312-50v13 ECCouncil Exam Lab Questions

A Denial of Service (DoS) attack is a type of cyberattack that aims to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by flooding it with traffic or requests that consume its resources. A TCP SYN flood attack is a type of DoS attack that exploits the TCP handshake process by sending a large number of SYN requests to the target server, without completing the connection. A UDP flood attack is a type of DoS attack that sends a large number of UDP packets to random ports on the target server, forcing it to check for the application listening at that port and reply with an ICMP packet. An ICMP flood attack is a type of DoS attack that sends a large number of ICMP packets, such as ping requests, to the target server, overwhelming its ICMP processing capacity.

The attacker’s strategy involves a unique mixture of TCP SYN, UDP, and ICMP floods, using ‘r’ packets per second. The server can handle ‘h’ packets per second before it starts showing signs of strain. If ‘r’ surpasses ‘h’, it overwhelms the server, causing it to become unresponsive. The attacker selects ‘r’ as a composite number and ‘h’ as a prime number, making the attack detection more challenging. This is because prime numbers are less predictable and more difficult to factorize than composite numbers, which may hinder the analysis of the attack pattern.

Considering ‘r=2010’ and different values for ‘h’, the scenario that would potentially cause the server to falter is the one where ‘h=1987’ (prime). This is because ‘r’ is greater than ‘h’ by 23 packets per second, which means the server cannot handle the incoming traffic and will eventually run out of resources. The other scenarios would not cause the server to falter, as ‘h’ is either greater than or very close to ‘r’, which means the server can either manage or barely cope with the incoming traffic. References:

What is a denial-of-service (DoS) attack? | Cloudflare

Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack: Examples and Common Targets - Investopedia

DDoS Attack Types: Glossary of Terms

What is a Denial of Service (DoS) Attack? | Webopedia

WS-Security (Web Services Security) is a protocol specification that provides a means for securing SOAP-based messages. It defines how to add authentication, encryption, and digital signatures to SOAP headers, helping ensure message integrity and confidentiality.

According to CEH v13 Official Courseware:

WS-Security is an extension of SOAP.

It supports features such as:

Authentication via tokens (e.g., username, X.509)

Message integrity via digital signatures

Message confidentiality via XML encryption

Incorrect Options:

A. WSDL (Web Services Description Language) describes the web service interface but does not provide security.

B. WS Work Processes is not a defined web service security standard.

C. WS-Policy allows expressing security requirements, but enforcement is handled by WS-Security.

Reference – CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Module 14: Hacking Web Applications

Section: "Web Services Security"

Subsection: "WS-* Standards"

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The host-based vulnerability assessment (VA) resolution arose from the auditors’ got to periodically review systems. Arising before the net becoming common, these tools typically take an “administrator’s eye” read of the setting by evaluating all of the knowledge that an administrator has at his or her disposal.

Uses

Host VA tools verify system configuration, user directories, file systems, registry settings, and all forms of other info on a number to gain information about it. Then, it evaluates the chance of compromise. it should also live compliance to a predefined company policy so as to satisfy an annual audit. With administrator access, the scans area unit less possible to disrupt traditional operations since the computer code has the access it has to see into the complete configuration of the system.

What it Measures Host

VA tools will examine the native configuration tables and registries to spot not solely apparent vulnerabilities, however additionally “dormant” vulnerabilities – those weak or misconfigured systems and settings which will be exploited when an initial entry into the setting. Host VA solutions will assess the safety settings of a user account table; the access management lists related to sensitive files or data; and specific levels of trust applied to other systems. The host VA resolution will a lot of accurately verify the extent of the danger by determinant however way any specific exploit could also be ready to get.

Types of Vulnerability Assessment Host-based assessments are a type of security check that involve conducting a configuration-level check to identify system configurations, user directories, file systems, registry settings, and other parameters to evaluate the possibility of compromise. 
Host-based scanners assess systems to identify vulnerabilities such as native configuration tables, incorrect registry or file permissions, and software configuration errors. (P.528/512)

Open-source intelligence (OSINT) refers to the process of collecting and analyzing information from publicly available sources. This can include social media, websites, press releases, job boards, government databases, and more.

OSINT is a crucial part of the reconnaissance phase in ethical hacking and penetration testing, where attackers or analysts gather intel without directly interacting with the target system.

Reference – CEH v13 Official Study Guide:

Module 2: Footprinting and Reconnaissance

Quote:

“OSINT is derived from public sources and includes blogs, websites, public records, and social networks. It helps attackers or analysts understand the target’s digital footprint.”

Incorrect Options Explained:

B. “Real intelligence” is not a cybersecurity term.

C. Social intelligence refers to interpersonal awareness, not cyber reconnaissance.

D. Human intelligence (HUMINT) involves person-to-person intel, not publicly available data.

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