CCNP Security 350-701 Exam Dumps

SHA-2 is a family of hash functions that includes SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512. SHA-2 is part of the Next Generation Encryption (NGE) suite of cryptographic algorithms that Cisco recommends for strong security and good performance. SHA-2 is believed to be quantum-computer resistant, meaning that it would not be easily broken by a hypothetical quantum-computer. SHA-2 is also more secure than older hash functions such as MD5 and SHA-1, which have been shown to have weaknesses and collisions. SHA-2 is widely used in various protocols and functions, such as digital signatures, integrity verification, and key derivation. References: 1

DNS tunneling is a technique that encodes data of other programs and protocols in DNS queries, including data payloads that can be used to control a remote server and applications1. DNS exfiltration is a form of DNS tunneling that allows attackers to extract data from a compromised system by sending encoded DNS requests to a domain under their control2. The direction of the data transfer in DNS exfiltration is outbound, meaning from the victim’s network to the attacker’s network. This is different from inbound, which means from the attacker’s network to the victim’s network, or north-south and east-west, which are terms used to describe the traffic flow between different network segments or zones3. Outbound DNS requests are often allowed by default in many firewalls and network devices, making them an attractive channel for data exfiltration4. However, DNS exfiltration can be detected and prevented by using security solutions that monitor and analyze DNS traffic for anomalies and malicious patterns5.

References: 1: Improvements to DNS Tunneling & Exfiltration Detection - Cisco Umbrella 2: DNS Exfiltration & Tunneling: How it Works & DNSteal Demo Setup 3: What Is DNS Tunneling? - Palo Alto Networks 4: DNS Data Exfiltration and DNS Tunneling | Vercara 5: DNS Exfiltration: The Light at the End of the DNS Tunnel - site

A NetFlow version 9 template record is a record that contains information about the fields that will be present in the data records that follow the template. A template record consists of a template ID, a field count, and a list of field types and lengths. A template record is sent periodically by the NetFlow exporter to the NetFlow collector, so that the collector can parse and interpret the data records correctly. A template record can also be requested by the collector using an options template record. The purpose of a template record is to define the format of data records, which contain the actual information about the IP flows1234.

A. It specifies the data format of NetFlow processes. - This is incorrect, because a template record does not specify the data format of NetFlow processes, but rather the data format of data records. NetFlow processes are the functions that perform flow creation, aggregation, export, and analysis on the NetFlow device or the collector. B. It provides a standardized set of information about an IP flow. - This is incorrect, because a template record does not provide any information about an IP flow, but rather the information about the fields that will be present in the data records. The data records are the ones that provide the information about an IP flow, such as source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocols, bytes, packets, timestamps, and so on. C. It defines the format of data records. - This is correct, because a template record defines the format of data records by specifying the field types and lengths that will be present in the data records. A template record allows the NetFlow collector to parse and interpret the data records correctly, and also enables the NetFlow exporter to use different formats for different types of flows. D. It serves as a unique identification number to distinguish individual data records. - This is incorrect, because a template record does not serve as a unique identification number, but rather as a description of the fields. A template record has a template ID, which is a 16-bit value that identifies the template record uniquely within an export packet, but this ID is not used to distinguish individual data records. The data records are distinguished by their position within the export packet and their association with a template record.

References := 1: NetFlow Version 9 Flow-Record Format [IP Application Services] - Cisco … 2: NetFlow V9 formats - IBM 3: Netflow :: Version 9 - Caligare 4: NetFlow Versions > NetFlow for Cybersecurity | Cisco Press

The WCCP-configured router identifies if the Cisco WSA is functional by exchanging periodic messages with the WSA. The WSA sends a Here-I-Am message every 10 seconds to the router, which contains information such as the WSA’s IP address, service group, and hash assignment. The router responds with an I-See-You message, which acknowledges the receipt of the Here-I-Am message and provides information such as the router’s IP address, service group, and view of the WCCP topology. These messages allow the router and the WSA to maintain a bidirectional communication and to detect any changes or failures in the WCCP network12.

Option C is the correct answer, as it describes the correct message exchange between the WCCP-configured router and the Cisco WSA. Option A is incorrect, as the router does not use ICMP ping to check the WSA’s functionality, and the traffic is not transmitted to the router, but redirected by the router. Option B is incorrect, as the router does not use ICMP ping to check the WSA’s functionality, and the traffic is not transmitted to the WSA, but redirected by the WSA. Option D is incorrect, as the router does not send a Here-I-Am message, but an I-See-You message, and the WSA does not acknowledge with an I-See-You message, but a Here-I-Am message. References: WCCP Router Configuration Example - Cisco. Cisco ASA WCCP Traffic Redirection Guide - Cisco.