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AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 1

A company wants to build a pipeline to update the standard AMI monthly. The AMI must be updated to use the most recent patches to ensure that launched Amazon EC2 instances are up to date. Each new AMI must be available to all AWS accounts in the company's organization in AWS Organizations.

The company needs to configure an automated pipeline to build the AMI.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses AWS CodeBuild. Create an AWS Lambda function to run the pipeline every month. Create an AWS CloudFormation template. Share the template with all AWS accounts in the organization.

B.

Create an AMI pipeline by using EC2 Image Builder. Configure the pipeline to distribute the AMI to the AWS accounts in the organization. Configure the pipeline to run monthly.

C.

Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that runs an AWS Lambda function to build the AMI. Configure the pipeline to share the AMI with the AWS accounts in the organization. Configure Amazon EventBridge Scheduler to invoke the pipeline every month.

D.

Create an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook. Configure the automation to run in all AWS accounts in the organization. Create an AWS Lambda function to run the automation every month.

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Question 2

An ecommerce company uses a large number of Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) backed Amazon EC2 instances. To decrease manual work across all the instances, a DevOps engineer is tasked with automating restart actions when EC2 instance retirement events are scheduled.

How can this be accomplished?

Options:

A.

Create a scheduled Amazon EventBridge rule to run an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that checks if any EC2 instances are scheduled for retirement once a week If the instance is scheduled for retirement the runbook will hibernate the instance

B.

Enable EC2Auto Recovery on all of the instances. Create an AWS Config rule to limit the recovery to occur during a maintenance window only

C.

Reboot all EC2 instances during an approved maintenance window that is outside of standard business hours Set up Amazon CloudWatch alarms to send a notification in case any instance is failing EC2 instance status checks

D.

Set up an AWS Health Amazon EventBridge rule to run AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks that stop and start the EC2 instance when a retirement scheduled event occurs.

Question 3

A company is migrating its on-premises Windows applications and Linux applications to AWS. The company will use automation to launch Amazon EC2 instances to mirror the on-premises configurations. The migrated applications require access to shared storage that uses SMB for Windows and NFS for Linux.

The company is also creating a pilot light disaster recovery (DR) environment in another AWS Region. The company will use automation to launch and configure the EC2 instances in the DR Region. The company needs to replicate the storage to the DR Region.

Which storage solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use Amazon S3 for the application storage. Create an S3 bucket in the primary Region and an S3 bucket in the DR Region. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the primary Region to the DR Region.

B.

Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for the application storage. Create a backup plan in AWS Backup that creates snapshots of the EBS volumes that are in the primary Region and replicates the snapshots to the DR Region.

C.

Use a Volume Gateway in AWS Storage Gateway for the application storage. Configure Cross-Region Replication (CRR) of the Volume Gateway from the primary Region to the DR Region.

D.

Use Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP for the application storage. Create an FSx for ONTAP instance in the DR Region. Configure NetApp SnapMirror replication from the primary Region to the DR Region.

Question 4

A company has an application that runs on AWS Lambda and sends logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. An Amazon Kinesis data stream is subscribed to the log groups in CloudWatch Logs. A single consumer Lambda function processes the logs from the data stream and stores the logs in an Amazon S3 bucket.

The company's DevOps team has noticed high latency during the processing and ingestion of some logs.

Which combination of steps will reduce the latency? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Create a data stream consumer with enhanced fan-out. Set the Lambda function that processes the logs as the consumer.

B.

Increase the ParallelizationFactor setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

C.

Configure reserved concurrency for the Lambda function that processes the logs.

D.

Increase the batch size in the Kinesis data stream.

E.

Turn off the ReportBatchltemFailures setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

F.

Increase the number of shards in the Kinesis data stream.

Question 5

A company's application uses a fleet of Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances to analyze and process data. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group is a target group for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application analyzes critical data that cannot tolerate interruption. The application also analyzes noncritical data that can withstand interruption.

The critical data analysis requires quick scalability in response to real-time application demand. The noncritical data analysis involves memory consumption. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that reduces scale-out latency for the critical data. The solution also must process the noncritical data.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

For the critical data, modify the existing Auto Scaling group. Create a warm pool instance in the stopped state. Define the warm pool size. Create a new version of the launch template that has detailed monitoring enabled. use Spot Instances.

B.

For the critical data, modify the existing Auto Scaling group. Create a warm pool instance in the stopped state. Define the warm pool size. Create a new version of the launch template that has detailed monitoring enabled. Use On-Demand Instances.

C.

For the critical data. modify the existing Auto Scaling group. Create a lifecycle hook to ensure that bootstrap scripts are completed successfully. Ensure that the application on the instances is ready to accept traffic before the instances are registered. Create a new version of the launch template that has detailed monitoring enabled.

D.

For the noncritical data, create a second Auto Scaling group that uses a launch template. Configure the launch template to install the unified Amazon CloudWatch agent and to configure the CloudWatch agent with a custom memory utilization metric. Use Spot Instances. Add the new Auto Scaling group as the target group for the ALB. Modify the application to use two target groups for critical data and noncritical data.

E.

For the noncritical data, create a second Auto Scaling group. Choose the predefined memory utilization metric type for the target tracking scaling policy. Use Spot Instances. Add the new Auto Scaling group as the target group for the ALB. Modify the application to use two target groups for critical data and noncritical data.

Question 6

A DevOps engineer needs to configure an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that publishes container images to an Amazon ECR repository. The pipeline must wait for the previous run to finish and must run when new Git tags are pushed to a Git repository connected to AWS CodeConnections. An existing deployment pipeline must run in response to new container image publications.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure a CodePipeline V2 type pipeline that uses QUEUED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all tags. Configure an EventBridge rule that matches container image pushes to start the existing deployment pipeline.

B.

Configure a CodePipeline V2 type pipeline that uses SUPERSEDED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all branches. Configure an EventBridge rule that matches container image pushes to start the existing deployment pipeline.

C.

Configure a CodePipeline V1 type pipeline that uses SUPERSEDED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all tags. Add a stage at the end of the pipeline to invoke the existing deployment pipeline.

D.

Configure a CodePipeline V1 type pipeline that uses QUEUED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all branches. Add a stage at the end of the pipeline to invoke the existing deployment pipeline.

Question 7

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company's DevOps team has developed an AWS Lambda function that calls the Organizations API to create new AWS accounts.

The Lambda function runs in the organization's management account. The DevOps team needs to move the Lambda function from the management account to a dedicated AWS account. The DevOps team must ensure that the Lambda function has the ability to create new AWS accounts only in Organizations before the team deploys the Lambda function to the new account.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

In the management account, create a new IAM role that has the necessary permission to create new accounts in Organizations. Allow the role to be assumed by the Lambda execution role in the new AWS account. Update the Lambda function code to assume the role when the Lambda function creates new AWS accounts. Update the Lambda execution role to ensure that it has permission to assume the new role.

