Isaca Certification CISM Book

The answer to the question is C. Risk response scenarios. This is because risk response scenarios are the predefined plans and actions that the organization will take to respond to specific types of incidents, such as cyberattacks, natural disasters, or data breaches. Risk response scenarios should be aligned with the corporate strategy, which defines the vision, mission, goals, and objectives of the organization, and guides the decision-making and resource allocation processes. By aligning the risk response scenarios with the corporate strategy, the organization can ensure that the incident response plan supports the achievement of the desired outcomes and benefits, and minimizes the impact and disruption to the business operations and performance.

Risk response scenarios are the predefined plans and actions that the organization will take to respond to specific types of incidents. Risk response scenarios should be aligned with the corporate strategy, which defines the vision, mission, goals, and objectives of the organization. (From CISM Manual or related resources)

References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, page 2111; CISM domain 4: Information security incident management [2022 update] | Infosec2; A Guide to Effective Incident Management Communications3

The information security manager’s best course of action is to report the findings of the risk assessment to the key stakeholders, such as senior management, business owners, and regulators. This will ensure that the stakeholders are aware of the potential impact of the risk and can make informed decisions on how to address it. The other options are possible actions to take after reporting the findings, but they are not the best course of action in this scenario.

References = CISM Domain 2: Information Risk Management (IRM) [2022 update] (section: Information Risk Response) and CISM ITEM DEVELOPMENT GUIDE - ISACA (page 6, item example 2)

A brute force attack is a type of cyberattack that attempts to gain unauthorized access to an account, file, or other protected information by trying different combinations of usernames and passwords until finding the correct one. Brute force attacks can be very effective if the target system has weak or default passwords, or if the attacker has access to a large number of potential credentials. To mitigate this risk, an organization should implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for its critical systems. MFA is a security method that requires users to provide more than one piece of evidence to verify their identity before accessing a system or service. For example, MFA can involve using a password in addition to a code sent to a phone or email, or using a biometric factor such as a fingerprint or face scan. MFA can significantly reduce the impact of brute force attacks by making it harder for attackers to guess or obtain valid credentials, and by increasing the time and effort required for them to compromise the system. References = CISM Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 3: Information Security Risk Management, Section 3.1: Risk Identification, p. 115-1161. CISM Review Manual (Print Version), Chapter 3: Information Security Risk Management, Section 3.1: Risk Identification, p. 115-1162. CISM ITEM DEVELOPMENT GUIDE, Domain 3: Information Security Program Development and Management, Task Statement 3.1, p. 193.

 Maintaining a chain of custody is the most important step when conducting a forensic investigation, as this ensures that the evidence is preserved, protected, and documented from the time of collection to the time of presentation in court. A chain of custody provides a record of who handled the evidence, when, where, why, and how, and prevents any tampering, alteration, or loss of the evidence. A chain of custody also establishes the authenticity, reliability, and admissibility of the evidence in legal proceedings. Analyzing system memory, documenting analysis steps, and capturing full system images are also important, but not as important as maintaining a chain of custody, as they do not guarantee the integrity and validity of the evidence. References = CISM Review Manual 2023, page 1701; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2023, page 332; ISACA CISM - iSecPrep, page 183