorithm as a CSV file to an Amazon EFS volume. The EFS volume is mounted on all instances in the fleet.

A second system occasionally adds the URLs to the SQS queue. The EC2 instances crawl each new URL in 10 seconds or less.

Metrics indicate that some instances are idle when no URLs are in the SQS queue. A solutions architect needs to redesign the architecture to optimize costs.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use m5.8xlarge instances instead of t2.micro instances for the web-crawling process. Reduce the number of instances in the fleet by 50%.

Use an AWS Lambda function to run the web-crawling process. Configure the Lambda function to pull URLs from the SQS queue.

Modify the web-crawling process to store results in Amazon Neptune.

Modify the web-crawling process to store results in an Amazon Aurora Serverless MySQL instance.

Modify the web-crawling process to store results in Amazon S3.

Answer:

B, E

Explanation:

The current architecture uses a fleet of small EC2 instances that poll SQS for URLs and write results to EFS. Because URLs arrive only occasionally and each crawl takes 10 seconds or less, EC2 instances are often idle waiting for messages. This leads to unnecessary compute and storage costs.

This workload is naturally event-driven: each URL in the SQS queue triggers a short-lived crawl operation. AWS Lambda is well suited for such event-driven, short-duration tasks. Lambda integrates natively with Amazon SQS as an event source, which allows Lambda to poll the SQS queue automatically and invoke functions when messages arrive, scaling the concurrency up and down as needed. When there are no messages, there are no Lambda invocations and no compute charges, eliminating the cost of idle EC2 instances.

For storage of crawl results, Amazon S3 is a highly durable, cost-effective object store. The current use of an EFS file system mounted on all instances is no longer necessary if each Lambda invocation can write the output directly to S3 as objects (for example, CSV files). S3 charges only for the storage used and requests, and does not require continuously running file system infrastructure.

Option B replaces the idle fleet of EC2 instances with a Lambda function that reads from SQS. This aligns compute usage with actual work and takes advantage of serverless scaling and pricing.

Option E modifies the web-crawling process to store results in Amazon S3 instead of EFS, removing the need to maintain an EFS file system and its associated costs.

Option A increases instance size to m5.8xlarge, which greatly increases capacity and cost. Reducing the number of instances by 50% does not offset the large increase in instance size; it does not address idle capacity and likely increases overall cost.

Option C uses Amazon Neptune, which is a managed graph database service. It is not needed for storing simple CSV output; it is more complex and more expensive than S3 for this use case.

Option D uses Aurora Serverless MySQL. While Aurora Serverless can automatically scale, using a relational database to store simple crawl outputs adds unnecessary cost and operational complexity compared to S3 objects.

Therefore, moving the crawling logic to Lambda triggered by SQS (option B) and writing results directly to Amazon S3 (option E) meets the requirements in the most cost-effective way.

[References:AWS documentation on using Amazon SQS as an event source for AWS Lambda for event-driven processing.AWS documentation on Amazon S3 for durable, low-cost object storage for analytical and application data.]

Question 81

A Solutions Architect wants to make sure that only AWS users or roles with suitable permissions can access a new Amazon API Gateway endpoint. The Solutions

Architect wants an end-to-end view of each request to analyze the latency of the request and create service maps.

How can the Solutions Architect design the API Gateway access control and perform request inspections?

Options:

For the API Gateway method, set the authorization to AWS_IAM. Then, give the IAM user or role execute-api:Invoke permission on the REST API resource. Enable the API caller to sign requests with AWS Signature when accessing the endpoint. Use AWS X-Ray to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway.

For the API Gateway resource, set CORS to enabled and only return the company's domain in Access-Control-Allow-Origin headers. Then, give the IAM user or role execute-api:Invoke permission on the REST API resource. Use Amazon CloudWatch to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway.

Create an AWS Lambda function as the custom authorizer, ask the API client to pass the key and secret when making the call, and then use Lambda to validate the key/secret pair against the IAM system. Use AWS X-Ray to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway.

Create a client certificate for API Gateway. Distribute the certificate to the AWS users and roles that need to access the endpoint. Enable the API caller to pass the client certificate when accessing the endpoint. Use Amazon CloudWatch to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway.

Question 82

A company that has multiple AWS accounts is using AWS Organizations. The company’s AWS accounts host VPCs, Amazon EC2 instances, and containers.

The company’s compliance team has deployed a security tool in each VPC where the company has deployments. The security tools run on EC2 instances and send information to the AWS account that is dedicated for the compliance team. The company has tagged all the compliance-related resources with a key of “costCenter” and a value or “compliance”.

The company wants to identify the cost of the security tools that are running on the EC2 instances so that the company can charge the compliance team’s AWS account. The cost calculation must be as accurate as possible.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

In the management account of the organization, activate the costCenter user-defined tag. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Use the tag breakdown in the report to obtain the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.

In the member accounts of the organization, activate the costCenter user-defined tag. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Schedule a monthly AWS Lambda function to retrieve the reports and calculate the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.

In the member accounts of the organization activate the costCenter user-defined tag. From the management account, schedule a monthly AWS Cost and Usage Report. Use the tag breakdown in the report to calculate the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.

Create a custom report in the organization view in AWS Trusted Advisor. Configure the report to generate a monthly billing summary for the costCenter tagged resources in the compliance team’s AWS account.

Question 83

A company migrated to AWS and uses AWS Business Support. The company wants to monitor thecost-effectiveness of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances have tags for department, business unit, and environment. Development EC2 instances have high cost but low utilization.

The company needs to detect and stop any underutilized development EC2 instances. Instances are underutilized if they had 10% or less average CPU utilization and 5 MB or less network I/O for at least 4 of the past 14 days.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Configure Amazon CloudWatch dashboards to monitor EC2 instance utilization based on tags for department, business unit, and environment. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to stop underutilized development EC2 instances.

Configure AWS Systems Manager to track EC2 instance utilization and report underutilized instances to Amazon CloudWatch. Filter the CloudWatch data by tags for department, business unit, and environment. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to stop underutilized EC2 instances.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect low utilization of EC2 instances reported by AWS Trusted Advisor. Configure the rule to invoke a Lambda function that filters the data by tags for department, business unit, and environment and stops underutilized development EC2 instances.

Create an AWS Lambda function to run daily to retrieve utilization data for all EC2 instances. Save the data to an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create a QuickSight dashboard that uses the DynamoDB table as a data source to identify and stop underutilized development EC2 instances.

Question 84

A company uses AWS Organizations for a multi-account setup in the AWS Cloud. The company's finance team has a data processing application that uses AWS Lambda and Amazon DynamoDB. The company's marketing team wants to access the data that is stored in the DynamoDB table.

The DynamoDB table contains confidential data. The marketing team can have access to only specific attributes of data in the DynamoDB table. The fi-nance team and the marketing team have separate AWS accounts.

What should a solutions architect do to provide the marketing team with the appropriate access to the DynamoDB table?

Options:

Create an SCP to grant the marketing team's AWS account access to the specific attributes of the DynamoDB table. Attach the SCP to the OU of the finance team.

Create an IAM role in the finance team's account by using IAM policy conditions for specific DynamoDB attributes (fine-grained access con-trol). Establish trust with the marketing team's account. In the mar-keting team's account, create an IAM role that has permissions to as-sume the IAM role in the finance team's account.

Create a resource-based IAM policy that includes conditions for spe-cific DynamoDB attributes (fine-grained access control). Attach the policy to the DynamoDB table. In the marketing team's account, create an IAM role that has permissions to access the DynamoDB table in the finance team's account.

Create an IAM role in the finance team's account to access the Dyna-moDB table. Use an IAM permissions boundary to limit the access to the specific attributes. In the marketing team's account, create an IAM role that has permissions to assume the IAM role in the finance team's account.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should create a resource-based IAM policy that includes conditions for specific DynamoDB attributes (fine-grained access control). The company should attach the policy to the DynamoDB table. In the marketing team’s account, the company should create an IAM role that has permissions to access the DynamoDB table in the finance team’s account. This solution will meet the requirements because a resource-based IAM policy is a policy that you attach to an AWS resource (such as a DynamoDB table) to control who can access that resource and what actions they can perform on it. You can use IAM policyconditions to specify fine-grained access control for DynamoDB items and attributes. For example, you can allow or deny access to specific attributes of all items in a table by matching on attribute names1. By creating a resource-based policy that allows access to only specific attributes of the DynamoDB table and attaching it to the table, the company can restrict access to confidential data. By creating an IAM role in the marketing team’s account that has permissions to access the DynamoDB table in the finance team’s account, the company can enable cross-account access.

The other options are not correct because:

Creating an SCP to grant the marketing team’s AWS account access to the specific attributes of the DynamoDB table would not work because SCPs are policies that you can use with AWS Organizations to manage permissions in your organization’s accounts. SCPs do not grant permissions; instead, they specify the maximum permissions that identities in an account can have2. SCPs cannot be used to specify fine-grained access control for DynamoDB items and attributes.

Creating an IAM role in the finance team’s account by using IAM policy conditions for specific DynamoDB attributes and establishing trust with the marketing team’s account would not work because IAM roles are identities that you can create in your account that have specific permissions. You can use an IAM role to delegate access to users, applications, or services that don’t normally have access to your AWS resources3. However, creating an IAM role in the finance team’s account would not restrict access to specific attributes of the DynamoDB table; it would only allow cross-account access. The company would still need a resource-based policy attached to the table to enforce fine-grained access control.

Creating an IAM role in the finance team’s account to access the DynamoDB table and using an IAM permissions boundary to limit the access to the specific attributes would not work because IAM permissions boundaries are policies that you use to delegate permissions management to other users. You can use permissions boundaries to limit the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity (user or role)4. Permissions boundaries cannot be used to specify fine-grained access control for DynamoDB items and attributes.

[References:, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/specifying-conditions.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_scps.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_boundaries.html, , , , , , ]

Question 85

An environmental company is deploying sensors in major cities throughout a country to measure air quality The sensors connect to AWS loT Core to ingest timesheets data readings. The company stores the data in Amazon DynamoDB

For business continuity the company must have the ability to ingest and store data in two AWS Regions

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Route 53 alias failover routing policy with values for AWS loT Core data endpoints in both Regions Migrate data to Amazon Aurora global tables

Create a domain configuration for AWS loT Core in each Region Create an Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing policy Use AWS loT Core data endpoints in both Regions as values Migrate the data to Amazon MemoryDB for Radis and configure Cross-Region replication

Create a domain configuration for AWS loT Core in each. Region Create an AmazonRoute 53 health check that evaluates domain configuration health Create a failover routing policy with values for the domain name from the AWS loT Core domain configurations Update the DynamoDB table to a global table

Create an Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing policy. Use AWS loT Core data endpoints in both Regions as values. Configure DynamoDB streams and Cross-Region data replication

Question 86

A company is creating a REST API to share information with six of its partners based in the United States. The company has created an Amazon API Gateway Regional endpoint. Each of the six partners will access the API once per day to post daily sales figures.

After initial deployment, the company observes 1.000 requests per second originating from 500 different IP addresses around the world. The company believes this traffic is originating from a botnet and wants to secure its API while minimizing cost.

Which approach should the company take to secure its API?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the API as the origin. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule lo block clients thai submit more than fiverequests per day. Associate the web ACL with the CloudFront distnbution. Configure CloudFront with an origin access identity (OAI) and associate it with the distribution. Configure API Gateway to ensure only the OAI can run the POST method.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the API as the origin. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to block clients that submit more than five requests per day. Associate the web ACL with the CloudFront distnbution. Add a custom header to the CloudFront distribution populated with an API key. Configure the API to require an API key on the POST method.

Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to allow access to the IP addresses used by the six partners. Associate the web ACL with the API. Create a resource policy with a request limit and associate it with the API. Configure the API to require an API key on the POST method.

Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to allow access to the IP addresses used by the six partners. Associate the web ACL with the API. Create a usage plan with a request limit and associate it with the API. Create an API key and add it to the usage plan.

Question 87

A company wants to use an Amazon S3 bucket for its data scientists to store documents. The company uses AWS IAM Identity Center to authenticate users. The company created an IAM Identity Center group for the data scientists.

The company wants to grant the data scientists access to only their specific folders in the S3 bucket. The company also wants to know which documents each data scientist accessed.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create a custom IAM Identity Center permission set to grant the data scientists access to an S3 bucket prefix that matches their username tag. Use a policy to limit access to paths with the ${aws:PrincipalTag/userName>/" condition.

Create an IAM Identity Center role for the data scientist group that has Amazon S3 read access and write access. Add an S3 bucket policy that allows access to the IAM

Identity Center role.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to log S3 data events and deliver the logs to an S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to run queries on the CloudTrail logs in Amazon S3.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to log S3 management events to Amazon CloudWatch. Use the Amazon Athena CloudWatch connector to query the logs.

Enable S3 access logging to the EMR File System (EMRFS). Create an AWS Glue job to run queries on the access log data in EMRFS.

Question 88

A company operates a static content distribution platform that serves customers globally. The customers consume content from their own AWS accounts.

The company serves its content from an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uploads the content from its on-premises environment to the S3 bucket by using an S3 File Gateway.

The company wants to improve the platform's performance and reliability by serving content from the AWS Region that is geographically closest to customers. The company must route the on-premises data to Amazon S3 with minimal latency and without public internet exposure.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Implement S3 Multi-Region Access Points.

Use S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) to copy content to different Regions.

Create an AWS Lambda function that tracks the routing of clients to Regions.

Use an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection to connect to a Multi-Region Access Point.

Use AWS PrivateLink and AWS Direct Connect to connect to a Multi-Region Access Point.

Answer:

A, E

Explanation:

This explanation is based on AWS documentation and best practices but is paraphrased, not a literal extract.

The company needs two things:

To serve static content from the AWS Region geographically closest to each customer.

To send data from on premises to Amazon S3 with minimal latency and without traversing the public internet, while keeping operational overhead low.

