Google Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

 Transfer learning is a technique that leverages the knowledge and weights of a pre-trained model and adapts them to a new task or domain1. Transfer learning can save time and resources by avoiding training a model from scratch, and can also improve the performance and generalization of the model by using a larger and more diverse dataset2. AI Platform provides several established text classification models that can be used for transfer learning, such as BERT, ALBERT, or XLNet3. These models are based on state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques and can handle various text classification tasks, such as sentiment analysis, topic classification, or spam detection4. By using one of these models on AI Platform, you can customize the model’s code, serving, and deployment, and use Kubeflow pipelines for the ML platform. Therefore, using an established text classification model on AI Platform to perform transfer learning is the best option for this use case.

References:

Transfer Learning - Machine Learning’s Next Frontier

A Comprehensive Hands-on Guide to Transfer Learning with Real-World Applications in Deep Learning

Text classification models

Text Classification with Pre-trained Models in TensorFlow

 The best option for developing an image classification model by using a large dataset that contains labeled images in a Cloud Storage bucket is to import the labeled images as a managed dataset in Vertex AI and use AutoML to train the model. This option allows you to leverage the power and simplicity of Google Cloud to create and deploy a high-quality image classification model with minimal code and configuration. Vertex AI is a unified platform for building and deploying machine learning solutions on Google Cloud. Vertex AI can create a managed dataset from a Cloud Storage bucket that contains labeled images, which can be used to train an AutoML model. AutoML is a service that can automatically build and optimize machine learning models for various tasks, such as image classification, object detection, natural language processing, and tabular data analysis. AutoML can handle the complex aspects of machine learning, such as feature engineering, model architecture, hyperparameter tuning, and model evaluation. AutoML can also evaluate, deploy, and monitor the image classification model, and provide online or batch predictions. By using Vertex AI and AutoML, users can develop an image classification model by using a large dataset with ease and efficiency.

The other options are not as good as option C, for the following reasons:

Option A: Using Vertex AI Pipelines with the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK to create a pipeline that reads the images from Cloud Storage and trains the model would require more skills and steps than using Vertex AI and AutoML. Vertex AI Pipelines is a service that can orchestrate machine learning workflows using Vertex AI. Vertex AI Pipelines can run preprocessing and training steps on custom Docker images, and evaluate, deploy, and monitor the machine learning model. Kubeflow Pipelines SDK is a Python library that can create and run pipelines on Vertex AI Pipelines or on Kubeflow, an open-source platform for machine learning on Kubernetes. However, using Vertex AI Pipelines and Kubeflow Pipelines SDK would require writing code, building Docker images, defining pipeline components and steps, and managing the pipeline execution and artifacts. Moreover, Vertex AI Pipelines and Kubeflow Pipelines SDK are not specialized for image classification, and users would need to use other libraries or frameworks, such as TensorFlow or PyTorch, to build and train the image classification model.

Option B: Using Vertex AI Pipelines with TensorFlow Extended (TFX) to create a pipeline that reads the images from Cloud Storage and trains the model would require more skills and steps than using Vertex AI and AutoML. TensorFlow Extended (TFX) is a framework that can create and run end-to-end machine learning pipelines on TensorFlow, a popular library for building and training deep learning models. TFX can preprocess the data, train and evaluate the model, validate and push the model, and serve the model for online or batch predictions. However, using Vertex AI Pipelines and TFX would require writing code, building Docker images, defining pipeline components and steps, and managing the pipeline execution and artifacts. Moreover, TFX is not optimized for image classification, and users would need to use other libraries or tools, such as TensorFlow Data Validation, TensorFlow Transform, and TensorFlow Hub, to handle the image data and the model architecture.

Option D: Converting the image dataset to a tabular format using Dataflow, loading the data into BigQuery, and using BigQuery ML to train the model would not handle the image data properly and could result in a poor model performance. Dataflow is a service that can create scalable and reliable pipelines to process large volumes of data from various sources. Dataflow can preprocess the data by using Apache Beam, a programming model for defining and executing data processing workflows. BigQuery is a serverless, scalable, and cost-effective data warehouse that can perform fast and interactive queries on large datasets. BigQuery ML is a service that can create and train machine learning models by using SQL queries on BigQuery. However, converting the image data to a tabular format would lose the spatial and semantic information of the images, which are essential for image classification. Moreover, BigQuery ML is not specialized for image classification, and users would need to use other tools or techniques, such as feature hashing, embedding, or one-hot encoding, to handle the categorical features.

 Labels are key-value pairs that you can attach to AI Platform resources such as jobs, models, and versions. Labels can help you organize your resources into descriptive categories that reflect your business needs. For example, you can use labels to indicate the owner, purpose, environment, or status of a resource. You can also use labels to filter the results when you list or monitor your resources on the Google Cloud Console or the Cloud SDK. Using labels can help you manage your resources in a clean and scalable way, without requiring separate projects or restrictive permissions.

References:

Using labels to organize AI Platform resources

Creating and managing labels

QUESTION 52

You are training a deep learning model for semantic image segmentation with reduced training time. While using a Deep Learning VM Image, you receive the following error: The resource 'projects/deeplearning-platforn/zones/europe-west4-c/acceleratorTypes/nvidia-tesla-k80' was not found. What should you do?

A. Ensure that you have GPU quota in the selected region.

B. Ensure that the required GPU is available in the selected region.

C. Ensure that you have preemptible GPU quota in the selected region.

D. Ensure that the selected GPU has enough GPU memory for the workload.

Answer: B

The error message indicates that the selected GPU type (nvidia-tesla-k80) is not available in the selected region (europe-west4-c). This can happen when the GPU type is not supported in the region, or when the GPU quota is exhausted in the region. To avoid this error, you should ensure that the required GPU is available in the selected region before creating a Deep Learning VM Image. You can use the following steps to check the GPU availability and quota:

To check the GPU availability, you can use the gcloud compute accelerator-types list command with the --filter flag to specify the GPU type and the region. For example, to check the availability of nvidia-tesla-k80 in europe-west4-c, you can run:

gcloud compute accelerator-types list --filter="name=nvidia-tesla-k80 AND zone:europe-west4-c"

If the command returns an empty result, it means that the GPU type is not supported in the region. You can either choose a different GPU type or a different region that supports the GPU type. You can use the same command without the --filter flag to list all the available GPU types and regions. For example, to list all the available GPU types in europe-west4-c, you can run:

gcloud compute accelerator-types list --filter="zone:europe-west4-c"

To check the GPU quota, you can use the gcloud compute regions describe command with the --format flag to specify the region and the quota metric. For example, to check the quota for nvidia-tesla-k80 in europe-west4-c, you can run:

gcloud compute regions describe europe-west4-c --format="value(quotas.NVIDIA_K80_GPUS)"

If the command returns a value of 0, it means that the GPU quota is exhausted in the region. You can either request more quota from Google Cloud or choose a different region that has enough quota for the GPU type.

References:

Troubleshooting | Deep Learning VM Images | Google Cloud

Checking GPU availability

Checking GPU quota