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ExplanationExplanationCisco Umbrella protects users from accessing malicious domains by proactively analyzing and blocking unsafe destinations – before a connection is ever made. Thus it can protect from phishing attacks by blocking suspicious domains when users click on the given links that an attacker sent.

A network discovery policy is required for the health monitoring feature on the Cisco Firepower Next Generation Intrusion Prevention System (NGIPS). Health monitoring allows the system to collect and display information about the health and performance of the managed devices, such as CPU, memory, disk, and interface utilization, as well as the status of various processes and services. Health monitoring also enables the system to generate alerts and notifications when certain thresholds or conditions are met or violated.

To enable health monitoring, the system must have access to the network data from the managed devices, which is provided by the network discovery policy. The network discovery policy controls how the system collects data on the network assets and which network segments and ports are monitored. The network discovery policy also specifies the zones to which the policy is deployed, which determines the scope of the health monitoring data. Without a network discovery policy, the system cannot perform health monitoring on the NGIPS devices.

References :=

1: Network Discovery Policies, Cisco Firepower Management Center Configuration Guide, Version 7.0, page 1. 2: Health Monitoring, Cisco Firepower Management Center Configuration Guide, Version 7.0, page 1.

Explanation

Spero analysis is a feature of Cisco AMP for Networks that examines structural characteristics such as metadata and header information in executable files. After generating a Spero signature based on this information, if the file is an eligible executable file, the device submits it to the Spero heuristic engine in the AMP cloud for analysis1. Spero analysis can detect malware based on the file’s structure and behavior, without requiring a full file upload2. Spero analysis is different from dynamic analysis, sandbox analysis, and malware analysis, which are other features of Cisco AMP for Networks that perform different types of file inspection and analysis3. References: 1: How to configure Firepower AMP to not upload files to … - Cisco Community 2: File Policies - Network Direction 3: Cisco AMP for Networks - Cisco

Posture is a service in Cisco ISE that checks the compliance of endpoints with corporate security policies before allowing them to connect to the network. Posture policies define the requirements that endpoints must meet to be compliant, such as having antivirus software installed and updated, or having a specific registry key value. If an endpoint is compliant, Cisco ISE can apply a Change of Authorization (CoA) to grant it access to the network resources. CoA is a mechanism that allows Cisco ISE to dynamically change the authorization attributes of an existing session, such as VLAN, dACL, or SGT, without requiring the user to reauthenticate. CoA can be triggered by various events, such as posture assessment results, profiling changes, or manual actions by the administrator. CoA can also be used to quarantine or disconnect non-compliant endpoints. Therefore, ensuring that an endpoint is compliant with a posture policy configured in Cisco ISE provides the benefit of allowing CoA to be applied if the endpoint status is compliant. References :=

• Cisco Identity Services Engine Administrator Guide, Release 2.2 - Configure Client Posture Policies
• Cisco Identity Services Engine Administrator Guide, Release 2.2 - Change of Authorization