S3 Multi-Region Access Points provide a single global endpoint that fronts multiple S3 buckets in different Regions. Multi-Region Access Points use latency-based routing and failover capabilities to direct client requests automatically to the closest healthy Regional S3 bucket that is part of the Multi-Region Access Point. This directly addresses the requirement to serve content from the closest Region with high performance and reliability, and it avoids the need to build and maintain custom routing logic.

Behind the scenes, S3 Multi-Region Access Points rely on S3 Replication between the Regional buckets that participate in the Multi-Region Access Point. When you configure a Multi-Region Access Point, you set up the participating buckets and replication configuration once; AWS then manages routing and failover, reducing operational overhead compared to manually configuring and managing multiple S3 endpoints and application logic.

For the on-premises environment, the company wants to send data to S3 with minimal latency and without using the public internet. AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated network connection from the on-premises network into AWS, avoiding the public internet and generally providing lower and more consistent latency. AWS PrivateLink allows private connectivity to supported AWS services (such as S3 Multi-Region Access Points via interface endpoints) from within a VPC using private IP addresses. When you combine Direct Connect with PrivateLink, traffic flows from on-premises over a private dedicated connection into a VPC and then privately to the Multi-Region Access Point through an interface VPC endpoint, satisfying the requirement for no public internet exposure.

Therefore, implementing S3 Multi-Region Access Points (option A) addresses the global content serving and Regional routing, and using AWS PrivateLink together with AWS Direct Connect (option E) provides low-latency, private network connectivity from on premises to the Multi-Region Access Point with minimal operational overhead.

Option B, S3 Cross-Region Replication alone, would replicate data across Regions but would not automatically route customers to the closest Region; application changes and manual routing would be required, increasing operational overhead.

Option C would require building and maintaining a custom Lambda-based routing system, which is unnecessary when S3 Multi-Region Access Points provide managed routing and failover.

Option D, AWS Site-to-Site VPN, encrypts traffic over the public internet; it does not satisfy the explicit requirement to avoid public internet exposure and typically has less predictable latency than Direct Connect.

[References:AWS documentation on Amazon S3 Multi-Region Access Points, including latency-based routing and built-in replication between Regional buckets.AWS Direct Connect documentation describing private, dedicated connectivity from on-premises to AWS to reduce latency and avoid public internet exposure.AWS PrivateLink documentation describing access to supported services over private IP addresses via interface VPC endpoints.]

Question 89

During an audit, a security team discovered that a development team was putting IAM user secret access keys in their code and then committing it to an AWS CodeCommit repository. The security team wants to automatically find and remediate instances of this security vulnerability.

Which solution will ensure that the credentials are appropriately secured automatically7

Options:

Run a script nightly using AWS Systems Manager Run Command to search tor credentials on the development instances. If found. use AWS Secrets Manager to rotate the credentials.

Use a scheduled AWS Lambda function to download and scan the application code from CodeCommit. If credentials are found, generate new credentials and store them in AWS KMS.

Configure Amazon Made to scan for credentials in CodeCommit repositories. If credentials are found, trigger an AWS Lambda function to disable the credentials and notify the user.

Configure a CodeCommit trigger to invoke an AWS Lambda function to scan new code submissions for credentials. It credentials are found, disable them in AWS IAM and notify the user

Question 90

A company has Linux-based Amazon EC2 instances. Users must access the instances by using SSH with EC2 SSH Key pairs. Each machine requires a unique EC2 Key pair.

The company wants to implement a key rotation policy that will, upon request, automatically rotate all the EC2 key pairs and keep the key in a securely encrypted place. The company will accept less than 1 minute of downtime during key rotation.

Which solution will meet these requirement?

Options:

Store all the keys in AWS Secrets Manager. Define a Secrets Manager rotation schedule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public Keys on EC2 instances. Update the private keys in Secrets Manager.

Store all the keys in Parameter. Store, a capability of AWS Systems Manager, as a string. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public keys on EC2 instance. Update the private keys in parameter.

Import the EC2 key pairs into AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Configure automatic key rotation for these key pairs. Create an Amazon EventlBridge scheduled rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to initiate the key rotation AWS KMS.

Add all the EC2 instances to Feet Manager, a capability of AWS Systems Manager. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to issue a Systems Manager Run Command document to generate new Key pairs and to rotate public keys to all the instances in Feet Manager.

Question 91

A company needs to optimize the cost of an AWS environment that contains multiple accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company conducted cost optimization activities 3 years ago and purchased Amazon EC2 Standard Reserved Instances that recently expired.

The company needs EC2 instances for 3 more years. Additionally, the company has deployed a new serverless workload.

Which strategy will provide the company with the MOST cost savings?

Options:

Purchase the same Reserved Instances for an additional 3-year term with All Upfront payment. Purchase a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with All Upfrontpayment in the management account to cover any additional compute costs.

Purchase a I-year Compute Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in each member account. Use the Savings Plans recommendations in the AWS CostManagement console to choose the Compute Savings Plan.

Purchase a 3-year EC2 Instance Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in the management account to cover EC2 costs in each AWS Region. Purchase a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in the management account to cover any additional compute costs.

Purchase a 3-year EC2 Instance Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in each member account. Use the Savings Plans recommendations in the AWS CostManagement console to choose the EC2 Instance Savings Plan.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should purchase the same Reserved Instances for an additional 3-year term with All Upfront payment. The company should purchase a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in the management account to cover any additional compute costs. This solution will provide the company with the most cost savings because Reserved Instances and Savings Plans are both pricing models that offer significant discounts compared to On-Demand pricing. Reserved Instances are commitments to use a specific instance type and size in a single Region for a one- or three-year term. You can choose between three payment options: No Upfront, Partial Upfront, or All Upfront. The more you pay upfront, the greater the discount1. Savings Plans are flexible pricing models that offer low prices on EC2 instances, Fargate, and Lambda usage, in exchange for a commitment to a consistent amount of usage (measured in $/hour) for a one- or three-year term. You can choose between two types of Savings Plans: Compute Savings Plans and EC2 Instance Savings Plans. Compute Savings Plans apply to any EC2 instance regardless of Region, instance family, operating system, or tenancy, including those that are part of EMR, ECS, or EKS clusters, or launched by Fargate or Lambda. EC2 Instance Savings Plans apply to a specific instance family within a Region and provide the most savings2. By purchasing the same Reserved Instances for an additional 3-year term with All Upfront payment, the company can lock in the lowest possible price for its EC2 instances that run continuously for 3 years. By purchasing a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in the management account, the company can benefit from additional discounts on any other compute usage across its member accounts.

The other options are not correct because:

Purchasing a 1-year Compute Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in each member account would not provide as much cost savings as purchasing a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in the management account. A 1-year term offers lower discounts than a 3-year term, and a No Upfront payment option offers lower discounts than an All Upfront payment option. Also, purchasing a Savings Plan in each member account would not allow the company to share the benefits of unused Savings Plan discounts across its organization.

Purchasing a 3-year EC2 Instance Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in the management account to cover EC2 costs in each AWS Region would not provide as much cost savings as purchasing Reserved Instances for an additional 3-year term with All Upfront payment. An EC2 Instance Savings Plan offers lower discounts than Reserved Instances for the same instance family and Region. Also, a No Upfront payment option offers lower discounts than an All Upfront payment option.

Purchasing a 3-year EC2 Instance Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in each member account would not provide as much flexibility or cost savings as purchasing a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in the management account. An EC2 Instance Savings Plan applies only to a specific instance family within a Region and does not cover Fargate or Lambda usage. Also, purchasing aSavings Plan in each member account would not allow the company to share the benefits of unused Savings Plan discounts across its organization.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/reserved-instances/, https://aws.amazon.com/savingsplans/, , , , ]

Question 92

A company has its cloud infrastructure on AWS A solutions architect needs to define the infrastructure as code. The infrastructure is currently deployed in one AWS Region. The company's business expansion plan includes deployments in multiple Regions across multiple AWS accounts

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS CloudFormation templates Add IAM policies to control the various accounts Deploy the templates across the multiple Regions

Use AWS Organizations Deploy AWS CloudFormation templates from the management account Use AWS Control Tower to manage deployments across accounts

Use AWS Organizations and AWS CloudFormation StackSets Deploy a CloudFormation template from an account that has the necessary IAM permissions

Use nested stacks with AWS CloudFormation templates Change the Region by using nested stacks

Question 93

A company runs a highly available data collection application on Amazon EC2 in the eu-north-1 Region. The application collects data from end-user devices and writes records to an Amazon Kinesis data stream and a set of AWS Lambda functions that process the records. The company persists the output of the record processing to an Amazon S3 bucket in eu-north-1. The company uses the data in the S3 bucket as a data source for Amazon Athena.

The company wants to increase its global presence. A solutions architect must launch the data collection capabilities in the sa-east-1 and ap-northeast-1 Regions. The solutions architect deploys the application, the Kinesis data stream, and the Lambda functions in the two new Regions. The solutions architect keeps the S3 bucket in eu-north-1 to meet a requirement to centralize the data analysis.

During testing of the new setup, the solutions architect notices a significant lag on the arrival of data from the new Regions to the S3 bucket.

Which solution will improve this lag time the MOST?

Options:

In each of the two new Regions, set up the Lambda functions to run in a VPC. Set up an S3 gateway endpoint in that VPC.

Turn on S3 Transfer Acceleration on the S3 bucket in eu-north-1. Change the application to use the new S3 accelerated endpoint when the application uploads data to the S3 bucket.

Create an S3 bucket in each of the two new Regions. Set the application in each new Region to upload to its respective S3 bucket. Set up S3 Cross-Region Replication to replicate data to the S3 bucket in eu-north-1.

Increase the memory requirements of the Lambda functions to ensure that they have multiple cores available. Use the multipart upload feature when the application uploads data to Amazon S3 from Lambda.

Question 94

A retail company has an on-premises data center in Europe. The company also has a multi-Region AWS presence that includes the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 Regions. The company wants to be able to route network traffic from its on-premises infrastructure into VPCs in either of those Regions. The company also needs to support traffic that is routed directly between VPCs in those Regions. No single points of failure can exist on the network.

The company already has created two 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connections from its on-premises data center. Each connection goes into a separate Direct Connect location in Europe for high availability. These two locations are named DX-A and DX-B, respectively. Each Region has a single AWS Transit Gateway that is configured to route all inter-VPC traffic within that Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a private VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a private VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with the Direct Connect gateway. Peer the transit gateways with each other to support cross-Region routing.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Associate the eu-west-1 transit gateway with this Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into a separate Direct Connect gateway. Associate the us-east-1 transit gateway with this separate Direct Connect gateway. Peer the Direct Connect gateways with each other to support high availability and cross-Region routing.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with this Direct Connect gateway. Configure the Direct Connect gateway to route traffic between the transit gateways.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with this Direct Connect gateway. Peer the transit gateways with each other to support cross-Region routing.

Question 95

A utility company collects usage data from smart meters every 5 minutes. Data is sent to API Gateway, processed by Lambda, and stored in DynamoDB. As usage increased, Lambda durations increased and DynamoDB PUTs failed with ProvisionedThroughputExceededException. Lambda also experiences TooManyRequestsException errors.

Which combination of changes will resolve these issues? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Increase the write capacity units to the DynamoDB table.

Increase the memory available to the Lambda functions.

Increase the payload size from the smart meters.

Stream the data into an Amazon Kinesis data stream from API Gateway and process the data in batches.

Collect data in an Amazon SQS FIFO queue, which triggers a Lambda function to process each message.

Question 96

A company uses Microsoft Active Directory for user management and Microsoft Entra ID as an identity provider (IdP). The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company establishes an AWS IAM Identity Center instance that is integrated with the IdP and creates the required user groups.

Multiple company departments and applications use Amazon S3. The company uses S3 bucket policies to manage permissions. As a result of the granular permissions the company creates, the policies grow so large that they reach the quota for S3 bucket policy length. The company needs to simplify the process of managing granular S3 bucket permissions for company identities.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an S3 Access Grant. Associate the S3 Access Grant with the IAM Identity Center instance. Create S3 Access Grants for the user groups based on business requirements by specifying the appropriate S3 bucket. Use the Amazon S3 API to grant the user groups temporary credentials to access the required S3 buckets.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Create an AWS Lambda function to query data from Amazon S3 based on user permissions. Create an Object Lambda Access Point for the S3 access points. Associate the Lambda function with the Object Lambda Access Point.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Block public access in the S3 access point settings. Create an access policy based on user requirements. Attach the access policy to the S3 access point. Use the S3 access point to access the S3 bucket.

Group users into appropriate OUs in Organizations. Create SCPs to grant access to specific S3 buckets based on business requirements. Attach the SCPs to the appropriate OUs. Use permission sets in IAM Identity Center to grant access the S3 buckets.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company has many S3 buckets and many identities across multiple AWS accounts. It currently uses S3 bucket policies for granular authorization. As requirements grow, the bucket policies have become very large and have hit the maximum size limits. The company needs a way to express granular, identity-based access to S3 resources without relying on increasingly complex bucket policies.

AWS provides S3 Access Grants to centrally manage S3 data access based on identities. S3 Access Grants integrate with IAM Identity Center and external identity providers such as Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure AD). With S3 Access Grants, you define grants that associate specific identities or groups (from IAM Identity Center) with permissions on specific S3 buckets, prefixes, or objects. Access Grants maintain a mapping between identities and S3 resources without requiring large, per-bucket policies.

Option A describes exactly this approach. You create an S3 Access Grant configuration associated with the IAM Identity Center instance that is already integrated with the company’s IdP. You then define S3 Access Grants for the various user groups according to business requirements, specifying the appropriate S3 buckets and prefixes. When users access S3 through AWS tools that support S3 Access Grants, temporary credentials are issued that reflect the grants. This centralizes authorization management, reduces the size and complexity of S3 bucket policies, and minimizes operational overhead because you manage permissions per identity group rather than constantly editing long bucket policies.