B.

In the management account, turn on delegated administration for Organizations. Create a new delegation policy that grants the new AWS account permission to create new AWS accounts in Organizations. Ensure that the Lambda execution role has the organizations:CreateAccount permission.

C.

In the management account, create a new IAM role that has the necessary permission to create new accounts in Organizations. Allow the role to be assumed by the Lambda service principal. Update the Lambda function code to assume the role when the Lambda function creates new AWS accounts. Update the Lambda execution role to ensure that it has permission to assume the new role.

D.

In the management account, enable AWS Control Tower. Turn on delegated administration for AWS Control Tower. Create a resource policy that allows the new AWS account to create new AWS accounts in AWS Control Tower. Update the Lambda function code to use the AWS Control Tower API in the new AWS account. Ensure that the Lambda execution role has the controltower:CreateManagedAccount permission.

Question 8

A DevOps engineer is deploying a new version of a company's application in an AWS CodeDeploy deployment group associated with its Amazon EC2 instances. After some time, the deployment fails. The engineer realizes that all the events associated with the specific deployment ID are in a Skipped status and code was not deployed in the instances associated with the deployment group.

What are valid reasons for this failure? (Select TWO.).

Options:

A.

The networking configuration does not allow the EC2 instances to reach the internet via a NAT gateway or internet gateway and the CodeDeploy endpoint cannot be reached.

B.

The IAM user who triggered the application deployment does not have permission to interact with the CodeDeploy endpoint.

C.

The target EC2 instances were not properly registered with the CodeDeploy endpoint.

D.

An instance profile with proper permissions was not attached to the target EC2 instances.

E.

The appspec. yml file was not included in the application revision.

Question 9

A company has an application that stores data that includes personally Identifiable Information (Pll) In an Amazon S3 bucket All data Is encrypted with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed keys. All AWS resources are deployed from an AWS Cloud Formation template.

A DevOps engineer needs to set up a development environment for the application in a different AWS account The data in the development environment's S3 bucket needs to be updated once a week from the production environment's S3 bucket.

The company must not move Pll from the production environment without anonymizmg the Pll first The data in each environment must be encrypted with different KMS customer managed keys.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO )

Options:

A.

Activate Amazon Macie on the S3 bucket In the production account Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to initiate a discovery job and redact all Pll before copying files to the S3 bucket in the development account. Give the state machine tasks decrypt permissions on the KMS key in the production account. Give the state machine tasks encrypt permissions on the KMS key in the development account

B.

Set up S3 replication between the production S3 bucket and the development S3 bucket Activate Amazon Macie on the development S3 bucket Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to initiate a discovery job and redact all Pll as the files are copied to the development S3 bucket. Give the state machine tasks encrypt and decrypt permissions on the KMS key in the development account.

C.

Set up an S3 Batch Operations job to copy files from the production S3 bucket to the development S3 bucket. In the development account, configure anAWS Lambda function to redact all Pll. Configure S3 Object Lambda to use the Lambda function for S3 GET requests Give the Lambda function's 1AM role encrypt and decrypt permissions on the KMS key in the development account.

D.

Create a development environment from the CloudFormatlon template in the development account. Schedule an Amazon EventBridge rule to start the AWS Step Functions state machine once a week

E.

Create a development environment from the CloudFormation template in the development account. Schedule a cron job on an Amazon EC2 instance to run once a week to start the S3 Batch Operations job.

Question 10

A company uses AWS CodePipeline pipelines to automate releases of its application A typical pipeline consists of three stages build, test, and deployment. The company has been using a separate AWS CodeBuild project to run scripts for each stage. However, the company now wants to use AWS CodeDeploy to handle the deployment stage of the pipelines.

The company has packaged the application as an RPM package and must deploy the application to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are in an EC2 Auto Scaling group and are launched from a common AMI.

Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer perform to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Create a new version of the common AMI with the CodeDeploy agent installed. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances to allow access to CodeDeploy.

B.

Create a new version of the common AMI with the CodeDeploy agent installed. Create an AppSpec file that contains application deployment scripts and grants access to CodeDeploy.

C.

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the Auto Scaling group as the deployment target. Add a step to the CodePipeline pipeline to use EC2 Image Builder to create a new AMI. Configure CodeDeploy to deploy the newly created AMI.

D.

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the Auto Scaling group as the deployment target. Update the CodePipeline pipeline to use the CodeDeploy action to deploy the application.

E.

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the EC2 instances that are launched from the common AMI as the deployment target. Update the CodePipeline pipeline to use the CodeDeploy action to deploy the application.

Question 11

A software engineering team is using AWS CodeDeploy to deploy a new version of an application. The team wants to ensure that if any issues arise during the deployment, the process can automatically roll back to the previous version.

During the deployment process, a health check confirms the application's stability. If the health check fails, the deployment must revert automatically.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Implement lifecycle event hooks in the deployment configuration.

B.

Use AWS CloudFormation to monitor the health of the deployment.

C.

Set up alarms in Amazon CloudWatch to start a rollback.

D.

Configure automatic rollback settings in AWS CodeDeploy.

Question 12

A DevOps engineer is building an application that uses an AWS Lambda function to query an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The Lambda function performs only read queries. Amazon EventBridge events invoke the Lambda function.

As more events invoke the Lambda function each second, the database's latency increases and the database's throughput decreases. The DevOps engineer needs to improve the performance of the application.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy. Connect the proxy to the Aurora cluster reader endpoint. Set a maximum connections percentage on the proxy.

B.

Implement database connection pooling inside the Lambda code. Set a maximum number of connections on the database connection pool.

C.

Implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code.

D.

Implement the database connection opening and closing inside the Lambda event handler code.

E.

Connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function.

F.

Connect to the Aurora cluster endpoint from the Lambda function.

Question 13

A company has an application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The application requires frequent restarts. The application logs contain error messages when a restart is required. The application logs are published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

An Amazon CloudWatch alarm notifies an application engineer through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when the logs contain a large number of restart-related error messages. The application engineer manually restarts the application on the instances after the application engineer receives a notification from the SNS topic.

A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to automate the application restart on the instances without restarting the instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

Options:

A.

Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure the SNS topic to invoke the runbook.

B.

Create an AWS Lambda function that restarts the application on the instances. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.

C.

Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Create an AWS Lambda function to invoke the runbook. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.

D.

Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts when the CloudWatch alarm enters ALARM state. Specify the runbook as a target of the rule.

Question 14

A company has deployed an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster with Amazon EC2 node groups. The company's DevOps team uses the Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler and recently installed a supported EKS cluster Autoscaler.

The DevOps team needs to implement a solution to collect metrics and logs of the EKS cluster to establish a baseline for performance. The DevOps team will create an initial set of thresholds for specific metrics and will update the thresholds over time as the cluster is used. The DevOps team must receive an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) email notification if the initial set of thresholds is exceeded or if the EKS cluster Autoscaler is not functioning properly.

