CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Updated Exam

Aprocedureprovides step-by-step instructions on how to complete a specific security task, ensuring consistency and accuracy. Unlike policies, which define high-level security expectations,procedures are detailed and operational. For example, apassword reset procedurewould outline the exact steps IT support must follow when assisting users.

Policy: Defines security objectives and rules (e.g., "All passwords must be complex").

Standard: Specifies required technologies or configurations.

Guideline: Provides recommendations but is not mandatory.

Procedure: Gives exact instructions to perform tasks.

 An endpoint log is a file that contains information about the activities and events that occur on an end-user device, such as a laptop, desktop, tablet, or smartphone. Endpoint logs can provide valuable data for security analysts, such as the processes running on the device, the network connections established, the files accessed or modified, the user actions performed, and the applications installed or updated. Endpoint logs can also record the details of any executable files running on the device, such as the name, path, size, hash, signature, and permissions of the executable.

An application log is a file that contains information about the events that occur within a software application, such as errors, warnings, transactions, or performance metrics. Application logs can help developers and administrators troubleshoot issues, optimize performance, and monitor user behavior. However, application logs may not provide enough information about the executable files running on the device, especially if they are malicious or unknown.

An IPS/IDS log is a file that contains information about the network traffic that is monitored and analyzed by an intrusion prevention system (IPS) or an intrusion detection system (IDS). IPS/IDS logs can help security analysts identify and block potential attacks, such as exploit attempts, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, or malicious scans. However, IPS/IDS logs may not provide enough information about the executable files running on the device, especially if they are encrypted, obfuscated, or use legitimate protocols.

A network log is a file that contains information about the network activity and communication that occurs between devices, such as IP addresses, ports, protocols, packets, or bytes. Network logs can help security analysts understand the network topology, traffic patterns, and bandwidth usage. However, network logs may not provide enough information about the executable files running on the device, especially if they are hidden, spoofed, or use proxy servers.

Therefore, the best log type to use as a data source for additional information about the executable running on the machine is the endpoint log, as it can provide the most relevant and detailed data about the executable file and its behavior.

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Arace conditionoccurs whentwo or more processes attempt to access and modify a shared resource simultaneously, leading to unintended behavior. In this scenario, the attacker was able to modify a temporary fieldbefore the SQL update completed, indicating atime-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerability, which is a type of race condition.

Memory injection (B)refers to inserting malicious code into a running process’s memory, but that isnotwhat is happening here.

Malicious update (C)is too broad and does not specifically describe this scenario.

Side loading (D)is a technique where malicious software is loaded via a trusted application, unrelated to this case.