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AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 1

A solutions architect is designing a solution to automatically provision new AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The solutions architect has enabled AWS Control Tower for the organization. The solution must enable security controls and create resources such as billing alarms after creating new AWS accounts. The solution must be scalable. Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a new AWS account in the organization. Deploy a blueprint to the new AWS account. Define a blueprint that creates resources such as billing alarms. Configure AWS Control Tower to apply the blueprint after creating the new AWS account

Create a new AWS account in the organization. Establish trusted access to the account by using an AWS Cloud Formation template. Enroll the new AWS account into AWS Control Tower. Deploy a blueprint to the new AWS account by using AWS Control Tower to provision resources.

Use Account Factory to initiate the creation of a new AWS account by using AWS Service Catalog. Configure a lifecycle event in AWS Control Tower that invokes an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to deploy an AWS CloudFormation template by using the AWSControlTowerExecution role.

Use Account Factory to initiate the creation of a new AWS account by using AWS Control Tower. Define a blueprint that creates resources such as billing alarms. Configure AWS Control Tower to apply the blueprint after creating the new AWS account.

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Question 2

A company runs an application on AWS. The company curates data from several different sources. The company uses proprietary algorithms to perform data transformations and aggregations. After the company performs E TL processes, the company stores the results in Amazon Redshift tables. The company sells this data to other companies. The company downloads the data as files from the Amazon Redshift tables and transmits the files to several data customers by using FTP. The number of data customers has grown significantly. Management of the data customers has become difficult.

The company will use AWS Data Exchange to create a data product that the company can use to share data with customers. The company wants to confirm the identities of the customers before the company shares data. The customers also need access to the most recent data when the company publishes the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS Data Exchange for APIs to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

Download the data from the Amazon Redshift tables to an Amazon S3 bucket periodically. Use AWS Data Exchange for S3 to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

Publish the Amazon Redshift data to an Open Data on AWS Data Exchange. Require the customers to subscribe to the data product in AWS Data Exchange. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, attach 1AM resource-based policies to the Amazon Redshift tables to allow access only to verified AWS accounts.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should download the data from the Amazon Redshift tables to an Amazon S3 bucket periodically and use AWS Data Exchange for S3 to share data with customers. The company should configure subscription verification and require the data customers to subscribe to the data product. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because AWS Data Exchange for S3 is a feature that enables data subscribers to access third-party data files directly from data providers’ Amazon S3 buckets. Subscribers can easily use these files for their data analysis with AWS services without needing to create or manage data copies. Data providers can easily set up AWS Data Exchange for S3 on top of their existing S3 buckets to share direct access to an entire S3 bucket or specific prefixes and S3 objects. AWS Data Exchange automatically manages subscriptions, entitlements, billing, and payment1.

The other options are not correct because:

Using AWS Data Exchange for APIs to share data with customers would not work because AWS Data Exchange for APIs is a feature that enables data subscribers to access third-party APIs directly from data providers’ AWS accounts. Subscribers can easily use these APIs for their data analysis with AWS services without needing to manage API keys or tokens. Data providers can easily set up AWS Data Exchangefor APIs on top of their existing API Gateway resources to share direct access to an entire API or specific routes and stages2. However, this feature is not suitable for sharing data from Amazon Redshift tables, which are not exposed as APIs.

Creating an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift would not work because the Data API is a feature that enables you to query your Amazon Redshift cluster using HTTP requests, without needing a persistent connection or a SQL client3. It is useful for building applications that interact with Amazon Redshift, but not for sharing data files with customers.

Creating an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster would not work because AWS Data Exchange does not support datashares for Amazon Redshift clusters. A datashare is a feature that enables you to share live and secure access to your Amazon Redshift data across your accounts or with third parties without copying or moving the underlying data4. It is useful for sharing query results and views with other users, but not for sharing data files with customers.