The solution must collect cluster, node, and pod metrics. The solution also must capture logs in Amazon CloudWatch.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps team take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Deploy the CloudWatch agent and Fluent Bit to the cluster. Ensure that the EKS cluster has appropriate permissions to send metrics and logs to CloudWatch.

B.

Deploy AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry to the cluster. Ensure that the EKS cluster has appropriate permissions to send metrics and logs to CloudWatch.

C.

Create CloudWatch alarms to monitor the CPU, memory, and node failure metrics of the cluster. Configure the alarms to send an SNS email notification to the DevOps team if thresholds are exceeded.

D.

Create a CloudWatch composite alarm to monitor a metric log filter of the CPU, memory, and node metrics of the cluster. Configure the alarm to send an SNS email notification to the DevOps team when anomalies are detected.

E.

Create a CloudWatch alarm to monitor the logs of the Autoscaler deployments for errors. Configure the alarm to send an SNS email notification to the DevOps team if thresholds are exceeded.

F.

Create a CloudWatch alarm to monitor a metric log filter of the Autoscaler deployments for errors. Configure the alarm to send an SNS email notification to the DevOps team if thresholds are exceeded.

Question 15

A company has an application that is using a MySQL-compatible Amazon Aurora Multi-AZ DB cluster as the database. A cross-Region read replica has been created for disaster recovery purposes. A DevOps engineer wants to automate the promotion of the replica so it becomes the primary database instance in the event of a failure.

Which solution will accomplish this?

Options:

A.

Configure a latency-based Amazon Route 53 CNAME with health checks so it points to both the primary and replica endpoints. Subscribe an Amazon SNS topic to Amazon RDS failure notifications from AWS CloudTrail and use that topic to invoke an AWS Lambda function that will promote the replica instance as the primary.

B.

Create an Aurora custom endpoint to point to the primary database instance. Configure the application to use this endpoint. Configure AWS CloudTrail to run an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica instance and modify the custom endpoint to point to the newly promoted instance.

C.

Create an AWS Lambda function to modify the application's AWS CloudFormation template to promote the replica, apply the template to update the stack, and point the application to the newly promoted instance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke this Lambda function after the failure event occurs.

D.

Store the Aurora endpoint in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an Amazon EventBridge event that detects the database failure and runs an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica instance and update the endpoint URL stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Code the application to reload the endpoint from Parameter Store if a database connection fails.

Question 16

A company's application runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application writes to a log file that records the username, date, time: and source IP address of the login. The log is published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs

The company is performing a root cause analysis for an event that occurred on the previous day The company needs to know the number of logins for a specific user from the past 7 days

Which solution will provide this information'?

Options:

A.

Create a CloudWatch Logs metric filter on the log group Use a filter pattern that matches the username. Publish a CloudWatch metric that sums the number of logins over the past 7 days.

B.

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription on the log group Use a filter pattern that matches the username Publish a CloudWatch metric that sums the number of logins over the past 7 days

C.

Create a CloudWatch Logs Insights query that uses an aggregation function to count the number of logins for the username over the past 7 days. Run the query against the log group

D.

Create a CloudWatch dashboard. Add a number widget that has a filter pattern that counts the number of logins for the username over the past 7 days directly from the log group

Question 17

A company uses S3 to store images and requires multi-Region DR with two-way replication and ≤15-minute latency.

Which steps meet the requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Enable S3 Replication Time Control (RTC) for each replication rule.

B.

Create S3 Multi-Region Access Point (active/passive).

C.

Call SubmitMultiRegionAccessPointRoutes during failover.

D.

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration.

E.

Use Route 53 ARC routing control.

F.

Use Route 53 ARC to shift traffic during failover.

Question 18

A company is implementing an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster to run its workload. The company architecture will run multiple ECS services on the cluster. The architecture includes an Application Load Balancer on the front end and uses multiple target groups to route traffic.

A DevOps engineer must collect application and access logs. The DevOps engineer then needs to send the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket for near-real-time analysis.

Which combination of steps must the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

A.

Download the Amazon CloudWatch Logs container instance from AWS. Configure this instance as a task. Update the application service definitions to include the logging task.

B.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent on the ECS instances. Change the logging driver in the ECS task definition to awslogs.

C.

Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambda function that will run every 60 seconds and will run the Amazon CloudWatch Logs create-export-task command. Then point the output to the logging S3 bucket.

D.

Activate access logging on the ALB. Then point the ALB directly to the logging S3 bucket.

E.

Activate access logging on the target groups that the ECS services use. Then send the logs directly to the logging S3 bucket.

F.

Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that has a destination of the logging S3 bucket. Then create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription filter for Kinesis Data Firehose.

Question 19

A company has an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) The EC2 Instances are in multiple Availability Zones The application was misconfigured in a single Availability Zone, which caused a partial outage of the application.

A DevOps engineer made changes to ensure that the unhealthy EC2 instances in one Availability Zone do not affect the healthy EC2 instances in the other Availability Zones. The DevOps engineer needs to test the application's failover and shift where the ALB sends traffic During failover. the ALB must avoid sending traffic to the Availability Zone where the failure has occurred.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Turn off cross-zone load balancing on the ALB Use Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller to start a zonal shift away from the Availability Zone

B.

Turn off cross-zone load balancing on the ALB's target group Use Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller to start a zonal shift away from the Availability Zone

C.

Create an Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller resource set that uses the DNS hostname of the ALB Start a zonal shift for the resource set away from the Availability Zone

D.

Create an Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller resource set that uses the ARN of the ALB's target group Create a readiness check that uses the ElbV2TargetGroupsCanServeTraffic rule

Question 20

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must ensure that all users who access the AWS Management Console are authenticated through the company's corporate identity provider (IdP).

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Use Amazon GuardDuty with a delegated administrator account. Use GuardDuty to enforce denial of 1AM user logins

B.

Use AWS 1AM Identity Center to configure identity federation with SAML 2.0.

C.

Create a permissions boundary in AWS 1AM Identity Center to deny password logins for 1AM users.

D.

Create 1AM groups in the Organizations management account to apply consistent permissions for all 1AM users.

E.

Create an SCP in Organizations to deny password creation for 1AM users.

Question 21

A large company recently acquired a small company. The large company invited the small company to join the large company's existing organization in AWS Organizations as a new OU. A DevOps engineer determines that the small company needs to launch t3.small Amazon EC2 instance types for the company's application workloads. The small company needs to deploy the instances only within US-based AWS Regions. The DevOps engineer needs to use an SCP in the small company's new OU to ensure that the small company can launch only the required instance types. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure a statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is not equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is not equal to us-.

B.

Configure a statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is not equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is not equal to us-.

C.

Configure a statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to deny the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is equal to us-.

D.

