A Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1:1

An impedance mismatch between components in the RF system

Cross-polarization of the RF signal as it passes through the RF system

The use of cables longer than one meter in the RF system

High output power at the transmitter and use of a low-gain antenna

802.11a and 11n use six (6) “pilot” subcarriers as a reference for the receiver to detect frequency and phase shifts of the signal.

802.11a/g/n OFDM includes several combinations of modulation and coding to achieve data rates from 1-600 Mbps.

With 802.11a OFDM, 16-QAM provides either 48 or 54 Mbps data rates, depending upon coding rates.

802.11ac VHT-OFDM utilizes 256-QAM, which increases the data rate significantly over 64-QAM available in HT-OFDM.

In 802.11a OFDM, fifty-six (56) subcarriers are used as parallel symbol transmission paths to carry data.

14 channels are available worldwide.

11 channels are available worldwide.

Regulatory domains worldwide require DFS and TPC in all these channels.

DFS may be required in some regulatory domains on some channels.

802.11 channels are separated by 5 Mhz