Option B uses S3 access points and Object Lambda Access Points with a Lambda function for data filtering. This is more suitable for content transformation or redaction rather than primary authorization management. It adds operational complexity by requiring custom Lambda code and Object Lambda configuration, and it does not directly solve the problem of large bucket policies for fine-grained permissions.

Option C uses per-bucket S3 access points with attached policies. While access points can simplify some aspects of access control and allow per-application policies, using many access points with detailed policies can still lead to significant policy complexity. It also does not take advantage of the existing IAM Identity Center integration and does not centrally align permissions with identity groups.

Option D uses AWS Organizations service control policies (SCPs). SCPs are intended to define high-level guardrails and maximum permissions at the account or organizational unit level, not detailed, per-bucket or per-prefix access control for individual users or groups. Using SCPs to express granular S3 bucket permissions would be complex, hard to maintain, and not aligned with the purpose of SCPs.

Therefore, using S3 Access Grants integrated with IAM Identity Center (option A) provides a centralized, identity-aware, low-overhead way to manage granular S3 access without hitting S3 bucket policy size limits.

[References:AWS documentation on S3 Access Grants for identity-based, fine-grained access control to S3 resources integrated with IAM Identity Center.AWS best practices for separating high-level guardrails (SCPs) from resource-level permissions and using identity-aware S3 controls instead of overly large bucket policies., ]

Question 97

A company hosts its primary API on AWS using Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda functions. Internal applications and external customers use this API. Some customers also use a legacy API hosted on a standalone EC2 instance.

The company wants to increase security across all APIs to prevent denial of service (DoS) attacks, check for vulnerabilities, and guard against common exploits.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS WAF to protect both APIs. Configure Amazon Inspector to analyze the legacy API. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to monitor for malicious attempts to access the APIs.

Use AWS WAF to protect the API Gateway API. Configure Amazon Inspector to analyze both APIs. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to block malicious attempts.

Use AWS WAF to protect the API Gateway API. Configure Amazon Inspector to analyze the legacy API. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to monitor for malicious attempts to access the APIs.

Use AWS WAF to protect the API Gateway API. Configure Amazon Inspector to protect the legacy API. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to block malicious attempts.

Question 98

A company runs an ecommerce web application on AWS. The web application is hosted as a static website on Amazon S3 with Amazon CloudFront for content delivery. An Amazon API Gateway API invokes AWS Lambda functions to handle user requests and order processing for the web application. The Lambda functions store data in an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB cluster that uses On-Demand Instances. The DB cluster usage has been consistent in the past 12 months. Recently, the website has experienced SQL injection and web exploit attempts. Customers also report that order processing time has increased during periods of peak usage. During these periods, the Lambda functions often have cold starts. As the company grows, the company needs to ensure scalability and low-latency access during traffic peaks. The company also must optimize the database costs and add protection against the SQL injection and web exploit attempts. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the Lambda functions to have an increased timeout value during peak periods. Use RDS Reserved Instances for the database. Use CloudFront and subscribe to AWS Shield Advanced to protect against the SQL injection and web exploit attempts.

Increase the memory of the Lambda functions. Transition to Amazon Redshift for the database. Integrate Amazon Inspector with CloudFront to protect against the SQL injection and web exploit attempts.

Use Lambda functions with provisioned concurrency for compute during peak periods. Transition to Amazon Aurora Serverless for the database. Use CloudFront and subscribe to AWS Shield Advanced to protect against the SQL injection and web exploit attempts.

Use Lambda functions with provisioned concurrency for compute during peak periods. Use RDS Reserved Instances for the database. Integrate AWS WAF with CloudFront to protect against the SQL injection and web exploit attempts.

Question 99

A company needs to implement a patching process for its servers. The on-premises servers and Amazon EC2 instances use a variety of tools to perform patching. Management requires a single report showing the patch status of all the servers and instances.

Which set of actions should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS Systems Manager to manage patches on the on-premises servers and EC2 instances. Use Systems Manager to generate patch compliance reports.

Use AWS OpsWorks to manage patches on the on-premises servers and EC2 instances. Use Amazon OuickSight integration with OpsWorks to generate patch compliance reports.

Use an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule to apply patches by scheduling an AWS Systems Manager patch remediation job. Use Amazon Inspector to generate patch compliance reports.

Use AWS OpsWorks to manage patches on the on-premises servers and EC2 instances. Use AWS X-Ray to post the patch status to AWS Systems Manager OpsCenter to generate patch compliance reports.

Question 100

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. For security purposes, the company requires the creation of an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that enables integration with a third-party alerting system in all the Organizations member accounts.

A solutions architect used an AWS CloudFormation template to create the SNS topic and stack sets to automate the deployment of Cloud Formation stacks. Trustedaccess has been enabled in Organizations.

What should the solutions architect do to deploy the CloudFormation StackSets in all AWS accounts?

Options:

Create a stack set in the Organizations member accounts. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to an organization. Use CloudFormation StackSets drift detection.

Create stacks in the Organizations member accounts. Use self-service permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to an organization. Enable the CloudFormation StackSets automatic deployment.

Create a stack set in the Organizations management account. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to the organization. Enable CloudFormation StackSets automatic deployment.

Create stacks in the Organizations management account. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to the organization. Enable CloudFormation StackSets drift detection.

Question 101

A company has developed a new release of a popular video game and wants to make it available for public download The new release package is approximately 5 GB in size. The company provides downloads for existing releases from a Linux-based publicly facing FTP site hosted in an on-premises data center The company expects the new release will be downloaded by users worldwide The company wants a solution that provides improved download performance and low transfer costs regardless of a user's location

Which solutions will meet these requirements'?

Options:

Store the game files on Amazon EBS volumes mounted on Amazon EC2 instances within an Auto Scaling group Configure an FTP service on the EC2 instances Use an Application Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Publish the game download URL for users to downloadthe package

Store the game files on Amazon EFS volumes that are attached to Amazon EC2 instances within an Auto Scaling group Configure an FTP service on each of the EC2 instances Use an Application Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group Publish the game download URL for users to download the package

Configure Amazon Route 53 and an Amazon S3 bucket for website hosting Upload the game files to the S3 bucket Use Amazon CloudFront for the website Publish the game download URL for users to download the package

Configure Amazon Route 53 and an Amazon S3 bucket for website hosting Upload the game files to the S3 bucket Set Requester Pays for the S3 bucket Publish the game download URL for users to download the package

Question 102

A company hosts an application on AWS. The application reads and writes objects that are stored in a single Amazon S3 bucket. The company must modify the application to deploy the application in two AWS Regions.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the S3 bucket as an origin. Deploy the application to a second Region Modify the application to use the CloudFront distribution. Use AWS Global Accelerator to access the data in the S3 bucket.

Create a new S3 bucket in a second Region. Set up bidirectional S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) between the original S3 bucket and the new S3 bucket. Configure an S3 Multi-Region Access Point that uses both S3 buckets. Deploy a modified application to both Regions.

Create a new S3 bucket in a second Region Deploy the application in the second Region. Configure the application to use the new S3 bucket. Set up S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the original S3 bucket to the new S3 bucket.

Set up an S3 gateway endpoint with the S3 bucket as an origin. Deploy the application to a second Region. Modify the application to use the new S3 gateway endpoint. Use S3 Intelligent-Tiering on the S3 bucket.

Question 103

A company wants to use a third-party software-as-a-service (SaaS) application. The third-party SaaS application is consumed through several API calls. The third-party SaaS application also runs on AWS inside a VPC.

The company will consume the third-party SaaS application from inside a VPC. The company has internal security policies that mandate the use of private connectivity that does not traverse the internet. No resources that run in the company VPC are allowed to be accessed from outside the company’s VPC. All permissions must conform to the principles of least privilege.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS PrivateLink interface VPC endpoint. Connect this endpoint to the endpoint service that the third-party SaaS application provides. Create a security group to limit the access to the endpoint. Associate the security group with the endpoint.

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the third-party SaaS application and thecompany VPC. Configure network ACLs to limit access across the VPN tunnels.

Create a VPC peering connection between the third-party SaaS application and the company VPUpdate route tables by adding the needed routes for the peering connection.

Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service. Ask the third-party SaaS provider to create an interface VPC endpoint for this endpoint service. Grant permissions for the endpoint service to the specific account of the third-party SaaS provider.

Question 104

A company is implementing a serverless architecture by using AWS Lambda functions that need to access a Microsoft SQL Server DB instance on Amazon RDS. The company has separate environments for development and production, including a clone of the database system.

The company's developers are allowed to access the credentials for the development database. However, the credentials for the production database must be encrypted with a key that only members of the IT security team's IAM user group can access. This key must be rotated on a regular basis.

What should a solutions architect do in the production environment to meet these requirements?

Options:

Store the database credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store by using a SecureString parameter that is encrypted by an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. Attach a role to each Lambda function to provide access to the SecureString parameter. Restrict access to the Securestring parameter and the customer managed key so that only the IT security team can access the parameter and the key.

Encrypt the database credentials by using the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) default Lambda key. Store the credentials in the environment variables of each Lambda function. Load the credentials from the environment variables in the Lambda code. Restrict access to the KMS key o that only the IT security team can access the key.

Store the database credentials in the environment variables of each Lambda function.Encrypt the environment variables by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. Restrict access to the customer managed key so that only the IT security team can access the key.

Store the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager as a secret that is associated with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customermanaged key. Attach a role to each Lambda function to provide access to the secret. Restrict access to the secret and the customer managed key so that only the IT security team can access the secret and the key.

Question 105

A solutions architect is reviewing a company's process for taking snapshots of Amazon RDS DB instances. The company takes automatic snapshots every day and retains the snapshots for 7 days.

The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution that takes snapshots every 6 hours and retains the snapshots for 30 days. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage all of its AWS accounts. The company needs a consolidated view of the health of the RDS snapshots.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS Backup. Create a backup plan that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Add a tag to the DB instances. Apply the backup plan by using tags. Use AWS Backup to monitor the status of the backups.

Turn on the cross-account management feature in Amazon RDS. Create a snapshot global policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Use the RDS console in the management account to monitor the status of the backups.

Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS CloudFormation. From the management account, deploy a CloudFormation stack set that contains a backup plan from AWS Backup that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Create an AWS Lambda function in the management account tomonitor the status of the backups. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule in each account to run the Lambda function on a schedule.

Configure AWS Backup in each account. Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager lifecycle policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Specify the DB instances as the target resource. Use the Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager console in each member account to monitor the status of the backups.

Question 106

A company is running an application in the AWS Cloud. The application consists of microservices that run on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in multiple Availability Zones behind an Application Load Balancer. The company recently added a new REST API that was implemented in Amazon API Gateway. Some of the older microservices that run on EC2 instances need to call this new API.

The company does not want the API to be accessible from the public internet and does not want proprietary data to traverse the public internet

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the VPC and the API Gateway. Use API Gateway to generate a unique API key for each microservice. Configure the API methods to require the key.

Create an interface VPC endpoint for API Gateway, and set an endpoint policy to only allow access to the specific API Add a resource policy to API Gateway to only allow access from the VPC endpoint. Change the API Gateway endpoint type to private.

Modify the API Gateway to use 1AM authentication. Update the 1AM policy for the 1AM role that is assigned to the EC2 Instances to allow access to the API Gateway. Move the API Gateway into a new VPC Deploy a transit gateway and connect the VPCs.

Create an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator, and connect the accelerator to the API Gateway. Update the route table for all VPC subnets with a route to the created Global Accelerator endpoint IP address. Add an API key for each service to use for authentication.

Question 107

A company has an application that uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster for the application's database. The DB cluster contains one small primary instance and three larger replica instances. The application runs on an AWS Lambda function. The application makes many short-lived connections to the database's replica instances to perform read-only operations.

During periods of high traffic, the application becomes unreliable and the database reports that too many connections are being established. The frequency of high-traffic periods is unpredictable.

Which solution will improve the reliability of the application?

Options:

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the DB cluster. Configure a read-only endpoint for the proxy. Update the Lambda function to connect to the proxyendpoint.

Increase the max_connections setting on the DB cluster's parameter group. Reboot all the instances in the DB cluster. Update the Lambda function to connect to the DB cluster endpoint.

Configure instance scaling for the DB cluster to occur when the DatabaseConnections metric is close to the max _ connections setting. Update the Lambda function to connect to the Aurora reader endpoint.

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the DB cluster. Configure a read-only endpoint for the Aurora Data API on the proxy. Update the Lambda function to connect to the proxy endpoint.

Question 108

A solutions architect is creating an application that stores objects in an Amazon S3 bucket The solutions architect must deploy the application in two AWS Regions that will be used simultaneously The objects in the two S3 buckets must remain synchronized with each other.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select THREE)

Options:

Create an S3 Multi-Region Access Point. Change the application to refer to the Multi-Region Access Point

Configure two-way S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) between the two S3 buckets

Modify the application to store objects in each S3 bucket.

Create an S3 Lifecycle rule for each S3 bucket to copy objects from one S3 bucket to the other S3 bucket.

Enable S3 Versioning for each S3 bucket

Configure an event notification for each S3 bucket to invoke an AVVS Lambda function to copy objects from one S3 bucket to the other S3 bucket.

Question 109

A company is migrating some of its applications to AWS. The company wants to migrate and modernize the applications quickly after it finalizes networking and security strategies. The company has set up an AWS Direct Connection connection in a central network account.

The company expects to have hundreds of AWS accounts and VPCs in the near future. The corporate network must be able to access the resources on AWS seamlessly and also must be able to communicate with all the VPCs. The company also wants to route its cloud resources to the internet through its on-premises data center.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a Direct Connect gateway in the central account. In each of the accounts, create an association proposal by using the Direct Connect gateway and the account ID for every virtual private gateway.

Create a Direct Connect gateway and a transit gateway in the central network account. Attach the transit gateway to the Direct Connect gateway by using a transit VIF.

