CISM Exam Dumps : Certified Information Security Manager

When operating in a highly regulated market, compliance requirements become paramount, as failure to comply can lead to severe legal penalties, financial losses, and reputational harm. According to the CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, Domain 2: Information Risk Management, Task 2, understanding and addressing legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements is critical in risk management, especially in regulated environments. This ensures that the risk management strategy is aligned with mandatory regulations and industry standards. Other factors (such as outsourcing and business culture) are important, but compliance is the primary driver in highly regulated markets.

 Security requirements should be defined concurrently with other requirements to ensure that security is built into the software development process from the beginning and not added as an afterthought. This will also improve the efficiency of the development process by reducing the need for rework and testing. Security requirements should be based on the business objectives, risk assessment, and security policies of the organization, not on code review, security assessment tools, or functional requirements. References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 1241; CISM Item Development Guide, page 62

The most important action aligned with Zero Trust principles is ensuring contracts with external parties mandate continuous verification and least privilege access . Zero Trust is based on the principle of “never trust, always verify,” requiring ongoing validation of identity, device posture, access context, and authorization. It also requires limiting access to the minimum necessary for the task. Encryption, audits, and annual training are valuable supporting controls, but they do not capture the core operating model of Zero Trust as directly as continuous verification and least privilege. When engaging external parties, contractual requirements are essential because they create enforceable obligations for how access to organizational systems and data must be managed. CISM governance principles emphasize that third-party access should be controlled through documented requirements, accountability, monitoring, and risk-based oversight. Therefore, the best answer is mandating continuous verification and least privilege access in contracts, because this embeds Zero Trust expectations into third-party governance and access management.