Selected 312-50v13 CEH v13 Questions Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

VCloud-based (also known as Cloud-based or Cloud-assisted) antivirus leverages cloud computing to:

Offload detection and analysis to powerful remote servers

Provide real-time updates and threat intelligence

Aggregate data from multiple endpoints to improve detection

This method is efficient, especially for zero-day threats and large-scale protection.

From CEH v13 Courseware:

Module 6: Malware Threats → Modern Antivirus Technologies

A man-in-the-middle attack using forged ICMP and ARP spoofing is a type of network-level session hijacking attack where an attacker inserts their machine into the communication between a client and a server, making it seem like the packets are flowing through the original path. This technique is primarily used to reroute the packets and intercept or modify the data exchanged between the client and the server.

A man-in-the-middle attack using forged ICMP and ARP spoofing works as follows1:

The attacker sends a forged ICMP redirect message to the client, claiming to be the gateway. The ICMP redirect message tells the client to use the attacker’s machine as the next hop for reaching the server’s network. The client updates its routing table accordingly and starts sending packets to the attacker’s machine instead of the gateway.

The attacker also sends a forged ARP reply message to the client, claiming to be the server. The ARP reply message associates the attacker’s MAC address with the server’s IP address. The client updates its ARP cache accordingly and starts sending packets to the attacker’s MAC address instead of the server’s MAC address.

The attacker receives the packets from the client and forwards them to the server, acting as a relay. The attacker can also monitor, modify, or drop the packets as they wish. The server responds to the packets and sends them back to the attacker, who then forwards them to the client. The client and the server are unaware of the attacker’s presence and think they are communicating directly with each other.

Therefore, Jake is studying a man-in-the-middle attack using forged ICMP and ARP spoofing, which is a type of network-level session hijacking attack.

The Blackjacking attack involves leveraging a compromised BlackBerry device and its connection through the BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES) to tunnel back into the internal corporate network, bypassing perimeter firewalls. The tool used in this method is BBProxy.

BBProxy is installed on the BlackBerry device and establishes a covert tunnel via BES, allowing attackers to pivot into the internal LAN from outside the perimeter.

Reference – CEH v13 Official Study Guide:

Module 17: Hacking Mobile Platforms

Quote:

“Blackjacking is a technique in which attackers use BBProxy to exploit a trusted path from a BlackBerry device to the corporate LAN through BES.”

Incorrect Options Explained:

A. Paros Proxy is a web proxy used for intercepting HTTP/S traffic.

C. Blooover is used for Bluetooth security auditing.

D. BBCrack is used for password recovery on BlackBerry devices, not for tunneling.

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A Kerberoasting attack is a technique that exploits the weak encryption of Kerberos service tickets to obtain the password hashes of service accounts that have a Service Principal Name (SPN) associated with them. The attacker can then crack the hashes offline and use the plaintext passwords to impersonate the service accounts and access network resources.

A Kerberoasting attack follows these steps1:

The attacker impersonates a legitimate Active Directory user and authenticates to the Key Distribution Center (KDC) in the Active Directory environment. They then request a Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) from the KDC to access network resources. The KDC complies because the attacker is impersonating a legitimate user.

The attacker enumerates the service accounts that have an SPN using tools like GetUserSPNs.py or PowerView. They then request a service ticket for each SPN from the KDC using their TGT. The KDC grants the service tickets, which are encrypted with the password hashes of the service accounts.

The attacker captures the service tickets and takes them offline. They then attempt to crack the password hashes using tools like Hashcat or John the Ripper. They can use various methods, such as brute force, dictionary, or hybrid attacks, to guess the passwords. Alternatively, they can use a PRINCE attack, which is a probabilistic password generation technique that combines common words, patterns, and transformations to generate likely passwords2.

Once the attacker obtains the plaintext passwords of the service accounts, they can use them to authenticate as the service accounts and access the network resources that they are authorized to.

Therefore, the next step that the analyst should take after obtaining a valid TGT is to request a service ticket for the SPN of the target service account. This will allow them to capture the service ticket and extract the password hash of the service account.