Provision an internet gateway. Attach the internet gateway to subnets. Allow internet traffic through the gateway.

Share the transit gateway with other accounts. Attach VPCs to the transit gateway.

Provision VPC peering as necessary.

Provision only private subnets. Open the necessary route on the transit gateway and customergateway to allow outbound internet traffic from AWS to flow through NAT services that run in the data center.

Answer:

B, D, F

Explanation:

Option A is incorrect because creating a Direct Connect gateway in the central account and creating an association proposal by using the Direct Connect gateway and the account ID for every virtual private gateway does not enable active-passive failover between the regions. A Direct Connect gateway is a globally available resource that enables you to connect your AWS Direct Connect connection over a private virtual interface (VIF) to one or more VPCs in any AWS Region. A virtual private gateway is the VPN concentrator on the Amazon side of a VPN connection. You can associate a Direct Connect gateway with either a transit gateway or a virtual private gateway. However, a Direct Connect gateway does not provide any load balancing or failover capabilities by itself1

Option B is correct because creating a Direct Connect gateway and a transit gateway in the central network account and attaching the transit gateway to the Direct Connect gateway by using a transit VIF meets the requirement of enabling the corporate network to access the resources on AWS seamlessly and also to communicate with all the VPCs. A transit VIF is a type of private VIF that you can use to connect your AWS Direct Connect connection to a transit gateway or a Direct Connect gateway. A transit gateway is a network transit hub that you can use to interconnect your VPCs and on-premises networks. By using a transit VIF, you can route traffic between your on-premises network and multiple VPCs across different AWS accounts and Regions through a single connection23

Option C is incorrect because provisioning an internet gateway, attaching the internet gateway to subnets, and allowing internet traffic through the gateway does not meet the requirement of routing cloud resources to the internet through its on-premises data center. An internet gateway is a horizontally scaled, redundant, and highly available VPC component that allows communication between your VPC and the internet. An internet gateway serves two purposes: to provide a target in your VPC route tables for internet-routable traffic, and to perform network address translation (NAT) for instances that have been assigned public IPv4 addresses. By using an internet gateway, you are routing cloud resources directly to the internet, not through your on-premises data center.

Option D is correct because sharing the transit gateway with other accounts and attaching VPCs to the transit gateway meets the requirement of enabling the corporate network to access the resources on AWS seamlessly and also to communicate with all the VPCs. You can share your transit gateway with other AWS accounts within the same organization by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM). This allows you to centrally manage connectivity from multiple accounts without having to create individual peering connections between VPCs or duplicate network appliances in each account. You can attach VPCs from different accounts and Regions to your shared transit gateway and enable routing between them.

Option E is incorrect because provisioning VPC peering as necessary does not meet the requirement of enabling the corporate network to access the resources on AWS seamlessly and also to communicate with all the VPCs. VPC peering is a networking connection between two VPCs that enables you to route traffic between them using private IPv4 addresses or IPv6 addresses. You can create a VPC peering connection between your own VPCs, or with a VPC in another AWS account within asingle Region. However, VPC peering does not allow you to route traffic from your on-premises network to your VPCs or between multiple Regions. You would need to create multiple VPN connections or Direct Connect connections for each VPC peering connection, which increases operational complexity and costs.

Option F is correct because provisioning only private subnets, opening the necessary route on the transit gateway and customer gateway to allow outbound internet traffic from AWS to flow through NAT services that run in the data center meets the requirement of routing cloud resources to the internet through its on-premises data center. A private subnet is a subnet that’s associated with a route table that has no route to an internet gateway. Instances in a private subnet can communicate with other instances in the same VPC but cannot access resources on the internet directly. To enable outbound internet access from instances in private subnets, you can use NAT devices such as NAT gateways or NAT instances that are deployed in public subnets. A public subnet is a subnet that’s associated with a route table that has a route to an internet gateway. Alternatively, you can use your on-premises data center as a NAT device by configuring routes on your transit gateway and customer gateway that direct outbound internet traffic from your private subnets through your VPN connection or Direct Connect connection. This way, you can route cloud resources to the internet through your on-premises data center instead of using an internet gateway.

[References: 1: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/directconnect/latest/UserGuide/direct-connect-gateways-intro.html 2: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/directconnect/latest/UserGuide/direct-connect-transit-virtual-interfaces.html 3: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/tgw/what-is-transit-gateway.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_Internet_Gateway.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/tgw/tgw-sharing.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/peering/what-is-vpc-peering.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_Scenario2.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_Scenario3.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_NAT_Instance.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_NAT_Gateway.html, , , , , ]

Question 110

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy its infrastructure. The company is concerned that, if a production CloudFormation stack is deleted, important data stored in Amazon RDS databases or Amazon EBS volumes might also be deleted.

How can the company prevent users from accidentally deleting data in this way?

Options:

Modify the CloudFormation templates to add a DeletionPolicy attribute to RDS and EBS resources.

Configure a stack policy that disallows the deletion of RDS and EBS resources.

Modify 1AM policies to deny deleting RDS and EBS resources that are tagged with an "awsrcloudformation: stack-name" tag.

Use AWS Config rules to prevent deleting RDS and EBS resources.

Question 111

A company runs its application on Amazon EC2 instances and AWS Lambda functions. The EC2 instances experience a continuous and stable load. The Lambda functions

experience a varied and unpredictable load. The application includes a caching layer that uses an Amazon MemoryDB for Redis cluster.

A solutions architect must recommend a solution to minimize the company's overall monthly costs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for Lambda to cover the minimum expectedconsumption of the Lambda functions. Purchase reserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes.

Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase Lambda reserved concurrency to cover the expected Lambda usage. Purchasereserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes.

Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the entire expected cost of the EC2 instances, Lambda functions, and MemoryDB cache nodes.

Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances and the MemoryDB cache nodes. Purchase Lambda reserved concurrency to cover theexpected Lambda usage.

Question 112

A company has deployed applications to thousands of Amazon EC2 instances in an AWS account. A security audit discovers that several unencrypted Amazon EBS volumes are attached to the EC2 instances. The company's security policy requires the EBS volumes to be encrypted.

The company needs to implement an automated solution to encrypt the EBS volumes. The solution also must prevent development teams from creating unencrypted EBS volumes.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the AWS Config managed rule that identifies unencrypted EBS volumes. Configure an automatic remediation action. Associate an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that includes the steps to create a new encrypted EBS volume. Create an AWS KMS customer managed key. In the key policy, include a statement to deny the creation of unencrypted EBS volumes.

Use AWS Systems Manager Fleet Manager to create a list of unencrypted EBS volumes. Create a Systems Manager Automation runbook that includes the steps to create a new encrypted EBS volume. Create an SCP to deny the creation of unencrypted EBS volumes.

Use AWS Systems Manager Fleet Manager to create a list of unencrypted EBS volumes. Create a Systems Manager Automation runbook that includes the steps to create a new encrypted EBS volume. Modify the AWS account setting for EBS encryption to always encrypt new EBS volumes.

Configure the AWS Config managed rule that identifies unencrypted EBS volumes. Configure an automatic remediation action. Associate an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that includes the steps to create a new encrypted EBS volume. Modify the AWS account setting for EBS encryption to always encrypt new EBS volumes.

Question 113

A company is creating a sequel for a popular online game. A large number of users from all over the world will play the game within the first week after launch. Currently, the game consists of the following components deployed in a single AWS Region:

• Amazon S3 bucket that stores game assets

• Amazon DynamoDB table that stores player scores

A solutions architect needs to design a multi-Region solution that will reduce latency improve reliability, and require the least effort to implement

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve assets from the S3 bucket Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication Create a new DynamoDB able in a new Region Use the new table as a replica target tor DynamoDB global tables.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve assets from the S3 bucket. Configure S3 Same-Region Replication. Create a new DynamoDB able m a new Region. Configure asynchronous replication between the DynamoDB tables by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with change data capture (CDC)

Create another S3 bucket in a new Region and configure S3 Cross-Region Replication between the buckets Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and configure origin failover with two origins accessing the S3 buckets in each Region. Configure DynamoDB global tables by enabling Amazon DynamoDB Streams, and add a replica table in a new Region.

Create another S3 bucket in the same Region, and configure S3 Same-Region Replication between the buckets- Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and configure origin failover with two origin accessing the S3 buckets Create a new DynamoDB table m a new Region Use the new table as a replica target for DynamoDB global tables.

Question 114

A company wants to migrate its workloads from on premises to AWS. The workloads run on Linuxand Windows. The company has a large on-premises intra structure that consists of physical machines and VMs that host numerous applications.

The company must capture details about the system configuration. system performance. running processure and network coi.net lions of its o. -premises ,on boards. The company also must divide the on-premises applications into groups for AWS migrations. The company needs recommendations for Amazon EC2 instance types so that the company can run its workloads on AWS in the most cost-effective manner.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Application Discovery Agent on the physical machines and VMs.

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Systems Manager Agent on the physical machines and VMs

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Systems Manager Application Manager.

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Migration Hub.

Generate recommended instance types and associated costs by using AWS Migration Hub.

Import data about server sizes into AWS Trusted Advisor. Follow the recommendations for cost optimization.

Question 115

A company has multiple applications that run on Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets in a VPC. The company has deployed multiple NAT gateways in multiple Availability Zones for internet access. The company wants to block certain websites from being accessed through the NAT gateways. The company also wants to identify the internet destinations that the EC2 instances access.

The company has already created VPC flow logs for the NAT gateways' elastic network interfaces. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the logs and determine the internet destinations that the EC2 instances communicate with. Use AWS Network Firewall to block

the websites.

Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the logs and determine the internet destinations that the EC2 instances communicate with. Use AWS WAF to block the websites.

Use the BytesInFromSource and BytesInFromDestination Amazon CloudWatch metrics to determine the internet destinations that the EC2 instances communicate with. Use AWS Network Firewall to block the websites.

Use the BytesInFromSource and BytesInFromDestination Amazon CloudWatch metrics to determine the internet destinations that the EC2 instances communicate with. Use AWS WAF to block the websites.

Question 116

A company has set up its entire infrastructure on AWS. The company uses Amazon EC2 instances to host its ecommerce website and uses Amazon S3 to store static data. Three engineers at the company handle the cloud administration and development through one AWS account. Occasionally, an engineer alters an EC2 security group configuration of another engineer and causes noncompliance issues in the environment.

A solutions architect must set up a system that tracks changes that the engineers make. The system must send alerts when the engineers make noncompliant changes to the security settings for the EC2 instances.

What is the FASTEST way for the solutions architect to meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up AWS Organizations for the company. Apply SCPs to govern and track noncompliant security group changes that are made to the AWS account.

Enable AWS CloudTrail to capture the changes to EC2 security groups. Enable Amazon CtoudWatch rules to provide alerts when noncompliant security settings are detected.

Enable SCPs on the AWS account to provide alerts when noncompliant security group changes are made to the environment.

Enable AWS Config on the EC2 security groups to track any noncompliant changes Send the changes as alerts through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Question 117

A car rental company has built a serverless REST API to provide data to its mobile app. The app consists of an Amazon API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint, AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless DB cluster. The company recently opened the API to mobile apps of partners. A significant increase in the number of requests resulted, causing sporadic database memory errors. Analysis of the API traffic indicates that clients are making multiple HTTP GET requests for the same queries in a short period of time. Traffic is concentrated during business hours, with spikes around holidays and other events.

The company needs to improve its ability to support the additional usage while minimizing the increase in costs associated with the solution.

Which strategy meets these requirements?

Options:

Convert the API Gateway Regional endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint. Enable caching in the production stage.

Implement an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cache to store the results of the database calls. Modify the Lambda functions to use the cache.

Modify the Aurora Serverless DB cluster configuration to increase the maximum amount of available memory.

Enable throttling in the API Gateway production stage. Set the rate and burst values to limit the incoming calls.

Question 118

A company is hosting an application on AWS for a project that will run for the next 3 years. The application consists of 20 Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances that are registered in a target group for a Network Load Balancer (NLB). The instances are spread across two Availability Zones. The application is stateless and runs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

The company receives reports from users who are experiencing slow responses from the application. Performance metrics show that the instances are at 10% CPU utilization during normal application use. However, the CPU utilization increases to 100% at busy times, which typically last for a few hours.

The company needs a new architecture to resolve the problem of slow responses from the application.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Create an Auto Scaling group. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the target group of the NLB. Set the minimum capacity to 20 and the desired capacity to 28. Purchase Reserved Instances for 20 instances.

Create a Spot Fleet that has a request type of request. Set the TotalTargetCapacity parameter to 20. Set the DefaultTargetCapacityType parameter to On-Demand. Specify the NLB when creating the Spot Fleet.

Create a Spot Fleet that has a request type of maintain. Set the TotalTargetCapacity parameter to 20. Set the DefaultTargetCapacityType parameter to Spot. Replace the NLB with an Application Load Balancer.

Create an Auto Scaling group. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the target group of the NLB. Set the minimum capacity to 4 and the maximum capacity to 28. Purchase Reserved Instances for four instances.

Question 119

A company uses a service to collect metadata from applications that the company hosts on premises. Consumer devices such as TVs and internet radios access the applications. Many older devices do not support certain HTTP headers and exhibit errors when these headers are present in responses. The company has configured an on-premises load balancer to remove the unsupported headers from responses sent to older devices, which the company identified by the User-Agent headers.

The company wants to migrate the service to AWS, adopt serverless technologies, and retain the ability to support the older devices. The company has already migrated the applications into a set of AWS Lambda functions.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the metadata service. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure the CloudFront distribution to forward requests to the ALB. Configure the ALB to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a CloudFront function to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent header.

Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API for the metadata service. Configure API Gateway to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Modify the default gateway responses to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent header.

Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API for the metadata service. Configure API Gateway to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a response mapping template to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent. Associate the response data mapping with the HTTP API.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the metadata service. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure the CloudFront distribution to forward requests to the ALB. Configure the ALB to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a Lambda@Edge function that will remove the problematic headers in response to viewer requests based on the value of the User-Agent header.