Configure a statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the ec2:InstanceType condition is equal to t3.small. Configure another statement to allow the ec2:RunInstances action for all EC2 instance resources when the aws:RequestedRegion condition is equal to us-.

Question 22

A company uses Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services (Amazon EKS) to host containerized applications that are available in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR).

The company currently launches EKS clusters in the company's development environment by using the AWS CLI aws eks create-cluster command. The company uses the aws eks create-addon command to install required add-ons. All installed add-ons are currently version compatible with the version of Kubernetes that the company uses. All clusters exclusively use managed node groups for compute capacity.

Some of the EKS clusters require a version upgrade. A DevOps engineer must ensure that upgrades continuously occur within the AWS standard support schedule.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Run the aws eks update-cluster-version command, providing appropriate arguments such as cluster name and version number.

B.

Enable EKS Auto Mode on all EKS clusters. Remove all existing managed node groups.

C.

Run the eksctl command to upgrade the EKS clusters. Provide appropriate arguments such as cluster name and version number.

D.

Refactor the environment to create EKS clusters by using infrastructure as code (IaC). Upgrade the clusters by using code changes.

Question 23

A DevOps engineer needs to back up sensitive Amazon S3 objects that are stored within an S3 bucket with a private bucket policy using S3 cross-Region replication functionality. The objects need to be copied to a target bucket in a different AWS Region and account.

Which combination of actions should be performed to enable this replication? (Choose three.)

Options:

A.

Create a replication IAM role in the source account

B.

Create a replication I AM role in the target account.

C.

Add statements to the source bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

D.

Add statements to the target bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

E.

Create a replication rule in the source bucket to enable the replication.

F.

Create a replication rule in the target bucket to enable the replication.

Question 24

A company is developing a mobile app that requires extensive automated testing across multiple device types. The company is using AWS CodePipeline for its CI/CD pipeline. The company must implement a scalable testing solution that can handle increased test loads as the app grows. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead?

Options:

A.

Integrate AWS Device Farm with the pipeline to run the tests and scale as needed.

B.

Deploy a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances with various mobile device emulators and auto scaling to run the tests. Create a custom AWS Lambda function to invoke EC2 test runs.

C.

Implement a containerized testing solution that uses Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with auto scaling. Configure the pipeline to invoke an AWS Lambda function to start the test runs on the ECS cluster.

D.

Use AWS Lambda functions with custom runtime emulators to run the tests. Integrate the Lambda functions with the pipeline.

Question 25

A company uses AWS Organizations with CloudTrail trusted access. All events across accounts and Regions must be logged and retained in an audit account, and failed login attempts should trigger real-time notifications.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Publish CloudTrail logs to S3 in the audit account. Create an EventBridge rule for failed login events and notify via SNS.

B.

Store logs in the management account and query using Athena + Lambda every 5 minutes.

C.

Store logs in audit S3 + CloudWatch log group in management account + metric filter for failed logins → SNS.

D.

Stream to Kinesis → Flink → SNS.

Question 26

A company requires its developers to tag all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes in an account to indicate a desired backup frequency. This requirement Includes EBS volumes that do not require backups. The company uses custom tags named Backup_Frequency that have values of none, dally, or weekly that correspond to the desired backup frequency. An audit finds that developers are occasionally not tagging the EBS volumes.

A DevOps engineer needs to ensure that all EBS volumes always have the Backup_Frequency tag so that the company can perform backups at least weekly unless a different value is specified.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Set up AWS Config in the account. Create a custom rule that returns a compliance failure for all Amazon EC2 resources that do not have a Backup Frequency tag applied. Configure a remediation action that uses a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly.

B.

Set up AWS Config in the account. Use a managed rule that returns a compliance failure for EC2::Volume resources that do not have a Backup Frequency tag applied. Configure a remediation action that uses a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly.

C.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail in the account. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EBS CreateVolume events. Configure a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly. Specify the runbook as the target of the rule.

D.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail in the account. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EBS CreateVolume events or EBS ModifyVolume events. Configure a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly. Specify the runbook as the target of the rule.

Question 27

A company has microservices running in AWS Lambda that read data from Amazon DynamoDB. The Lambda code is manually deployed by developers after successful testing The company now needs the tests and deployments be automated and run in the cloud Additionally, traffic to the new versions of each microservice should be incrementally shifted over time after deployment.

What solution meets all the requirements, ensuring the MOST developer velocity?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS CodePipelme configuration and set up a post-commit hook to trigger the pipeline after tests have passed Use AWS CodeDeploy and create a Canary deployment configuration that specifies the percentage of traffic and interval

B.

Create an AWS CodeBuild configuration that triggers when the test code is pushed Use AWS CloudFormation to trigger an AWS CodePipelme configuration that deploys the new Lambda versions and specifies the traffic shift percentage and interval

C.

Create an AWS CodePipelme configuration and set up the source code step to trigger when code is pushed. Set up the build step to use AWS CodeBuild to run the tests Set up an AWS CodeDeploy configuration to deploy, then select the CodeDeployDefault.LambdaLinearlDPercentEvery3Minut.es Option.

D.

Use the AWS CLI to set up a post-commit hook that uploads the code to an Amazon S3 bucket after tests have passed. Set up an S3 event trigger that runs a Lambda function that deploys the new version. Use an interval in the Lambda function to deploy the code over time at the required percentage

Question 28

A company needs a strategy for failover and disaster recovery of its data and application. The application uses a MySQL database and Amazon EC2 instances. The company requires a maximum RPO of 2 hours and a maximum RTO of 10 minutes for its data and application at all times.

Which combination of deployment strategies will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon Aurora Single-AZ cluster in multiple AWS Regions as the data store. Use Aurora's automatic recovery capabilities in the event of a disaster.

B.

Create an Amazon Aurora global database in two AWS Regions as the data store. In the event of a failure, promote the secondary Region to the primary for the application. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint in the secondary Region.

C.

Create an Amazon Aurora cluster in multiple AWS Regions as the data store. Use a Network Load Balancer to balance the database traffic in different Regions.

D.

Set up the application in two AWS Regions. Use Amazon Route 53 failover routing that points to Application Load Balancers in both Regions. Use health checks and Auto Scaling groups in each Region.

E.

Set up the application in two AWS Regions. Configure AWS Global Accelerator to point to Application Load Balancers (ALBs) in both Regions. Add both ALBs to a single endpoint group. Use health checks and Auto Scaling groups in each Region.

Question 29

A company detects unusual login attempts in many of its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that sends a notification to the company's security team when multiple failed login attempts occur. The DevOps engineer has already created an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and has subscribed the security team to the SNS topic.

Which solution will provide the notification with the LEAST operational effort?

Options:

A.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send management events to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Create a CloudWatch Logs metric filter to match failed ConsoleLogin events. Create a CloudWatch alarm that is based on the metric filter. Configure an alarm action to send messages to the SNS topic.

