Free 312-50v13 ECCouncil Updates

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Cryptographic hash functions provide:

Integrity: Any change in the input changes the output hash.

Collision Resistance: It is computationally infeasible to find two inputs that produce the same hash.

This ensures data is not altered during transmission.

From CEH v13 Courseware:

Module 10: Cryptography → Hashing Functions (e.g., SHA-256, MD5)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Fake antivirus (also known as scareware) tricks users into downloading malware disguised as legitimate antivirus software.

The best approach:

Google the product name and URL.

Check reputable forums, antivirus vendors, or security advisories.

Look for phishing warnings or reports of malware.

From CEH v13 Courseware:

Module 7: Social Engineering and Phishing Scams

Module 6: Malware Threats → Rogue Software

In ethical hacking and penetration testing, assessing the security posture of a target system requires direct technical interaction with that system. The combination of techniques in option D—port scanning, banner grabbing, and service identification—provides actionable and detailed insight into the system’s vulnerabilities, services, and configurations.

According to CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Port scanning is the process of identifying open ports and the services running on them. It reveals:

Which ports are open or closed

The operating system's response behavior

Entry points for possible exploitation

Banner grabbing involves connecting to open services to retrieve application-level information. This can expose:

Software version numbers

Server type and configuration

Security misconfigurations

Service identification allows the security professional to determine what protocols and services (HTTP, FTP, SSH, etc.) are active and how they are configured. This supports:

Vulnerability analysis

Risk evaluation

Threat modeling

These combined techniques are fundamental steps in the reconnaissance and scanning phases of the ethical hacking lifecycle.

Incorrect Options:

A. Phishing, spamming, sending trojans are offensive tactics used in attacks; they provide limited direct system analysis and do not measure technical posture directly.

B. Social engineering, site browsing, and tailgating are physical or psychological attack vectors, not direct technical assessments.

C. Wardriving and warchalking identify wireless networks but offer limited detail about internal system configurations or vulnerabilities.

Reference – CEH v13 Official Study Material:

Module 03: Scanning Networks

Section: “Types of Scanning”

Subsections: “Port Scanning,” “Banner Grabbing,” and “Service Version Detection”

CEH Engage: Scanning and Enumeration labs

CEH Official Exam Blueprint: Knowledge Area — “Footprinting and Reconnaissance” and “Scanning Networks”

These techniques are emphasized as foundational components in any network vulnerability assessment.

In CEH v13 Module 02: Footprinting and Reconnaissance, the OSINT Framework is introduced as a collection of free, open-source tools and resources to aid ethical hackers in passive reconnaissance.

Key Features of OSINT Framework:

Web-based visual tool that maps out links to open-source intelligence tools.

Allows collection of emails, domains, usernames, IPs, social media data, and more.

Focuses on passive footprinting to avoid detection.

Option Clarification:

A. WebSploit Framework: Used for man-in-the-middle attacks and web vulnerabilities.

B. Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF): Browser-focused attack tool.

C. OSINT Framework: Correct — open-source intelligence and reconnaissance.

D. SpeedPhish Framework: Phishing simulation tool, not used for passive information gathering.