Question 120

A company is rearchitecting its applications to run on AWS. The company's infrastructure includes multiple Amazon EC2 instances. The company's development team needs different levels of access. The company wants to implement a policy that requires all Windows EC2 instances to be joined to an Active Directory domain on AWS. The company also wants to Implement enhanced security processes such as multi-factor authentication (MFA). The company wants to use managed AWS services wherever possible.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory implementation. Launch an Amazon Workspace. Connect to and use the Workspace for domain security configuration tasks.

Create an AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory implementation. Launch an EC2 instance. Connect to and use the EC2 instance for domain security configuration tasks.

Create an AWS Directory Service Simple AD implementation. Launch an EC2 instance. Connect to and use the EC2 instance for domain security configuration tasks.

Create an AWS Directory Service Simple AD implementation. Launch an Amazon Workspace. Connect to and use the Workspace for domain security configuration tasks.

Question 121

A company runs a web application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. End users experience slow application performance during times of peak usage, when CPU utilization is consistently more than 95%.

A user data script installs required custom packages on the EC2 instance. The process of launchingthe instance takes several minutes.

The company is creating an Auto Scaling group that has mixed instance groups, varied CPUs, and a maximum capacity limit. The Auto Scaling group will use a launch template for various configuration options. The company needs to decrease application latency when new instances are launched during auto scaling.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use a predictive scaling policy. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

Use a predictive scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script.

Question 122

A company runs an loT platform on AWS loT sensors in various locations send data to the company's Node js API servers on Amazon EC2 instances running behind an Application Load Balancer The data is stored in an Amazon RDS MySQL DB instance that uses a 4 TB General Purpose SSD volume

The number of sensors the company has deployed in the field has increased over time and is expected to grow significantly The API servers are consistently overloaded and RDS metrics show high write latency

Which of the following steps together will resolve the issues permanently and enable growth as new sensors are provisioned, while keeping this platform cost-efficient? {Select TWO.)

Options:

Resize the MySQL General Purpose SSD storage to 6 TB to improve the volume's IOPS

Re-architect the database tier to use Amazon Aurora instead of an RDS MySQL DB instance andadd read replicas

Leverage Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and AWS Lambda to ingest and process the raw data

Use AWS X-Ray to analyze and debug application issues and add more API servers to match the load

Re-architect the database tier to use Amazon DynamoDB instead of an RDS MySQL DB instance

Answer:

B, E

Explanation:

Option C is correct because leveraging Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and AWS Lambda to ingest and process the raw data resolves the issues permanently and enable growth as new sensors are provisioned. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a serverless streaming data service that simplifies the capture, processing, and storage of data streams at any scale. Kinesis Data Streams can handle any amount of streaming data and process data from hundreds of thousands of sources with very low latency. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. Lambda can be triggered by Kinesis Data Streams events and process the data records in real time. Lambda can also scale automatically based on the incoming data volume. By using Kinesis Data Streams and Lambda, the company can reduce the load on the API servers and improve the performance and scalability of the data ingestion and processing layer3

Option E is correct because re-architecting the database tier to use Amazon DynamoDB instead of an RDS MySQL DB instance resolves the issues permanently and enable growth as new sensors are provisioned. Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed key-value and document database that delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale. DynamoDB supports auto scaling, which automatically adjusts read and write capacity based on actual traffic patterns. DynamoDB also supports on-demand capacity mode, which instantly accommodates up to double the previous peak traffic on a table. By using DynamoDB instead of RDS MySQL DB instance, the company can eliminate high write latency and improve scalability and performance of the database tier.

[References: 1: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-volume-types.html 2: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/CHAP_AuroraOverview.html 3: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/streams/latest/dev/introduction.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/welcome.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/devguide/aws-xray.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/Introduction.html :, , , , , ]

Question 123

A company wants to migrate to AWS. The company wants to use a multi-account structure with centrally managed access to all accounts and applications. The company also wants to keep the traffic on a private network. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is required at login, and specific roles are assigned to user groups.

The company must create separate accounts for development. staging, production, and shared network. The production account and the shared network account must have connectivity to all accounts. The development account and the staging account must have access only to each other.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take 10 meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Deploy a landing zone environment by using AWS Control Tower. Enroll accounts and invite existing accounts into the resulting organization in AWS Organizations.

Enable AWS Security Hub in all accounts to manage cross-account access. Collect findings through AWS CloudTrail to force MFA login.

Create transit gateways and transit gateway VPC attachments in each account. Configure appropriate route tables.

Set up and enable AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). Create appropriate permission sets with required MFA for existing accounts.

Enable AWS Control Tower in all Recounts to manage routing between accounts. Collect findings through AWS CloudTrail to force MFA login.

Create IAM users and groups. Configure MFA for all users. Set up Amazon Cognito user pools and identity pools to manage access to accounts and between accounts.

Question 124

A company is using AWS Control Tower to manage AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company has an OU that contains accounts. The company

must prevent any new or existing Amazon EC2 instances in the OUs accounts from gaining a public IP address.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure all instances in each account in the OU to use AWS Systems Manager. Use a Systems Manager Automation runbook to prevent public IP addressesfrom being attached to the instances.

Implement the AWS Control Tower proactive control to check whether instances in the OU's accounts have a public IP address. Set theAssociatePubIicIpAddress property to False. Attach the proactive control to the OU.

Create an SCP that prevents the launch of instances that have a public IP address. Additionally, configure the SCP to prevent the attachment of apublic IP address to existing instances. Attach the SCP to the OU.

Create an AWS Config custom rule that detects instances that have a public IP address. Configure a remediation action that uses an AWS Lambda function to detach the public IP addresses from the instances.

Question 125

A company wants to retire its Oracle Solaris NFS storage arrays. The company requires rapid data migration over its internet network connection to a combination of destinations for Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, and Amazon FSx for Windows File Server. The company also requires a full initial copy, as well as incremental transfers of changes until the retirement of the storage arrays. All data must be encrypted and checked for integrity.

What should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Application Migration Service. Create a project and deploy the AWS Replication Agent and token to the storage array. Run the migration plan to start the transfer.

Configure AWS DataSync. Configure the DataSync agent and deploy it to the local network. Create a transfer task and start the transfer.

Configure the aws S3 sync command. Configure the AWS client on the client side with credentials. Run the sync command to start the transfer.

Configure AWS Transfer for FTP. Configure the FTP client with credentials. Script the client to connect and sync to start the transfer.

Question 126

A company runs an application in an on-premises data center. The application gives users the ability to upload media files. The files persist in a file server. The web application has many users. The application server is overutilized, which causes data uploads to fail occasionally. The company frequently adds new storage to the file server. The company wants to resolve these challenges by migrating the application to AWS.

Users from across the United States and Canada access the application. Only authenticated usersshould have the ability to access the application to upload files. The company will consider a solution that refactors the application, and the company needs to accelerate application development.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the application server to Amazon EC2 instances. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Use an Application Load Balancer to distribute the requests. Modify the application to use Amazon S3 to persist the files. Use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users.

Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the application server to Amazon EC2 instances. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Use an Application Load Balancer to distribute the requests. Set up AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to give users the ability to sign in to the application. Modify the application to use Amazon S3 to persist the files.

Create a static website for uploads of media files. Store the static assets in Amazon S3. Use AWS AppSync to create an API. Use AWS Lambda resolvers to upload the media files to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users.

Use AWS Amplify to create a static website for uploads of media files. Use Amplify Hosting to serve the website through Amazon CloudFront. Use Amazon S3 to store the uploaded media files. Use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should use AWS Amplify to create a static website for uploads of media files. The company should use Amplify Hosting to serve the website through Amazon CloudFront. The company should use Amazon S3 to store the uploaded media files. The company should use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because AWS Amplify is a complete solution that lets frontend web and mobile developers easily build, ship, and host full-stack applications on AWS, with the flexibility to leverage the breadth of AWS services as use cases evolve. No cloud expertise needed1. By using AWS Amplify, the company can refactor the application to a serverless architecture that reduces operational complexity and costs. AWS Amplify offers the following features and benefits:

Amplify Studio: A visual interface that enables you to build and deploy a full-stack app quickly, including frontend UI and backend.

Amplify CLI: A local toolchain that enables you to configure and manage an app backend with just a few commands.

Amplify Libraries: Open-source client libraries that enable you to build cloud-powered mobile and web apps.

Amplify UI Components: Open-source design system with cloud-connected components for building feature-rich apps fast.

Amplify Hosting: Fully managed CI/CD and hosting for fast, secure, and reliable static and server-side rendered apps.

By using AWS Amplify to create a static website for uploads of media files, the company can leverage Amplify Studio to visually build a pixel-perfect UI and connect it to a cloudbackend in clicks. By using Amplify Hosting to serve the website through Amazon CloudFront, the company can easily deploy its web app or website to the fast, secure, and reliable AWS content delivery network (CDN), with hundreds of points of presence globally. By using Amazon S3 to store the uploaded media files, the company can benefit from a highly scalable, durable, and cost-effective object storage service that can handle any amount of data2. By using Amazon Cognito to authenticate users, the company can add user sign-up, sign-in, and access control to its web app with a fully managed service that scales to support millions of users3.

The other options are not correct because:

Using AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the application server to Amazon EC2 instances would not refactor the application or accelerate development. AWS Application Migration Service (AWS MGN) is a service that enables you to migrate physical servers, virtual machines (VMs), or cloud servers from any source infrastructure to AWS without requiring agents or specialized tools. However, this would not address the challenges of overutilization and data uploads failures. It would also not reduce operational overhead or costs compared to a serverless architecture.

Creating a static website for uploads of media files and using AWS AppSync to create an API would not be as simple or fast as using AWS Amplify. AWS AppSync is a service that enables you to create flexible APIs for securely accessing, manipulating, and combining data from one or more data sources. However, this would require more configuration and management than using Amplify Studio and Amplify Hosting. It would also not provide authentication features like Amazon Cognito.

Setting up AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to give users the ability to sign in to the application would not be as suitable as using Amazon Cognito. AWS Single Sign-On (AWS SSO) is a service that enables you to centrally manage SSO access and user permissions across multiple AWS accounts and business applications. However, this service is designed for enterprise customers who need to manage access for employees or partners across multiple resources. It is not intended for authenticating end users of web or mobile apps.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/amplify/, https://aws.amazon.com/s3/, https://aws.amazon.com/cognito/, https://aws.amazon.com/mgn/, https://aws.amazon.com/appsync/, https://aws.amazon.com/single-sign-on/, , , , , ]

Question 127

A company runs a processing engine in the AWS Cloud The engine processes environmental data from logistics centers to calculate a sustainability index The company has millions of devices in logistics centers that are spread across Europe The devices send information to the processing engine through a RESTful API

The API experiences unpredictable bursts of traffic The company must implement a solution to process all data that the devices send to the processing engine Data loss is unacceptable

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) for the RESTful API Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue Create a listener and a target group for the ALB Add the SQS queue as the target Use a container that runs in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Fargate launch type to process messages in the queue

Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API that implements the RESTful API Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue Create an API Gateway service integration with the SQS queue Create an AWS Lambda function toprocess messages in the SQS queue

Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API that implements the RESTful API Create a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group Create an API Gateway Auto Scaling group proxy integration Use the EC2 instances to process incoming data

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the RESTful API Create a data stream in Amazon Kinesis Data Streams Set the data stream as the origin for the distribution Create an AWS Lambda function to consume and process data in the data stream

Question 128

A company has 10 accounts that are part of an organization in AWS Organizations AWS Config is configured in each account All accounts belong to either the Prod OU or the NonProd OU

The company has set up an Amazon EventBridge rule in each AWS account to notify an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when an Amazon EC2 security group inbound rule is created with 0.0.0.0/0 as the source The company's security team is subscribed to the SNS topic

For all accounts in the NonProd OU the security team needs to remove the ability to create a security group inbound rule that includes 0.0.0.0/0 as the source

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Modify the EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to remove the security group inbound rule and to publish to the SNS topic Deploy the updated rule to the NonProd OU

Add the vpc-sg-open-only-to-authorized-ports AWS Config managed rule to the NonProd OU

Configure an SCP to allow the ec2 AulhonzeSecurityGrouplngress action when the value of the aws Sourcelp condition key is not 0.0.0.0/0 Apply the SCP to the NonProd OU

Configure an SCP to deny the ec2 AuthorizeSecurityGrouplngress action when the value of the aws Sourcelp condition key is 0.0.0.0/0 Apply the SCP to the NonProd OU

Question 129

A solutions architect needs to assess a newly acquired company’s portfolio of applications and databases. The solutions architect must create a business case to migrate the portfolio to AWS. The newly acquired company runs applications in an on-premises data center. The data center is not well documented. The solutions architect cannot immediately determine how many applications and databases exist. Traffic for the applications is variable. Some applications are batch processes that run at the end of each month.

The solutions architect must gain a better understanding of the portfolio before a migration to AWS can begin.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) and AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to evaluate migration. Use AWS Service Catalog to understand application and database dependencies.

Use AWS Application Migration Service. Run agents on the on-premises infrastructure. Manage the agents by using AWS Migration Hub. Use AWS Storage Gateway to assess local storage needs and database dependencies.

Use Migration Evaluator to generate a list of servers. Build a report for a business case. Use AWS Migration Hub to view the portfolio. Use AWS Application Discovery Service to gain anunderstanding of application dependencies.

Use AWS Control Tower in the destination account to generate an application portfolio. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to generate deeper reports and a business case. Use a landing zone for core accounts and resources.

Question 130

A company is preparing to deploy an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster for a workload. The company expects the cluster to support an

unpredictable number of stateless pods. Many of the pods will be created during a short time period as the workload automatically scales the number of replicas that the workload uses.

Which solution will MAXIMIZE node resilience?

Options:

Use a separate launch template to deploy the EKS control plane into a second cluster that is separate from the workload node groups.