B.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send management events to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Athena query that returns a failure if the query finds failed logins in the logs in the S3 bucket. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to periodically run the query. Create a second EventBridge rule to detect when the query fails and to send a message to the SNS topic.

C.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send data events to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Create a CloudWatch Logs metric filter to match failed ConsoleLogin events. Create a CloudWatch alarm that is based on the metric filter. Configure an alarm action to send messages to the SNS topic.

D.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send data events to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an Amazon S3 event notification for the s3:ObjectCreated event type. Filter the event type by ConsoleLogin failed events. Configure the event notification to forward to the SNS topic.

Question 30

A company has deployed a critical application in two AWS Regions. The application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in both Regions. The company has Amazon Route 53 alias DNS records for both ALBs.

The company uses Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller to ensure that the application can fail over between the two Regions. The Route 53 ARC configuration includes a routing control for both Regions. The company uses Route 53 ARC to perform quarterly disaster recovery (DR) tests.

During the most recent DR test, a DevOps engineer accidentally turned off both routing controls. The company needs to ensure that at least one routing control is turned on at all times.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

In Route 53 ARC. create a new assertion safety rule. Apply the assertion safety rule to the two routing controls. Configure the rule with the ATLEAST type with a threshold of 1.

B.

In Route 53 ARC, create a new gating safety rule. Apply the assertion safety rule to the two routing controls. Configure the rule with the OR type with a threshold of 1.

C.

In Route 53 ARC, create a new resource set. Configure the resource set with an AWS: Route53: HealthCheck resource type. Specify the ARNs of the two routing controls as the target resource. Create a new readiness check for the resource set.

D.

In Route 53 ARC, create a new resource set. Configure the resource set with an AWS: Route53RecoveryReadiness: DNSTargetResource resource type. Add the domain names of the two Route 53 alias DNS records as the target resource. Create a new readiness check for the resource set.

Question 31

A DevOps engineer is planning to use the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to manage infrastructure as code (IaC) for a microservices-based application. The DevOps engineer must create reusable components for common infrastructure patterns and must apply the same cost allocation tags across different microservices.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a custom CDK construct library that includes common infrastructure patterns. Create a CDK app. Use the TagManager class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the custom CDK construct library to write a higher-level construct that contains all the microservices. Deploy the microservices as a single CDK stack with environment-specific configurations.

B.

Create a custom CDK construct library that includes common infrastructure patterns. Create a CDK app. Use the Tags class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the custom CDK construct library to write higher-level constructs for each microservice. Deploy the microservices as separate CDK stacks with environment-specific configurations.

C.

Create AWS Service Catalog products that contain common infrastructure components. Create a CDK app. Use the TagManager class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the Service Catalog products to write a higher-level construct that contains all the microservices. Deploy the microservices as a single CDK stack with environment-specific configurations.

D.

Create AWS Service Catalog products that contain common infrastructure components. Create a CDK app. Use the Tags class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the Service Catalog products to write higher-level constructs for each microservice. Deploy the microservices as separate CDK stacks with environment-specific configurations.

Question 32

A company has a new AWS account that teams will use to deploy various applications. The teams will create many Amazon S3 buckets for application- specific purposes and to store AWS CloudTrail logs. The company has enabled Amazon Macie for the account.

A DevOps engineer needs to optimize the Macie costs for the account without compromising the account's functionality.

Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Exclude S3 buckets that contain CloudTrail logs from automated discovery.

B.

Exclude S3 buckets that have public read access from automated discovery.

C.

Configure scheduled daily discovery jobs for all S3 buckets in the account.

D.

Configure discovery jobs to include S3 objects based on the last modified criterion.

E.

Configure discovery jobs to include S3 objects that are tagged as production only.

Question 33

A DevOps engineer is setting up a container-based architecture. The engineer has decided to use AWS CloudFormation to automatically provision an Amazon ECS cluster and an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to launch the EC2 container instances. After successfully creating the CloudFormation stack, the engineer noticed that, even though the ECS cluster and the EC2 instances were created successfully and the stack finished the creation, the EC2 instances were associating with a different cluster.

How should the DevOps engineer update the CloudFormation template to resolve this issue?

Options:

A.

Reference the EC2 instances in the AWS: ECS: Cluster resource and reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: ECS: Service resource.

B.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: AutoScaling: LaunchConfiguration resource of the UserData property.

C.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS:EC2: lnstance resource of the UserData property.

D.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: CloudFormation: CustomResource resource to trigger an AWS Lambda function that registers the EC2 instances with the appropriate ECS cluster.

Question 34

A company uses AWS CDK and CodePipeline with CodeBuild to deploy applications. The company wants to enforce unit tests before deployment; deployment proceeds only if tests pass.

Which steps enforce this? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Update CodeBuild build commands to run tests then deploy, set OnFailure to ABORT.

B.

Update CodeBuild commands to run tests then deploy, add --rollback true to cdk deploy.

C.

Update CodeBuild commands to run tests then deploy, add --require-approval any-change flag.

D.

Create tests with AWS CDK assertions module, using template.hasResourceProperties assertions.

E.

Create tests that use cdk diff and fail if any resource changes are detected.

Question 35

A company uses AWS Control Tower to deploy multiple AWS accounts. A security team must automate Control Tower guardrails applied to all accounts in an OU, with version control and rollback capabilities.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create CloudFormation templates per guardrail stored in CodeCommit. Use AWS::ControlTower::EnableControl resources. Automate via CodeBuild.

B.

Same as A but for each account.

C.

Store CloudFormation templates per guardrail in a Git repo. Use CodePipeline in the security account with EventBridge triggering deployments.

D.

Store templates in S3 and trigger deployment with EventBridge PutObject.

Question 36

A company has a single developer writing code for an automated deployment pipeline. The developer is storing source code in an Amazon S3 bucket for each project. The company wants to add more developers to the team but is concerned about code conflicts and lost work The company also wants to build a test environment to deploy newer versions of code for testing and allow developers to automatically deploy to both environments when code is changed in the repository.

What is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository tor each project, use the mam branch for production code: and create a testing branch for code deployed to testing Use feature branches to develop new features and pull requests to merge code to testing and main branches.

B.

Create another S3 bucket for each project for testing code, and use an AWS Lambda function to promote code changes between testing and production buckets Enable versioning on all buckets to prevent code conflicts.

C.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository for each project, and use the main branch for production and test code with different deployment pipelines for each environment Use feature branches to develop new features.

D.

Enable versioning and branching on each S3 bucket, use the main branch for production code, and create a testing branch for code deployed to testing. Have developers use each branch for developing in each environment.

Question 37

A DevOps engineer manages an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that builds and deploys a web application on AWS. The pipeline has a source stage, a build stage, and a deploy stage. When deployed properly, the web application responds with a 200 OK HTTP response code when the URL of the home page is requested. The home page recently returned a 503 HTTP response code after CodePipeline deployed the application. The DevOps engineer needs to add an automated test into the pipeline. The automated test must ensure that the application returns a 200 OK HTTP response code after the application is deployed. The pipeline must fail if the response code is not present during the test. The DevOps engineer has added a CheckURL stage after the deploy stage in the pipeline. What should the DevOps engineer do next to implement the automated test?

