ICS-SCADA Exam Dumps : ICS/SCADA Cyber Security Exam

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used in network devices, like routers, to send error messages and operational information indicating success or failure when communicating with another IP address.

An ICMP type 8 packet specifically is an "Echo Request." It is used primarily by the ping command to test the connectivity between two nodes.

When a device sends an ICMP Echo Request, it expects to receive an ICMP Echo Reply (type 0) from the target node. This mechanism helps in diagnosing the state and reachability of a network on the Internet or within a private network.

References

RFC 792 Internet Control Message Protocol:

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) ICMP Parameters:

A data diode is known as a prebuilt directional gateway that is unidirectional, designed specifically to allow data to travel in only one direction, ensuring secure one-way communication. This feature makes data diodes ideal for environments where it iscritical to prevent any possibility of data leakage or unauthorized access from an external network back to a secure network. Data diodes are commonly used in military and industrial applications, including ICS/SCADA systems, to protect sensitive information.References:

U.S. Department of Energy, "Cybersecurity for SCADA Systems".

The protocol number 6 represents TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) in the Internet Protocol suite. TCP is a core protocol of the Internet Protocol suite and operates at thetransport layer, providing reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of bytes between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network.References:

RFC 793, "Transmission Control Protocol," which specifies the detailed operation of TCP.