Update the workload node groups. Use a smaller number of node groups and larger instances in the node groups.

Configure the Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler to ensure that the compute capacity of the workload node groups stays under provisioned.

Configure the workload to use topology spread constraints that are based on Availability Zone.

Question 131

A company has five development teams that have each created five AWS accounts to develop and host applications. To track spending, the development teams log in to each account every month, record the current cost from the AWS Billing and Cost Management console, and provide the information to the company's finance team.

The company has strict compliance requirements and needs to ensure that resources are created only in AWS Regions in the United States. However, some resources have been created in other Regions.

A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that gives the finance team the ability to track and consolidate expenditures for all the accounts. The solution also must ensure that the company can create resources only in Regions in the United States.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a new account to serve as a management account. Create an Amazon S3 bucket for the finance learn Use AWS Cost and Usage Reports to create monthly reports and to store the data in the finance team's S3 bucket.

Create a new account to serve as a management account. Deploy an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled. Invite all the existing accounts to the organization. Ensure that each account accepts the invitation.

Create an OU that includes all the development teams. Create an SCP that allows the creation of resources only in Regions that are in the United States. Apply the SCP to the OU.

Create an OU that includes all the development teams. Create an SCP that denies (he creation of resources in Regions that are outside the United States. Apply the SCP to the OU.

Create an 1AM role in the management account Attach a policy that includes permissions to view the Billing and Cost Management console. Allow the finance learn users to assume the role. Use AWS Cost Explorer and the Billing and Cost Management console to analyze cost.

Create an 1AM role in each AWS account. Attach a policy that includes permissions to view the Billing and Cost Management console. Allow the finance team users to assume the role.

Question 132

A company built an ecommerce website on AWS using a three-tier web architecture. The application is Java-based and composed of an Amazon CloudFront distribution, an Apache web server layer of Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group, and a backend Amazon Aurora MySQL database.

Last month, during a promotional sales event, users reported errors and timeouts while adding items to their shopping carts. The operations team recovered the logs created by the web servers and reviewed Aurora DB cluster performance metrics. Some of the web servers were terminated before logs could be collected and the Aurora metrics were not sufficient for query performance analysis.

Which combination of steps must the solutions architect take to improve application performance visibility during peak traffic events? (Choose three.)

Options:

Configure the Aurora MySQL DB cluster to publish slow query and error logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Implement the AWS X-Ray SDK to trace incoming HTTP requests on the EC2 instances and implement tracing of SQL queries with the X-Ray SDK for Java.

Configure the Aurora MySQL DB cluster to stream slow query and error logs to Amazon Kinesis

Install and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent on the EC2 instances to send the Apache logs to CloudWatch Logs.

Enable and configure AWS CloudTrail to collect and analyze application activity from Amazon EC2 and Aurora.

Enable Aurora MySQL DB cluster performance benchmarking and publish the stream to AWS X-Ray.

Question 133

A company is processing videos in the AWS Cloud by using Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. It takes 30 minutes to process a video. Several EC2 instances scale in and out depending on the number of videos in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue.

The company has configured the SQS queue with a redrive policy that specifies a target dead-letter queue and a maxReceiveCount of 1. The company has set the visibility timeout for the SQS queue to 1 hour. The company has set up an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to notify the development team when there are messages in the dead-letter queue.

Several times during the day, the development team receives notification that messages are in the dead-letter queue and that videos have not been processed properly. An investigation finds no errors in the application logs.

How can the company solve this problem?

Options:

Turn on termination protection for the EC2 instances.

Update the visibility timeout for the SOS queue to 3 hours.

Configure scale-in protection for the instances during processing.

Update the redrive policy and set maxReceiveCount to 0.

Question 134

A company has application services that have been containerized and deployed on multiple Amazon EC2 instances with public IPs. An Apache Kafka cluster has been deployed to the EC2 instances. A PostgreSQL database has been migrated to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The company expects a significant increase of orders on its platform when a new version of its flagship product is released.

What changes to the current architecture will reduce operational overhead and support the product release?

Options:

Create an EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. Create additional read replicas for the DB instance. Create Amazon Kinesis data streams and configure the application services to use the data streams. Store and serve static content directly from Amazon S3.

Create an EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. Deploy theDB instance in Multi-AZ mode and enable storage auto scaling. Create Amazon Kinesis data streams and configure the application services to use the data streams. Store and serve static content directly from Amazon S3.

Deploy the application on a Kubernetes cluster created on the EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Deploy the DB instance in Multi-AZ mode and enable storage auto scaling. Create an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka cluster and configure the application services to use the cluster. Store static content in Amazon S3 behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution.

Deploy the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) with AWS Fargate and enable auto scaling behind an Application Load Balancer. Create additional read replicas for the DB instance. Create an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka cluster and configure the application services to use the cluster. Store static content in Amazon S3 behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution.

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. Deploy the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) with AWS Fargate and enable auto scaling behind an Application Load Balancer. Create additional read replicas for the DB instance. Create an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka cluster and configure the application services to use the cluster. Store static content in Amazon S3 behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution.

Option D meets the requirements of the scenario because it allows you to reduce operational overhead and support the product release by using the following AWS services and features:

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) is a fully managed service that allows you to run Kubernetes applications on AWS without needing to install, operate, or maintain your own Kubernetes control plane. You can use Amazon EKS to deploy your containerized application services on a Kubernetes cluster that is compatible with your existing tools and processes.

AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine that eliminates the need to provision and manage servers for your containers. You can use AWS Fargate as the launch type for your Amazon EKS pods, which are the smallest deployable units of computing in Kubernetes. You can also enable auto scaling for your pods, which allows you to automatically adjust the number of pods based on the demand or custom metrics.

An Application Load Balancer (ALB) is a load balancer that distributes traffic across multiple targets in multiple Availability Zones using HTTP or HTTPS protocols. You can use an ALB to balance the load across your Amazon EKS pods and provide high availability and fault tolerance for your application.

Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL is a fully managed relational database service that supports the PostgreSQL open source database engine. You can create additional read replicas for your DB instance, which are copies of your primary DB instance that can handle read-only queries and improve performance. You can also useread replicas to scale out beyond the capacity of a single DB instance for read-heavy workloads.

Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) is a fully managed service that makes it easy to build and run applications that use Apache Kafka to process streaming data. Apache Kafka is an open source platform for building real-time data pipelines and streaming applications. You can use Amazon MSK to create and manage a Kafka cluster that is highly available, secure, and compatible with your existing Kafka applications. You can also configure your application services to use the Amazon MSK cluster as a source or destination of streaming data.

Amazon S3 is an object storage service that offers high durability, availability, and scalability. You can store static content such as images, videos, or documents in Amazon S3 buckets, which are containers for objects. You can also serve static content directly from Amazon S3 using public URLs or presigned URLs.

Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency and high transfer speeds. You can use Amazon CloudFront to create a distribution that caches static content from your Amazon S3 bucket at edge locations closer to your users. This can improve the performance and user experience of your application.

Option A is incorrect because creating an EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an ALB would not reduce operational overhead as much as using AWS Fargate with Amazon EKS, as you would still need to manage EC2 instances for your containers. Creating additional read replicas for the DB instance would not provide high availability or fault tolerance in case of a failure of the primary DB instance, unlike deploying the DB instance in Multi-AZ mode. Creating Amazon Kinesis data streams would not be compatible with your existing Apache Kafka applications, unlike using Amazon MSK.

Option B is incorrect because creating an EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an ALB would not reduce operational overhead as much as using AWS Fargate with Amazon EKS, as you would still need to manage EC2 instances for your containers. Creating Amazon Kinesis data streams would not be compatible with your existing Apache Kafka applications, unlike using Amazon MSK. Storing and serving static content directly from Amazon S3 would not provide optimal performance and user experience, unlike using Amazon CloudFront.

Option C is incorrect because deploying the application on a Kubernetes cluster created on the EC2 instances behind an ALB would not reduce operational overhead as much as using AWS Fargate with Amazon EKS, as you would still need to manage EC2 instances and Kubernetes control plane for your containers. Using Amazon API Gateway to interact with the application would add an unnecessary layer of complexity and cost to your architecture, as you would need to create and maintain an API gateway that proxies requests to your ALB.

Question 135

A company wants to migrate its website from an on-premises data center onto AWS. At the same time, it wants to migrate the website to a containerized microservice-based architecture to improve the availability and cost efficiency. The company's security policy states that privileges and network permissions must be configured according to best practice, using least privilege.

A Solutions Architect must create a containerized architecture that meets the security requirements and has deployed the application to an Amazon ECS cluster.

What steps are required after the deployment to meet the requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Create tasks using the bridge network mode.

Create tasks using the awsvpc network mode.

Apply security groups to Amazon EC2 instances, and use IAM roles for EC2 instances to access other resources.

Apply security groups to the tasks, and pass IAM credentials into the container at launch time to access other resources.

Apply security groups to the tasks, and use IAM roles for tasks to access other resources.

Question 136

An EC2-based ticketing service pulls a frequently updated pricing file (stored in S3) on startup. Sometimes EC2s have stale pricing, causing charge issues.

Options:

Lambda updates DynamoDB with new prices.

Lambda updates Amazon EFS.

Use Mountpoint for S3 to mount the pricing file to EC2.

Use Multi-Attach EBS volume for price file.

Question 137

A company manages multiple AWS accounts by using AWS Organizations. Under the root OU. the company has two OUs: Research and DataOps.

Because of regulatory requirements, all resources that the company deploys in the organizationmust reside in the ap-northeast-1 Region. Additionally. EC2 instances that the company deploys in the DataOps OU must use a predefined list of instance types

A solutions architect must implement a solution that applies these restrictions. The solution must maximize operational efficiency and must minimize ongoing maintenance

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO )

Options:

Create an IAM role in one account under the DataOps OU Use the ec2 Instance Type condition key in an inline policy on the role to restrict access to specific instance types.

Create an IAM user in all accounts under the root OU Use the aws RequestedRegion condition key in an inline policy on each user to restrict access to all AWS Regions except ap-northeast-1.

Create an SCP Use the aws:RequestedRegion condition key to restrict access to all AWS Regions except ap-northeast-1 Apply the SCP to the root OU.

Create an SCP Use the ec2Reo»on condition key to restrict access to all AWS Regions except ap-northeast-1. Apply the SCP to the root OU. the DataOps OU. and the Research OU.

Create an SCP Use the ec2:lnstanceType condition key to restrict access to specific instance types Apply the SCP to the DataOps OU.

Question 138

A company is running an application on premises. The application uses a set of web servers that host a static React-based single-page application (SPA), a Node.js API, and a MYSQL database server. The database is read intensive. The company will need to expand the database's storage at an unpredictable rate.

The company must migrate the application to AWS. The company also must modernize the architecture to reduce infrastructure management and increase scalability.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate theweb application to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancer. Use a Spot Fleet with a request type of request to host the API.

Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. Copy the web files to an Amazon S3 bucket and set upweb hosting. Copy the API code to AWS Lambda functions. Configure Amazon API Gateway to point to the Lambda functions.

Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the database to a MySQL database that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. Use AWS DataSync tomigrate the web files and API files to an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system. Set up a fleet of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group as web servers. Mount the FSx for Windows File Server file system.

Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the database to Amazon EC2 instances. Copy the web files to containers that run on Amazon ElasticKubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Set up an Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancer for the EC2 instances and EKS containers. Copy the API code to AWS Lambda functions. Configure Amazon API Gateway to point to the Lambda functions.

Question 139

A company is using AWS Organizations with a multi-account architecture. The company's current security configuration for the account architecture includes SCPs, resource-based policies, identity-based policies, trust policies, and session policies.

A solutions architect needs to allow an IAM user in Account A to assume a role in Account B.

Which combination of steps must the solutions architect take to meet this requirement? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Configure the SCP for Account A to allow the action.

Configure the resource-based policies to allow the action.

Configure the identity-based policy on the user in Account A to allow the action.

Configure the identity-based policy on the user in Account B to allow the action.

Configure the trust policy on the target role in Account B to allow the action.

Configure the session policy to allow the action and to be passed programmatically by the GetSessionToken API operation.

Question 140

A company is running a critical application that uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL database to store data. The RDS DB instance is deployed in Multi-AZ mode.

A recent RDS database failover test caused a 40-second outage to the application A solutions architect needs to design a solution to reduce the outage time to less than 20 seconds.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Use Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached in front of the database

Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis in front of the database.

Use RDS Proxy in front of the database

Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL

Create an Amazon Aurora Replica

Create an RDS for MySQL read replica

Question 141

A company is running applications on AWS in a multi-account environment. The company's sales team and marketing team use separate AWS accounts in AWS Organizations.

The sales team stores petabytes of data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The marketing team uses Amazon QuickSight for data visualizations. The marketing team needs access to data that the sates team stores in the S3 bucket. The company has encrypted the S3 bucket with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. The marketing team has already created the IAM service role for QuickSight to provide QuickSight access in the marketing AWS account. The company needs a solution that will provide secure access to the data in the S3 bucket across AWS accounts.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a new S3 bucket in the marketing account. Create an S3 replication rule in the sales account to copy the objects to the new S3 bucket in the marketing account. Update the QuickSight permissions in the marketing account to grant access to the new S3 bucket.

Create an SCP to grant access to the S3 bucket to the marketing account. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the KMS key from the sates account with the marketing account. Update the QuickSight permissions in the marketing account to grant access to the S3 bucket.

Update the S3 bucket policy in the marketing account to grant access to the QuickSight role. Create a KMS grant for the encryption key that is used in the S3 bucket. Grant decrypt access to the QuickSight role. Update the QuickSight permissions in the marketing account to grant access to the S3 bucket.

Create an IAM role in the sales account and grant access to the S3 bucket. From the marketing account, assume the IAM role in the sales account to access the S3 bucket. Update the QuickSight rote, to create a trust relationship with the new IAM role in the sales account.