Options:

A.

Configure the CheckURL stage to use an Amazon CloudWatch action. Configure the action to use a canary synthetic monitoring check on the application URL and to report a success or failure to CodePipeline.

B.

Create an AWS Lambda function to check the response code status of the URL and to report a success or failure to CodePipeline. Configure an action in the CheckURL stage to invoke the Lambda function.

C.

Configure the CheckURL stage to use an AWS CodeDeploy action. Configure the action with an input artifact that is the URL of the application and to report a success or failure to CodePipeline.

D.

Deploy an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API that checks the response code status of the URL and that reports success or failure to CodePipeline. Configure the CheckURL stage to use the AWS Device Farm test action and to provide the API Gateway HTTP API as an input artifact.

Question 38

A DevOps team operates an integration service that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. The DevOps team uses Amazon Route 53 to manage the integration service's domain name by using a simple routing record. The integration service is stateful and uses Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for data storage and state storage. The integration service does not support load balancing between multiple nodes. The DevOps team deploys the integration service on a new EC2 instance as a warm standby to reduce the mean time to recovery. The DevOps team wants the integration service to automatically fail over to the standby EC2 instance. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Update the existing Route 53 DNS record's routing policy to weighted. Set the existing DNS record's weighting to 100. For the same domain, add a new DNS record that points to the standby EC2 instance. Set the new DNS record's weighting to 0. Associate an application health check with each record.

B.

Update the existing Route 53 DNS record's routing policy to weighted. Set the existing DNS record's weighting to 99. For the same domain, add a new DNS record that points to the standby EC2 instance. Set the new DNS record's weighting to 1. Associate an application health check with each record.

C.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Update the existing Route 53 record to point to the ALB. Create a target group for each EC2 instance. Configure an application health check on each target group. Associate both target groups with the same ALB listener. Set the primary target group's weighting to 100. Set the standby target group's weighting to 0.

D.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Update the existing Route 53 record to point to the ALB. Create a target group for each EC2 instance. Configure an application health check on each target group. Associate both target groups with the same ALB listener. Set the primary target group's weighting to 99. Set the standby target group's weighting to 1.

Question 39

A company has enabled all features for its organization in AWS Organizations. The organization contains 10 AWS accounts. The company has turned on AWS CloudTrail in all the accounts. The company expects the number of AWS accounts in the organization to increase to 500 during the next year. The company plans to use multiple OUs for these accounts.

The company has enabled AWS Config in each existing AWS account in the organization. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that enables AWS Config automatically for all future AWS accounts that are created in the organization.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.

In the organization's management account, create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to a CreateAccount API call. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that enables trusted access to AWS Config for the organization.

B.

In the organization's management account, create an AWS CloudFormation stack set to enable AWS Config. Configure the stack set to deploy automatically when an account is created through Organizations.

C.

In the organization's management account, create an SCP that allows the appropriate AWS Config API calls to enable AWS Config. Apply the SCP to the root-level OU.

D.

In the organization's management account, create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to a CreateAccount API call. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to enable AWS Config for the account.

Question 40

A company manages a multi-tenant environment in its VPC and has configured Amazon GuardDuty for the corresponding AWS account. The company sends all GuardDuty findings to AWS Security Hub.

Traffic from suspicious sources is generating a large number of findings. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to automatically deny traffic across the entire VPC when GuardDuty discovers a new suspicious source.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a GuardDuty threat list. Configure GuardDuty to reference the list. Create an AWS Lambda function that will update the threat list Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty.

B.

Configure an AWS WAF web ACL that includes a custom rule group. Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a block rule in the custom rule group Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty

C.

Configure a firewall in AWS Network Firewall. Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a Drop action rule in the firewall policy Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty

D.

Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a GuardDuty suppression rule. Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty.

Question 41

A company has multiple development teams in different business units that work in a shared single AWS account All Amazon EC2 resources that are created in the account must include tags that specify who created the resources. The tagging must occur within the first hour of resource creation.

A DevOps engineer needs to add tags to the created resources that Include the user ID that created the resource and the cost center ID The DevOps engineer configures an AWS Lambda Function with the cost center mappings to tag the resources. The DevOps engineer also sets up AWS CloudTrail in the AWS account. An Amazon S3 bucket stores the CloudTrail event logs

Which solution will meet the tagging requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an S3 event notification on the S3 bucket to invoke the Lambda function for s3. ObJectTagging:Put events. Enable bucket versioning on the S3 bucket.

B.

Enable server access logging on the S3 bucket. Create an S3 event notification on the S3 bucket for s3. ObjectTaggIng.• events

C.

Create a recurring hourly Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule that invokes the Larnbda function. Modify the Lambda function to read the logs from the S3 bucket

D.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that uses Amazon EC2 as the event source. Configure the rule to match events delivered by CloudTraiI. Configure the rule to target the Lambda function

Question 42

A video-sharing company stores its videos in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company needs to analyze user access patterns such as the number of users who access a specific video each month.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?

Options:

A.

Enable Amazon S3 server access logging. Load the access logs into an Amazon Aurora database. Run SQL queries on the Aurora database to analyze the user access patterns.

B.

Enable Amazon S3 server access logging. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table that contains the access logs. Run SQL queries on the Athena table to analyze the user access patterns.

C.

Invoke an AWS Lambda function for every S3 object access event. Configure the Lambda function to write the file access information, including user ID, S3 bucket ID, and file key, to an Amazon Aurora database. Run SQL queries on the Aurora database to analyze the user access patterns.

D.

Record a log message in Amazon CloudWatch Logs for every S3 object access event. Configure a log stream in CloudWatch Logs to write the file access information, including user ID, S3 bucket ID, and file key, to an Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink application. Perform a sliding window analysis on the user access patterns.

Question 43

A company is using AWS CodePipeline to automate its release pipeline. AWS CodeDeploy is being used in the pipeline to deploy an application to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) using the blue/green deployment model. The company wants to implement scripts to test the green version of the application before shifting traffic. These scripts will complete in 5 minutes or less. If errors are discovered during these tests, the application must be rolled back.

Which strategy will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use AWS CodeBuild to create a runtime environment and build commands in the buildspec file to invoke test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.

B.

Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use this stage to invoke an AWS Lambda function that will run the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.

C.

Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTestTraffic lifecycle event to invoke an AWS Lambda function to run the test scripts. If errors are found, exit the Lambda function with an error to initiate rollback.

D.

Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTraffic lifecycle event to invoke the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment CLI command to stop the deployment.

