SCS-C02 Exam Dumps : AWS Certified Security - Specialty

because these are the steps that can ensure that the service-linked role can launch instances with encrypted volumes. A service-linked role is a type of IAM role that is linked to an AWS service and allows the service to perform actions on your behalf. A KMS grant is a mechanism that allows you to delegate permissions to use a customer master key (CMK) to a principal such as a service-linked role.A KMS grant specifies the actions that the principal can perform, such as encrypting and decrypting data. By creating a KMS grant for the service-linked role with the specified actions, you can allow the service-linked role to use the CMK in Account-2 to launch instances with encrypted volumes. By attaching an IAM policy to the role attached to the EC2 instances with KMS actions and then allowing Account-1 in the KMS key policy, you can also enable cross-account access to the CMK and allow the EC2 instances to use the encrypted volumes. The other options are either incorrect or unnecessary for meeting the requirement.

The correct answer is D. Enable CloudTrail to monitor data events for read and write operations to S3 buckets.

According to the AWS documentation1, CloudTrail data events are the resource operations performed on or within a resource. These are also known as data plane operations. Data events are often high-volume activities. For example, Amazon S3 object-level API activity (such as GetObject, DeleteObject, and PutObject) is a data event.

By default, trails do not log data events. To record CloudTrail data events, you must explicitly add the supported resources or resource types for which you want to collect activity.For more information, see Logging data events in the Amazon S3 User Guide2.

In this case, the security team wants EventBridge to watch for the s3:PutObjectAcl API invocation logs from CloudTrail.This API uses the acl subresource to set the access control list (ACL) permissions for a new or existing object in an S3 bucket3. This is a data event that affects the S3 object resource type. Therefore, the security team must enable CloudTrail to monitor data events for read and write operations to S3 buckets in order to invoke an EventBridge event for this API call.

The other options are incorrect because:

A. Modifying the EventBridge event pattern by selecting Amazon S3 and All Events as the event type will not capture the s3:PutObjectAcl API call, because this is a data event and not a management event. Management events provide information about management operations that are performed on resources in your AWS account.These are also known as control plane operations4.

B. Modifying the EventBridge event pattern by selecting Amazon S3 and Bucket Level Operations as the event type will not capture the s3:PutObjectAcl API call, because this is a data event that affects the S3 object resource type and not the S3 bucket resource type.Bucket level operations are management events that affect the configuration or metadata of an S3 bucket5.

C. Enabling CloudTrail Insights to identify unusual API activity will not help the security team monitor new S3 objects or changes to any S3 bucket policy or setting that result in public access.CloudTrail Insights helps AWS users identify andrespond to unusual activity associated with API calls and API error rates by continuously analyzing CloudTrail management events6. It does not analyze data events or generate EventBridge events.

The steps that the Security Engineer should take to check for known vulnerabilities and limit the attack surface are:

B. Review the application security groups to ensure that only the necessary ports are open. This is a good practice to reduce the exposure of the EC2 instances to potential attacks from the Internet.Application security groups are a feature of Azure that allow you to group virtual machines and define network security policies based on those groups1.

D. Use Amazon Inspector to periodically scan the backend instances. This is a service that helps you to identify vulnerabilities and exposures in your EC2 instances and applications.Amazon Inspector can perform automated security assessments based on predefined or custom rules packages2.