Publishing the Amazon Redshift data to an Open Data on AWS Data Exchange would not work because Open Data on AWS Data Exchange is a feature that enables you to find and use free and public datasets from AWS customers and partners. It is useful for accessing open and free data, but not for confirming the identities of the customers or charging them for the data.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/why-aws-data-exchange/s3/, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/why-aws-data-exchange/api/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/data-api.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/datashare-overview.html, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/open-data/, , , , , ]

Question 3

A company is changing the way that it handles patching of Amazon EC2 instances in its application account. The company currently patches instances over the internet by using a NAT gateway in a VPC in the application account. The company has EC2 instances set up as a patch source repository in a dedicated private VPC in a core account. The company wants to use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager and the patch source repository in the core account to patch the EC2 instances in the application account. The company must prevent all EC2 instances in the application account from accessing the internet. The EC2 instances in the application account need to access Amazon S3, where the application data is stored. These EC2 instances need connectivity to Systems Manager and to the patch source repository in the private VPC in the core account. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a network ACL that blocks outbound traffic on port 80. Associate the network ACL with all subnets in the application account. In the application account and the core account, deploy one EC2 instance that runs a custom VPN server. Create a VPN tunnel to access the private VPC. Update the route table in the application account.

Create private VIFs for Systems Manager and Amazon S3. Delete the NAT gateway from the VPC in the application account. Create a transit gateway to access the patch source repository EC2 instances in the core account. Update the route table in the core account.

Create VPC endpoints for Systems Manager and Amazon S3. Delete the NAT gateway from the VPC in the application account. Create a VPC peering connection to access the patch source repository EC2 instances in the core account. Update the route tables in both accounts.

Create a network ACL that blocks inbound traffic on port 80. Associate the network ACL with all subnets in the application account. Create a transit gateway to access the patch source repository EC2 instances in the core account. Update the route tables in both accounts.

Answer:

Explanation:

Option C is the correct and most efficient solution, aligning with AWS best practices for secure and private connectivity:

Create VPC Endpoints for Systems Manager and Amazon S3:

Systems Manager VPC Endpoints: By creating interface VPC endpoints for Systems Manager (com.amazonaws.region.ssm, com.amazonaws.region.ec2messages, and com.amazonaws.region.ssmmessages), the EC2 instances can communicate with Systems Manager services without requiring internet access. This setup ensures that patching operations can be conducted securely within the AWS network.

Amazon S3 VPC Endpoint: A gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 (com.amazonaws.region.s3) allows EC2 instances to access S3 buckets privately. This is essential for accessing application data stored in S3 without traversing the public internet.

[Reference: docs.aws.amazon.com, Delete the NAT Gateway:, Removing the NAT gateway ensures that EC2 instances in the application account cannot access the internet, satisfying the requirement to prevent internet access. This action enhances the security posture by eliminating a potential vector for unauthorized outbound traffic., Create a VPC Peering Connection:, Establishing a VPC peering connection between the application account's VPC and the core account's private VPC enables direct, private communication between the EC2 instances in both accounts. This setup allows the application account's EC2 instances to access the patch source repository hosted in the core account securely., Reference: docs.aws.amazon.com, Update Route Tables in Both Accounts:, After setting up the VPC peering connection, it's crucial to update the route tables in both VPCs to allow traffic to flow between them. This configuration ensures that the EC2 instances in the application account can reach the patch source repository in the core account and vice versa., Why Other Options Are Incorrect:, Option A: Implementing a custom VPN solution introduces unnecessary complexity and operational overhead. Additionally, merely blocking outbound traffic on port 80 does not comprehensively prevent internet access, as other ports (e.g., 443 for HTTPS) remain open., Option B: Creating private virtual interfaces (VIFs) is typically associated with AWS Direct Connect, which is not applicable in this scenario. Moreover, using a transit gateway, while feasible, is more complex and may be unnecessary for this use case., Option D: Blocking inbound traffic on port 80 does not prevent outbound internet access. Furthermore, employing a transit gateway adds complexity and cost, which may not be justified given the requirements., Conclusion:, Option C provides a secure, efficient, and cost-effective solution that meets all the specified requirements:, Prevents EC2 instances from accessing the internet., Enables access to Amazon S3 and Systems Manager services via VPC endpoints., Facilitates secure communication with the patch source repository in the core account through VPC peering., This approach leverages AWS's native networking features to maintain a secure and private environment for patch management operations., ]

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