Question 44

A company has a continuous integration pipeline where the company creates container images by using AWS CodeBuild. The created images are stored in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Checking for and fixing the vulnerabilities in the images takes the company too much time. The company wants to identify the image vulnerabilities quickly and notify the security team of the vulnerabilities. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Activate Amazon Inspector enhanced scanning for Amazon ECR. Configure the enhanced scanning to use continuous scanning. Set up a topic in Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

B.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for Amazon Inspector findings. Set an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the rule target.

C.

Activate AWS Lambda enhanced scanning for Amazon ECR. Configure the enhanced scanning to use continuous scanning. Set up a topic in Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES).

D.

Create a new AWS Lambda function. Invoke the new Lambda function when scan findings are detected.

E.

Activate default basic scanning for Amazon ECR for all container images. Configure the default basic scanning to use continuous scanning. Set up a topic in Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

Question 45

A company has developed a web application that conducts seasonal sales on public holidays. The web application is deployed on AWS and uses AWS services for storage, database, computing, and encryption. During seasonal sales, the company expects high network traffic from many users. The company must receive insights regarding any unexpected behavior during the sale. A DevOps team wants to review the insights upon detecting anomalous behaviors during the sale. The DevOps team wants to receive recommended actions to resolve the anomalous behaviors. The recommendations must be provided on the provisioned infrastructure to address issues that might occur in the future.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Enable Amazon DevOps Guru in the AWS account. Determine the coverage for DevOps Guru for all supported AWS resources in the account. Use the DevOps Guru dashboard to find the analysis, recommendations, and related metrics.

B.

Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Configure Amazon DevOps Guru to send notifications about important events to the company when anomalies are identified.

C.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Store Amazon CloudWatch logs, AWS CloudTrail data, and AWS Config data in the S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to generate insights on the data. Create a dashboard by using Amazon QuickSight.

D.

Configure email message reports for an Amazon QuickSight dashboard. Schedule and send the email reports to the company.

E.

Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Configure Amazon Athena to send query results about important events to the company when anomalies are identified.

Question 46

A company hosts a security auditing application in an AWS account. The auditing application uses an IAM role to access other AWS accounts. All the accounts are in the same organization in AWS Organizations.

A recent security audit revealed that users in the audited AWS accounts could modify or delete the auditing application's IAM role. The company needs to prevent any modification to the auditing application's IAM role by any entity other than a trusted administrator IAM role.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an SCP that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the SCP to the root of the organization.

B.

Create an SCP that includes an Allow statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role by the trusted administrator IAM role. Include a Deny statement for changes by all other IAM principals. Attach the SCP to the IAM service in each AWS account where the auditing application has an IAM role.

C.

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the audited AWS accounts.

D.

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application’s IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the auditing application's IAM role in the AWS accounts.

Question 47

A company is using an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company's development team wants to use AWS Lambda functions to meet resiliency requirements and is rewriting all applications to work with Lambda functions that are deployed in a VPC. The development team is using Amazon Elastic Pile System (Amazon EFS) as shared storage in Account A in the organization.

The company wants to continue to use Amazon EPS with Lambda Company policy requires all serverless projects to be deployed in Account B.

A DevOps engineer needs to reconfigure an existing EFS file system to allow Lambda functions to access the data through an existing EPS access point.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Update the EFS file system policy to provide Account B with access to mount and write to the EFS file system in Account A.

B.

Create SCPs to set permission guardrails with fine-grained control for Amazon EFS.

C.

Create a new EFS file system in Account B Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to keep data from Account A and Account B synchronized.

D.

Update the Lambda execution roles with permission to access the VPC and the EFS file system.

E.

Create a VPC peering connection to connect Account A to Account B.

F.

Configure the Lambda functions in Account B to assume an existing IAM role in Account A.

Question 48

A company is using the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to develop a microservices-based application. The company needs to create reusable infrastructure components for three environments: development, staging, and production. The components must include networking resources, database resources, and serverless compute resources.

The company must implement a solution that provides consistent infrastructure across environments while offering the option for environment-specific customizations. The solution also must minimize code duplication.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development overhead?

Options:

A.

Create custom Level 1 (L1) constructs out of Level 2 (L2) constructs where repeatable patterns exist. Create a single set of deployment stacks that takes the environment name as an argument upon instantiation. Deploy CDK applications for each environment.

B.

Create custom Level 1 (L1) constructs out of Level 2 (L2) constructs where repeatable patterns exist. Create separate deployment stacks for each environment. Use the CDK context command to determine which stacks to run when deploying to each environment.

C.

Create custom Level 3 (L3) constructs out of Level 2 (L2) constructs where repeatable patterns exist. Create a single set of deployment stacks that takes the environment name as an argument upon instantiation. Deploy CDK applications for each environment.

D.

Create custom Level 3 (L3) constructs out of Level 2 (L2) constructs where repeatable patterns exist. Create separate deployment stacks for each environment. Use the CDK context command to determine which stacks to run when deploying to each environment.

Question 49

A company wants to use a grid system for a proprietary enterprise m-memory data store on top of AWS. This system can run in multiple server nodes in any Linux-based distribution. The system must be able to reconfigure the entire cluster every time a node is added or removed. When adding or removing nodes an /etc./cluster/nodes config file must be updated listing the IP addresses of the current node members of that cluster.

The company wants to automate the task of adding new nodes to a cluster.

What can a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use AWS OpsWorks Stacks to layer the server nodes of that cluster. Create a Chef recipe that populates the content of the 'etc./cluster/nodes config file and restarts the service by using the current members of the layer. Assign that recipe to the Configure lifecycle event.

B.

Put the file nodes config in version control. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment configuration and deployment group based on an Amazon EC2 tag value for thecluster nodes. When adding a new node to the cluster update the file with all tagged instances and make a commit in version control. Deploy the new file and restart the services.

C.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket and upload a version of the /etc./cluster/nodes config file Create a crontab script that will poll for that S3 file and download it frequently. Use a process manager such as Monit or system, to restart the cluster services when it detects that the new file was modified. When adding a node to the cluster edit the file's most recent members Upload the new file to the S3 bucket.

D.

Create a user data script that lists all members of the current security group of the cluster and automatically updates the /etc/cluster/. nodes config. Tile whenever a new instance is added to the cluster.

Question 50

A company is running a custom-built application that processes records. All the components run on Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group. Each record's processing is a multistep sequential action that is compute-intensive. Each step is always completed in 5 minutes or less.

A limitation of the current system is that if any steps fail, the application has to reprocess the record from the beginning The company wants to update the architecture so that the application must reprocess only the failed steps.

What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a web application to write records to Amazon S3 Use S3 Event Notifications to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic Use an EC2 instance to poll Amazon SNS and start processing Save intermediate results to Amazon S3 to pass on to the next step

B.

Perform the processing steps by using logic in the application. Convert the application code to run in a container. Use AWS Fargate to manage the container Instances. Configure the container to invoke itself to pass the state from one step to the next.

C.

Create a web application to pass records to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Decouple the processing by using the Kinesis data stream and AWS Lambda functions.