Question 142

A solutions architect is designing an AWS account structure for a company that consists of multiple teams. All the teams will work in the same AWS Region. The company needs a VPC that is connected to the on-premises network. The company expects less than 50 Mbps of total traffic to and from the on-premises network.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an AWS Cloud Formation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to each AWS account.

Create an AWS Cloud Formation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to a shared services account Share the subnets by using AWS Resource Access Manager.

Use AWS Transit Gateway along with an AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network. Share the transit gateway by using AWS Resource Access Manager.

Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network.

Use AWS Direct Connect for connectivity to the on-premises network.

Question 143

A company has hundreds of AWS accounts. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage all the accounts. The company has turned on all features.

A finance team has allocated a daily budget for AWS costs. The finance team must receive an email notification if the organization's AWS costs exceed 80% of the allocated budget. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to track the costs and deliver the notifications.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

In the organization's management account, use AWS Budgets to create a budget that has a daily period. Add an alert threshold and set the value to 80%. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the finance team.

In the organization’s management account, set up the organizational view feature for AWS Trusted Advisor. Create an organizational view report for cost optimization.Set an alert threshold of 80%. Configure notification preferences. Add the email addresses of the finance team.

Register the organization with AWS Control Tower. Activate the optional cost control (guardrail). Set a control (guardrail) parameter of 80%. Configure control (guardrail) notification preferences. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the finance team.

Configure the member accounts to save a daily AWS Cost and Usage Report to an Amazon S3 bucket in the organization's management account. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule a daily Amazon Athena query to calculate the organization’s costs. Configure Athena to send an Amazon CloudWatch alert if the total costs are more than 80% of the allocated budget. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the finance team.

Question 144

A solutions architect is investigating an issue in which a company cannot establish new sessions in Amazon Workspaces. An initial analysis indicates that the issue involves user profiles. The AmazonWorkspaces environment is configured to use Amazon FSx for Windows File Server as the profile share storage. The FSx for Windows File Server file system is configured with 10 TB of storage.

The solutions architect discovers that the file system has reached its maximum capacity. The solutions architect must ensure that users can regain access. The solution also must prevent the problem from occurring again.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Remove old user profiles to create space. Migrate the user profiles to an Amazon FSx for Lustre file system.

Increase capacity by using the update-file-system command. Implement an Amazon CloudWatch metric that monitors free space. Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke an AWS Lambda function to increase capacity as required.

Monitor the file system by using the FreeStorageCapacity metric in Amazon CloudWatch. Use AWS Step Functions to increase the capacity as required.

Remove old user profiles to create space. Create an additional FSx for Windows File Server file system. Update the user profile redirection for 50% of the users to use the new file system.

Question 145

A solutions architect is designing a solution to process events. The solution must have the ability to scale in and out based on the number of events that the solution receives. If a processing error occurs, the event must move into a separate queue for review.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Send event details to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Configure an AWS Lambda function as a subscriber to the SNS topic to process the events. Add an on-failure destination to the function. Set an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as the target.

Publish events to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. Configure the Auto Scaling group to scale in and out based on the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metric of the queue. Configure the application to write failed messages to a dead-letter queue.

Write events to an Amazon DynamoDB table. Configure a DynamoDB stream for the table. Configure the stream to invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to process the events.

Publish events to an Amazon EventBridge event bus. Create and run an application on an Amazon EC2 instance with an Auto Scaling group that isbehind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Set the ALB as the event bus target. Configure the event bus to retry events. Write messages to a dead-letter queue if the application cannot process the messages.

Answer:

Explanation:

Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) is a fully managed pub/sub messaging service that enables users to send messages to multiple subscribers1. Users can sendevent details to an Amazon SNS topic and configure an AWS Lambda function as a subscriber to the SNS topic to process the events. Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the underlying compute resources2. Users can add an on-failure destination to the function and set an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as the target. Amazon SQS is a fully managed message queuing service that enables users to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications3. This way, if a processing error occurs, the event will move into the separate queue for review.

Option B is incorrect because publishing events to an Amazon SQS queue and creating an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group will not have the ability to scale in and out based on the number of events that the solution receives. Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. Auto Scaling is a feature that helps users maintain application availability and allows them to scale their EC2 capacity up or down automatically according to conditions they define. However, for this use case, using SQS and EC2 will not take advantage of the serverless capabilities of Lambda and SNS.

Option C is incorrect because writing events to an Amazon DynamoDB table and configuring a DynamoDB stream for the table will not have the ability to move events into a separate queue for review if a processing error occurs. Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed key-value and document database that delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale. DynamoDB Streams is a feature that captures data modification events in DynamoDB tables. Users can configure the stream to invoke a Lambda function, but they cannot configure an on-failure destination for the function.

Option D is incorrect because publishing events to an Amazon EventBridge event bus and setting an Application Load Balancer (ALB) as the event bus target will not have the ability to move events into a separate queue for review if a processing error occurs. Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus service that makes it easy to connect applications with data from a variety of sources. An ALB is a load balancer that distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers, IP addresses, Lambda functions, and virtual appliances. Users can configure EventBridge to retry events, but they cannot configure an on-failure destination for the ALB.

Question 146

A company hosts a ticketing service on a fleet of Linux Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The ticketing service uses a pricing file. The pricing file is stored in an Amazon S3 bucket that has S3 Standard storage. A central pricing solution that is hosted by a third party updates the pricing file.

The pricing file is updated every 1–15 minutes and has several thousand line items. The pricing file is downloaded to each EC2 instance when the instance launches.

The EC2 instances occasionally use outdated pricing information that can result in incorrect charges for customers.

Which solution will resolve this problem MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function to update an Amazon DynamoDB table with new prices each time the pricing file is updated. Update the ticketing service to use DynamoDB to look up pricing.

Create an AWS Lambda function to update an Amazon EFS file share with the pricing file each time the file is updated. Update the ticketing service to use Amazon EFS to access the pricing file.

Load Mountpoint for Amazon S3 onto the AMI of the EC2 instances. Configure Mountpoint for Amazon S3 to mount the S3 bucket that contains the pricing file. Update the ticketing service to point to the mount point and path to access the S3 object.

Create an Amazon EBS volume. Use EBS Multi-Attach to attach the volume to every EC2 instance. When a new EC2 instance launches, configure the new instance to update the pricing file on the EBS volume. Update the ticketing service to point to the new local source.

Question 147

A retail company is operating its ecommerce application on AWS. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company uses an Amazon RDS DB instance as the database backend. Amazon CloudFront is configured with one origin that points to the ALB. Static content is cached. Amazon Route 53 is used to host all public zones.

After an update of the application, the ALB occasionally returns a 502 status code (Bad Gateway) error. The root cause is malformed HTTP headers that are returned to the ALB. The webpage returns successfully when a solutions architect reloads the webpage immediately after the error occurs.

While the company is working on the problem, the solutions architect needs to provide a custom error page instead of the standard ALB error page to visitors.

Which combination of steps will meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of operational overhead? (Choose two.)

Options:

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the S3 bucket to host a static webpage. Upload the custom error pages to Amazon S3.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function if the ALB health check response Target.FailedHealthChecks is greater than 0. Configure the Lambda function to modify the forwarding rule at the ALB to point to a publicly accessible web server.

Modify the existing Amazon Route 53 records by adding health checks. Configure a fallback target if the health check fails. Modify DNS records to point to a publicly accessible webpage.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function if the ALB health check response Elb.InternalError is greater than 0. Configure the Lambda function to modify the forwarding rule at the ALB to point to a public accessible web server.

Add a custom error response by configuring a CloudFront custom error page. Modify DNS records to point to a publicly accessible web page.

Question 148

To abide by industry regulations, a solutions architect must design a solution that will store a company's critical data in multiple public AWS Regions, including in the United States, where the company's headquarters is located The solutions architect is required to provide access to the data stored in AWS to the company's global WAN network The security team mandates that no traffic accessing this data should traverse the public internet

How should the solutions architect design a highly available solution that meets the requirements and is cost-effective'?

Options:

Establish AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to all AWS Regions in use the company WAN to send traffic over to the headquarters and then to the respective DX connection to access the data

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use inter-region VPC peering to access the data in other AWS Regions

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use an AWS transit VPC solution to access data in other AWS Regions

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use Direct Connect Gateway to access data in other AWS Regions.

Question 149

An enterprise company is building an infrastructure services platform for its users. The company has the following requirements:

Provide least privilege access to users when launching AWS infrastructure so users cannot provision unapproved services.

Use a central account to manage the creation of infrastructure services.

Provide the ability to distribute infrastructure services to multiple accounts in AWS Organizations.

Provide the ability to enforce tags on any infrastructure that is started by users.

Which combination of actions using AWS services will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Develop infrastructure services using AWS Cloud Formation templates. Add the templates to acentral Amazon S3 bucket and add the-IAM roles or users that require access to the S3 bucket policy.

Develop infrastructure services using AWS Cloud Formation templates. Upload each template as an AWS Service Catalog product to portfolios created in a central AWS account. Share these portfolios with the Organizations structure created for the company.

Allow user IAM roles to have AWSCloudFormationFullAccess and AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess permissions. Add an Organizations SCP at the AWS account root user level to deny all services except AWS CloudFormation and Amazon S3.

Allow user IAM roles to have ServiceCatalogEndUserAccess permissions only. Use an automation script to import the central portfolios to local AWS accounts, copy the TagOption assign users access and apply launch constraints.

Use the AWS Service Catalog TagOption Library to maintain a list of tags required by the company. Apply the TagOption to AWS Service Catalog products or portfolios.

Use the AWS CloudFormation Resource Tags property to enforce the application of tags to any CloudFormation templates that will be created for users.

Answer:

B, D, E

Explanation:

Developing infrastructure services using AWS CloudFormation templates and uploading them as AWS Service Catalog products to portfolios created in a central AWS account will enable thecompany to centrally manage the creation of infrastructure services and control who can use them1. AWS Service Catalog allows you to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS2. You can organize products into portfolios, which are collections of products along with configuration information3. You can share portfolios with other accounts in your organization using AWS Organizations4.

Allowing user IAM roles to have ServiceCatalogEndUserAccess permissions only and using an automation script to import the central portfolios to local AWS accounts, copy the TagOption, assign users access, and apply launch constraints will enable the company to provide least privilege access to users when launching AWS infrastructure services. ServiceCatalogEndUserAccess is a managed IAM policy that grants users permission to list and view products and launch product instances. An automation script can help import the shared portfolios from the central account to the local accounts, copy the TagOption from the central account, assign users access to the portfolios, and apply launch constraints that specify which IAM role or user can provision a product.

Using the AWS Service Catalog TagOption Library to maintain a list of tags required by the company and applying the TagOption to AWS Service Catalog products or portfolios will enable the company to enforce tags on any infrastructure that is started by users. TagOptions are key-value pairs that you can use to classify your AWS Service Catalog resources. You can create a TagOption Library that contains all the tags that you want to use across your organization. You can apply TagOptions to products or portfolios, and they will be automatically applied to any provisioned product instances.

Creating a product from an existing CloudFormation template

What is AWS Service Catalog?

Working with portfolios

Sharing a portfolio with AWS Organizations

[Providing least privilege access for users]

[AWS managed policies for job functions]

[Importing shared portfolios]

[Enforcing tag policies]

[Working with TagOptions]

[Creating a TagOption Library]

[Applying TagOptions]

Question 150

Question:

A company has an application that stores user-uploaded videos in an Amazon S3 bucket using S3 Standard storage. Users access videos frequently for the first 180 days, and rarely after that. Most videos are over 100 MB. Users often have poor internet connectivity, and the company uses multipart uploads.

A solutions architect needs tooptimize S3 storage costs.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Configure the S3 bucket to be a Requester Pays bucket.

Use S3 Transfer Acceleration to upload the videos.

Create a lifecycle rule to expireincomplete multipart uploadsafter 7 days.

Create a lifecycle rule to transition objects toS3 Glacier Instant Retrieval after 1 day.

Create a lifecycle rule to transition objects toS3 Standard-IA after 180 days.

Question 151

A company has a complex web application that leverages Amazon CloudFront for global scalability and performance Over time, users report that the web application is slowing down

The company's operations team reports that the CloudFront cache hit ratio has been dropping steadily. The cache metrics report indicates that query strings on some URLs are inconsistently ordered and are specified sometimes in mixed-case letters and sometimes in lowercase letters.

Which set of actions should the solutions architect take to increase the cache hit ratio as quickly as possible?

Options:

Deploy a Lambda@Edge function to sort parameters by name and force them lo be lowercase Select the CloudFront viewer request trigger to invoke the function

Update the CloudFront distribution to disable caching based on query string parameters.

Deploy a reverse proxy after the load balancer to post-process the emitted URLs in the application to force the URL strings to be lowercase.

Update the CloudFront distribution to specify casing-insensitive query string processing.

Question 152

A solutions architect is designing a solution to automatically provision new AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The solutions architect has enabled AWS Control Tower for the organization. The solution must enable security controls and create resources such as billing alarms after creating new AWS accounts. The solution must be scalable. Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a new AWS account in the organization. Deploy a blueprint to the new AWS account. Define a blueprint that creates resources such as billing alarms. Configure AWS Control Tower to apply the blueprint after creating the new AWS account

Create a new AWS account in the organization. Establish trusted access to the account by using an AWS Cloud Formation template. Enroll the new AWS account into AWS Control Tower. Deploy a blueprint to the new AWS account by using AWS Control Tower to provision resources.

Use Account Factory to initiate the creation of a new AWS account by using AWS Service Catalog. Configure a lifecycle event in AWS Control Tower that invokes an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to deploy an AWS CloudFormation template by using the AWSControlTowerExecution role.

Use Account Factory to initiate the creation of a new AWS account by using AWS Control Tower. Define a blueprint that creates resources such as billing alarms. Configure AWS Control Tower to apply the blueprint after creating the new AWS account.

