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AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 145

A company is updating an application that customers use to make online orders. The number of attacks on the application by bad actors has increased recently.

The company will host the updated application on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The company will use Amazon DynamoDB to store application data. A public Application Load Balancer (ALB) will provide end users with access to the application. The company must prevent prevent attacks and ensure business continuity with minimal service interruptions during an ongoing attack.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the ALB as the origin. Add a custom header and random value on the CloudFront domain. Configure the ALB to conditionally forward traffic if the header and value match.

Deploy the application in two AWS Regions. Configure Amazon Route 53 to route to both Regions with equal weight.

Configure auto scaling for Amazon ECS tasks. Create a DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster.

Configure Amazon ElastiCache to reduce overhead on DynamoDB.

Deploy an AWS WAF web ACL that includes an appropriate rule group. Associate the web ACL with the Amazon CloudFront distribution.

Answer:

A, E

Explanation:

The company should create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the ALB as the origin. The company should add a custom header and random value on the CloudFront domain. The company should configure the ALB to conditionally forward traffic if the header and value match. The company should also deploy an AWS WAF web ACL that includes an appropriate rule group. The company should associate the web ACL with the Amazon CloudFront distribution. This solution will meet the requirements most cost-effectively because Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely deliversdata, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with lowlatency, hightransfer speeds, all within a developer-friendly environment1. By creating an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the ALB as the origin, the company can improve the performance andavailability of its application by caching static content at edge locations closer to end users. By adding a custom header and random value on the CloudFront domain, the company can prevent direct access to the ALB and ensure that only requests from CloudFront are forwarded to the ECS tasks. By configuring the ALB to conditionally forward traffic if the header and value match, the company can implement origin access identity (OAI) for its ALB origin. OAI is a feature that enables you to restrict access to your content by requiring users to access your content through CloudFront URLs2. By deploying an AWS WAF web ACL that includes an appropriate rule group, the company can prevent attacks and ensure business continuity with minimal service interruptions during an ongoing attack. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that lets you monitor and control web requests that are forwarded to your web applications. You can use AWS WAF to define customizable web security rules that control which traffic can access your web applications and which traffic should be blocked3. By associating the web ACL with the Amazon CloudFront distribution, the company can apply the web security rules to all requests that are forwarded by CloudFront.

The other options are not correct because:

Deploying the application in two AWS Regions and configuring Amazon Route 53 to route to both Regions with equal weight would not prevent attacks or ensure business continuity. Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service that routes end users to Internet applications by translating names like into numeric IP addresses4. However, routing traffic to multiple Regions would not protect against attacks or provide failover in case of an outage. It would also increase operational complexity and costs compared to using CloudFront and AWS WAF.

Configuring auto scaling for Amazon ECS tasks and creating a DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster would not prevent attacks or ensure business continuity. Auto scaling is a feature that enables you to automatically adjust your ECS tasks based on demand or a schedule. DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) is a fully managed, highly available, in-memory cache for DynamoDB that delivers up to a 10x performance improvement. However, these features would not protect against attacks or provide failover in case of an outage. They would also increase operational complexity and costs compared to using CloudFront and AWS WAF.

Configuring Amazon ElastiCache to reduce overhead on DynamoDB would not prevent attacks or ensure business continuity. Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store service that makes it easy to deploy, operate, and scale popular open-source compatible in-memory data stores. However, this service would not protect against attacks or provide failover in case of an outage. It would also increase operational complexity and costs compared to using CloudFront and AWS WAF.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudFront/latest/DeveloperGuide/private-content-restricting-access-to-s3.html, https://aws.amazon.com/waf/, https://aws.amazon.com/route53/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/service-auto-scaling.html, https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/dax/, https://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/, , , , , ]

Question 146

A company is running an application in the AWS Cloud. The company's security team must approve the creation of all new IAM users. When a new IAM user is created, all access for the user must be removed automatically. The security team must then receive a notification to approve the user. The company has a multi-Region AWS CloudTrail trail In the AWS account.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule. Define a pattern with the detail-type value set to AWS API Call via CloudTrail and an eventName of CreateUser.

Configure CloudTrail to send a notification for the CreateUser event to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Invoke a container that runs in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with AWS Fargate technology to remove access

Invoke an AWS Step Functions state machine to remove access.

Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the security team.

Use Amazon Pinpoint to notify the security team.

Question 147

A company wants to migrate an application to Amazon EC2 from VMware Infrastructure that runs in an on-premises data center. A solutions architect must preserve the software and configuration settings during the migration.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the AWS DataSync agent to start replicating the data store to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Use the SMB share to host the VMware data store. Use VM Import/Export to move the VMs to Amazon EC2.

Use the VMware vSphere client to export the application as an image in Open Virealization Format (OVF) format Create an Amazon S3 bucket to store the image in the destination AWS Region. Create and apply an IAM role for VM Import Use the AWS CLI to run the EC2 import command.

. Configure AWS Storage Gateway for files service to export a Common Internet File System(CIFSJ share. Create a backup copy to the shared folder. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and create an AMI from the backup copy Launch an EC2 instance that is based on the AMI.

Create a managed-instance activation for a hybrid environment in AWS Systems Manager. Download and install Systems Manager Agent on the on-premises VM Register the VM with Systems Manager to be a managed instance Use AWS Backup to create a snapshot of the VM and create an AMI. Launch an EC2 instance that is based on the AMI

Question 148

A solutions architect at a large company needs to set up network security tor outbound traffic to the internet from all AWS accounts within an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization has more than 100 AWS accounts, and the accounts route to each other by using a centralized AWS Transit Gateway. Each account has both an internet gateway and a NAT gateway tor outbound traffic to the internet The company deploys resources only into a single AWS Region.

The company needs the ability to add centrally managed rule-based filtering on all outbound traffic to the internet for all AWS accounts in the organization. The peak load of outbound traffic will not exceed 25 Gbps in each Availability Zone.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Create an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering across all Availability Zones in the Region. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group.

Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Use an AWSNetwork Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering. Create Network Firewall endpoints in each Availability Zone. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall endpoints.

Create an AWS Network Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering in each AWS account. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall firewalls in each account.

In each AWS account, create an Auto Scaling group of network-optimized Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group.

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AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Questions and Answers

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CompTIA

Fortinet

Microsoft

Salesforce