Question 153

A company has developed an application that is running Windows Server on VMware vSphere VMs that the company hosts on premises The application data is stored in a proprietary format that must be read through the application The company manually provisioned the servers and the application

As part of its disaster recovery plan, the company wants the ability to host its application on AWS temporarily if the company's on-premises environment becomes unavailable The company wants the application to return to on-premises hosting after a disaster recovery event is complete The RPO is 5 minutes.

Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

Options:

Configure AWS DataSync Replicate the data to Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes When the on-premises environment is unavailable, use AWS Cloud Format ion templates to provision Amazon EC2 instances and attach the EBS volumes

Configure AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery Replicate the data to replication Amazon EC2 instances that are attached to Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes When the on-premises environment is unavailable use Elastic Disaster Recovery to launch EC2 instances that use the replicated volumes

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway. Replicate the data to an Amazon S3 bucket When the on-premises environment is unavailable, use AWS Backup to restore the data to Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes and launch Amazon EC2 instances from these EBS volumes

Provision an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system on AWS Replicate the data to the file system When the on-premises environment is unavailable, use AWS Cloud Format ion templates to provision Amazon EC2 instances and use AWS CloudFormation Init commands to mount the Amazon FSx file shares

Question 154

A delivery company is running a serverless solution in tneAWS Cloud The solution manages user data, delivery information and past purchase details The solution consists of several microservices The central user service stores sensitive data in an Amazon DynamoDB table Several of the other microservices store a copy of parts of the sensitive data in different storage services

The company needs the ability to delete user information upon request As soon as the central user service deletes a user every other microservice must also delete its copy of the data immediately

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Activate DynamoDB Streams on the DynamoDB table Create an AWS Lambda trigger for the DynamoDB stream that will post events about user deletion in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue Configure each microservice to poll the queue and delete the user from the DynamoDB table

Set up DynamoDB event notifications on the DynamoDB table Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as a target for the DynamoDB event notification Configure each microservice to subscribe to the SNS topic and to delete the user from the DynamoDB table

Configure the central user service to post an event on a custom Amazon EventBridge event bus when the company deletes a user Create an EventBndge rule for each microservice to match the user deletion event pattern and invoke logic in the microservice to delete the user from the DynamoDB table

Configure the central user service to post a message on an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue when the company deletes a user Configure each microservice to create an event filter on the SQS queue and to delete the user from the DynamoDB table

Question 155

An online gaming company needs to optimize the cost of its workloads on AWS. The company uses a dedicated account to host the production environment for its online gaming application and an analytics application.

Amazon EC2 instances host the gaming application and must always be vailable. The EC2 instances run all year. The analytics application uses data that is stored in Amazon S3. The analytics application can be interrupted and resumed without issue.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances. Use On-Demand Instances for the analytics application.

Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances. Use Spot Instances for the analytics application.

Use Spot Instances for the online gaming application and the analytics application. Set up a catalog in AWS Service Catalog to provision services at a discount.

Use On-Demand Instances for the online gaming application. Use Spot Instances for the analytics application. Set up a catalog in AWS Service Catalog to provision services at a discount.

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is B.

B. This solution is the most cost-effective because it uses an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances, which provides the lowest prices and savings up to 72% compared to On-Demand prices. The EC2 Instance Savings Plan applies to any instance size within the same family and region, regardless of availability zone, operating system, or tenancy. The online gaming application instances run all year and must always be available, so they are not suitable for Spot Instances, which can be interrupted with a two-minute notice. This solution also uses Spot Instances for the analytics application, which can reduce the cost by up to 90% compared to On-Demand prices. The analytics application can be interrupted and resumed without issue, so it is a good fit for Spot Instances, which use spare EC2 capacity.This solution does not require AWSService Catalog, which is a service that helps to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS, but does not provide any discounts123

A. This solution is incorrect because it uses On-Demand Instances for the analytics application, which are more expensive than Spot Instances. The analytics application can be interrupted and resumed without issue, so it can benefit from the lower cost of Spot Instances, which use spare EC2 capacity.

C. This solution is incorrect because it uses Spot Instances for the online gaming application, which can be interrupted with a two-minute notice. The online gaming application instances must always be available, so they are not suitable for Spot Instances, which use spare EC2 capacity. This solution also uses AWS Service Catalog, which is a service that helps to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS, but does not provide any discounts.

D. This solution is incorrect because it uses On-Demand Instances for the online gaming application, which are more expensive than an EC2 Instance Savings Plan. The online gaming application instances run all year and must always be available, so they are suitable for an EC2 Instance Savings Plan, which provides the lowest prices and savings up to 72% compared to On-Demand prices. This solution also uses AWS Service Catalog, which is a service that helps to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS, but does not provide any discounts.

[References:, 1:EC2 Instance Savings Plans – Amazon Web Services2:Amazon EC2 Spot Instances3:Cloud Management and Governance – AWS Service Catalog – Amazon Web Services, , , , , , , , ]

Question 156

A company has millions of objects in an Amazon S3 bucket. The objects are in the S3 Standard storage class. All the S3 objects are accessed frequently. The number of users and applications that access the objects is increasing rapidly. The objects are encrypted with server-side encryption with AWS KMS Keys (SSE-KMS).

A solutions architect reviews the company's monthly AWS invoice and notices that AWS KMS costs are increasing because of the high number of requests from Amazon S3. The solutions architect needs to optimize costs with minimal changes to the application.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a new S3 bucket that has server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C) as the encryption type. Copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Specify SSE-C.

Create a new S3 bucket that has server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) as the encryption type. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Specify SSE-S3.

Use AWS CloudHSM to store the encryption keys. Create a new S3 bucket. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Encrypt the objects by using the keys from CloudHSM.

Use the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class for the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Intelligent-Tiering archive configuration to transition objects that are not accessed for 90 days to S3 Glacier Deep Archive.

Question 157

A company needs to modernize an application and migrate the application to AWS. The application stores user profile data as text in a single table in an on-premises MySQL database.

After the modernization, users will use the application to upload video files that are up to 4 GB in size. Other users must be able to download the video files from the application. The company needs a video storage solution that provides rapid scaling. The solution must not affect application performance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL by using AWS DMS. Store the videos as base64-encoded strings in a TEXT column in the database.

Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using AWS DMS with AWS SCT. Store the videos as objects in Amazon S3. Store the S3 key in the corresponding DynamoDB item.

Migrate the database to Amazon Keyspaces by using AWS DMS with AWS SCT. Store the videos as objects in Amazon S3. Store the S3 object identifier in the corresponding Amazon Keyspaces entry.

Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using AWS DMS with AWS SCT. Store the videos as base64-encoded strings in the corresponding DynamoDB item.

Answer:

Explanation:

The modernized application needs to store and serve video files up to 4 GB. Large binary content should not be stored directly in a database because it negatively affects database performance, scaling, and backup/restore times. The standard AWS pattern is to store large objects in Amazon S3 and keep only references (such as keys or URLs) in the database.

User profile data is simple, text-based, and currently lives in a single table. This is a good fit for a key-value or document-style data model such as Amazon DynamoDB, which provides fully managed horizontal scaling and predictable performance at scale.

Option B migrates the profile table to DynamoDB using AWS DMS with AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT). Video files are stored as objects in Amazon S3, which is designed for large, durable, and highly scalable object storage. The DynamoDB item stores only the S3 key that corresponds to each user’s video, keeping the database small and responsive. S3 can scale rapidly and independently of the database, and offloads the heavy I/O load of large objects away from the transactional store, so overall application performance is not negatively impacted by video storage or retrieval.

Option A stores the videos as base64-encoded strings in a TEXT column in a relational database. Storing multi-gigabyte objects directly in a relational database table leads to large row sizes, larger indexes, longer backup times, and degraded performance as the table grows. This does not meet the requirement to avoid affecting application performance.

Option C uses Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) as the profile store and S3 for video. While storing videos in S3 is correct, Keyspaces is typically chosen when there is already a Cassandra-based workload or a need for Cassandra-compatible interfaces. For a simple single-table user profile store being migrated from MySQL, DynamoDB is the more natural, managed choice and aligns better with AWS migration and modernization guidance.

Option D stores the videos as base64-encoded strings in DynamoDB items. DynamoDB has a maximum item size of 400 KB, which is far smaller than the 4 GB video size requirement. This makes option D technically infeasible.

Therefore, migrating user profile data to DynamoDB and storing video files in Amazon S3, with S3 keys stored in the corresponding DynamoDB items (option B), provides scalable video storage and protects application performance.

[References:AWS guidance on storing large binary objects in Amazon S3 and storing only references in databases for scalable architectures.AWS best practices for using Amazon DynamoDB as a scalable key-value store for user profiles and metadata.]

Question 158

A company uses an AWS CodeCommit repository The company must store a backup copy of the data that is in the repository in a second AWS Region

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the CodeCommit repository data to the second Region

Use AWS Backup to back up the CodeCommit repository on an hourly schedule Create a cross-Region copy in the second Region

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke AWS CodeBuild when the company pushes code to the repository Use CodeBuild to clone the repository Create a zip file of the content Copy the file to an S3 bucket in the second Region

Create an AWS Step Functions workflow on an hourly schedule to take a snapshot of the CodeCommit repository Configure the workflow to copy the snapshot to an S3 bucket in the second Region

Question 159

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage more than 1.000 AWS accounts. The company has created a new developer organization. There are 540 developer member accounts that must be moved to the new developer organization. All accounts are set up with all the required Information so that each account can be operated as a standalone account.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to move all of the developer accounts to the new developer organization? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Call the MoveAccount operation in the Organizations API from the old organization's management account to migrate the developer accounts to the new developer organization.

From the management account, remove each developer account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

From each developer account, remove the account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

Sign in to the new developer organization's management account and create a placeholder member account that acts as a target for the developer account migration.

Call the InviteAccountToOrganization operation in the Organizations API from the new developer organization's management account to send invitations to the developer accounts.

Have each developer sign in to their account and confirm to join the new developer organization.

Question 160

A company is migrating its on-premises file transfer solution to AWS Transfer Family. The on-premises host includes an SFTP server to receive files, an application that performs a transformation of the files, and a messaging server. The transformations run every 5 minutes. When a transformation is complete, the application sends a message to a queue on the messaging server. The company needs to simplify the solution and reduce the management of the components. What should the company do to meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Configure Transfer Family to use Amazon EFS storage. Use a cron job on Amazon EFS to perform the transformations. Configure the cron job to publish a message to an Amazon SNS topic when a file has been transformed.

Configure Transfer Family to use Amazon S3 storage. Use Amazon EMR to perform the transformations. Configure Amazon EMR to send a message to an Amazon SNS topic when a file has been transformed.

Configure Transfer Family to use Amazon S3 storage. Use AWS Glue to perform the transformations after S3 event notifications. Configure AWS Glue to send a message to an Amazon SQS queue when a file has been transformed.

Configure Transfer Family to use Amazon EFS storage. Create an AWS Glue time-based job to run every 5 minutes to initiate an AWS Glue transformation. Configure AWS Glue to send a message to an Amazon SQS queue when a file has been transformed.

Question 161

A company needs to aggregate Amazon CloudWatch logs from its AWS accounts into one central logging account. The collected logs must remain in the AWS Region of

creation. The central logging account will then process the logs, normalize the logs into standard output format, and stream the output logs to a security tool for more processing.

A solutions architect must design a solution that can handle a large volume of logging data that needs to be ingested. Less logging will occur outside normal business hours than during normal business hours. The logging solution must scale with the anticipated load. The solutions architect has decided to use an AWS Control Tower design to handle the multi-account logging process.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet the requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a destination Amazon Kinesis data stream in the central logging account.

Create a destination Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue in the central logging account.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create a trust policy. Specify thetrust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a subscription filter for each log group to send data to the Kinesis data stream.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Create atrust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a single subscription filter for all log groups to send datato the SQSqueue.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the central logging account and to write the logs to the security tool.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the member accounts and to write the logs to the security tool.

Question 162

A company is deploying a distributed in-memory database on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The fleet consists of a primary node and eight worker nodes. The primary node is responsible for monitoring cluster health, accepting user requests, distributing user requests to worker nodes, and sending an aggregate response back to a client. Worker nodes communicate with each other to replicate data partitions.

The company requires the lowest possible networking latency to achieve maximum performance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Launch memory optimized EC2 instances in a partition placement group.

Launch compute optimized EC2 instances in a partition placement group.

Launch memory optimized EC2 instances in a cluster placement group

Launch compute optimized EC2 instances in a spread placement group.

Question 163

A company processes environment data. The has a set up sensors to provide a continuous stream of data from different areas in a city. The data is available in JSON format.

The company wants to use an AWS solution to send the data to a database that does not require fixed schemas for storage. The data must be send in real time.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehouse to send the data to Amazon Redshift.

Use Amazon Kinesis Data streams to send the data to Amazon DynamoDB.

Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) to send the data to Amazon Aurora.

Use Amazon Kinesis Data firehouse to send the data to Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra).

Question 164

A company is running an application in the AWS Cloud. The application uses AWS Lambda functions and Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) containers that run with AWS Fargate technology as its primary compute. The load on the application is irregular. The application experiences long periods of no usage, followed by sudden and significant increases and decreases in traffic. The application is write-heavy and stores data in an Amazon Aurora MySQL database. The database runs on an Amazon RDS memory optimized DB instance that is not able to handle the load.

What is the MOST cost-effective way for the company to handle the sudden and significant changes in traffic?

Options:

Add additional read replicas to the database. Purchase Instance Savings Plans and RDS Reserved Instances.

Migrate the database to an Aurora multi-master DB cluster. Purchase Instance Savings Plans.

Migrate the database to an Aurora global database. Purchase Compute Savings Plans and RDS Reserved Instances.

Migrate the database to Aurora Serverless v1. Purchase Compute Savings Plans.

Exam Detail

Vendor: Amazon Web Services

Certification: AWS Certified Professional

Exam Code: SAP-C02

Exam Name: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

Last Update: Dec 15, 2025

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