D.

Create a web application to pass records to AWS Step Functions. Decouple the processing into Step Functions tasks and AWS Lambda functions.

Question 51

A company is building a new pipeline by using AWS CodePipeline and AWS CodeBuild in a build account. The pipeline consists of two stages. The first stage is a CodeBuild job to build and package an AWS Lambda function. The second stage consists of deployment actions that operate on two different AWS accounts a development environment account and a production environment account. The deployment stages use the AWS Cloud Format ion action that CodePipeline invokes to deploy the infrastructure that the Lambda function requires.

A DevOps engineer creates the CodePipeline pipeline and configures the pipeline to encrypt build artifacts by using the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed key for Amazon S3 (the aws/s3 key). The artifacts are stored in an S3 bucket When the pipeline runs, the Cloud Formation actions fail with an access denied error.

Which combination of actions must the DevOps engineer perform to resolve this error? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Create an S3 bucket in each AWS account for the artifacts Allow the pipeline to write to the S3 buckets. Create a CodePipeline S3 action to copy the artifacts to the S3 bucket in each AWS account Update the CloudFormation actions to reference the artifacts S3 bucket in the production account.

B.

Create a customer managed KMS key Configure the KMS key policy to allow the IAM roles used by the CloudFormation action to perform decrypt operations Modify the pipeline to use the customer managed KMS key to encrypt artifacts.

C.

Create an AWS managed KMS key Configure the KMS key policy to allow the development account and the production account to perform decrypt operations. Modify the pipeline to use the KMS key to encrypt artifacts.

D.

In the development account and in the production account create an IAM role for CodePipeline. Configure the roles with permissions to perform CloudFormation operations and with permissions to retrieve and decrypt objects from the artifacts S3 bucket. In the CodePipeline account configure the CodePipeline CloudFormation action to use the roles.

E.

In the development account and in the production account create an IAM role for CodePipeline Configure the roles with permissions to perform CloudFormationoperations and with permissions to retrieve and decrypt objects from the artifacts S3 bucket. In the CodePipelme account modify the artifacts S3 bucket policy to allow the roles access Configure the CodePipeline CloudFormation action to use the roles.

Question 52

A company uses an Amazon API Gateway regional REST API to host its application API. The REST API has a custom domain. The REST API's default endpoint is deactivated.

The company's internal teams consume the API. The company wants to use mutual TLS between the API and the internal teams as an additional layer of authentication.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Use AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to create a private certificate authority (CA). Provision a client certificate that is signed by the private CA.

B.

Provision a client certificate that is signed by a public certificate authority (CA). Import the certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM).

C.

Upload the provisioned client certificate to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the API Gateway mutual TLS to use the client certificate that is stored in the S3 bucket as the trust store.

D.

Upload the provisioned client certificate private key to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the API Gateway mutual TLS to use the private key that is stored in the S3 bucket as the trust store.

E.

Upload the root private certificate authority (CA) certificate to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the API Gateway mutual TLS to use the private CA certificate that is stored in the S3 bucket as the trust store.

Question 53

A company has multiple development groups working in a single shared AWS account. The Senior Manager of the groups wants to be alerted via a third-party API call when the creation of resources approaches the service limits for the account.

Which solution will accomplish this with the LEAST amount of development effort?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Event rule that runs periodically and targets an AWS Lambda function. Within the Lambda function, evaluate the current state of the AWS environment and compare deployed resource values to resource limits on the account. Notify the Senior Manager if the account is approaching a service limit.

B.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Trusted Advisor checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Trusted Advisor events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

C.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Personal Health Dashboard checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Personal Health Dashboard events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

D.

Add an AWS Config custom rule that runs periodically, checks the AWS service limit status, and streams notifications to an Amazon SNS topic. Deploy an AWS Lambda function that notifies the Senior Manager, and subscribe the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

Question 54

A company has deployed a new platform that runs on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). The new platform hosts web applications that users frequently update. The application developers build the Docker images for the applications and deploy the Docker images manually to the platform.

The platform usage has increased to more than 500 users every day. Frequent updates, building the updated Docker images for the applications, and deploying the Docker images on the platform manually have all become difficult to manage.

The company needs to receive an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification if Docker image scanning returns any HIGH or CRITICAL findings for operating system or programming language package vulnerabilities.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository to store the Dockerfile and Kubernetes deployment files. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Use an Amazon S3 event to invoke the pipeline when a newer version of the Dockerfile is committed. Add a stop to the pipeline to initiate the AWS CodeBuild project.

B.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository to store the Dockerfile and Kubernetes deployment files. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Use an Amazon EvenlBridge event to invoke the pipeline when a newer version of the Dockerfile is committed. Add a step to the pipeline to initiate the AWS CodeBuild project.

C.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project that builds the Docker images and stores the Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository. Turn on basic scanning for the ECR repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that monitors Amazon GuardDuty events. Configure the EventBridge rule to send an event to an SNS topic when the finding-severity-counts parameter is more than 0 at a CRITICAL or HIGH level.

D.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project that builds the Docker images and stores the Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository. Turn on enhanced scanning for the ECR repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that monitors ECR image scan events. Configure the EventBridge rule to send an event to an SNS topic when the finding-severity-counts parameter is more than 0 at a CRITICAL or HIGH level.

E.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project that scans the Dockerfile. Configure the project to build the Docker images and store the Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository if the scan is successful. Configure an SNS topic to provide notification if the scan returns any vulnerabilities.

Question 55

A DevOps engineer has created an AWS CloudFormation template that deploys an application on Amazon EC2 instances The EC2 instances run Amazon Linux The application is deployed to the EC2 instances by using shell scripts that contain user data. The EC2 instances have an 1AM instance profile that has an 1AM role with the AmazonSSMManagedlnstanceCore managed policy attached

The DevOps engineer has modified the user data in the CloudFormation template to install a new version of the application. The engineer has also applied the stack update. However, the application was not updated on the running EC2 instances. The engineer needs to ensure that the changes to the application are installed on the running EC2 instances.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Configure the user data content to use the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) multipart format. Set the scripts-user parameter to always in the text/cloud-config section.

B.

Refactor the user data commands to use the cfn-init helper script. Update the user data to install and configure the cfn-hup and cfn-mit helper scripts to monitor and apply the metadata changes

C.

Configure an EC2 launch template for the EC2 instances. Create a new EC2 Auto Scaling group. Associate the Auto Scaling group with the EC2 launch template Use the AutoScalingScheduledAction update policy for the Auto Scaling group.

D.

Refactor the user data commands to use an AWS Systems Manager document (SSM document). Add an AWS CLI command in the user data to use Systems Manager Run Command to apply the SSM document to the EC2 instances

E.

Refactor the user data command to use an AWS Systems Manager document (SSM document) Use Systems Manager State Manager to create an association between the SSM document and the EC2 instances.

Question 56

A company wants to use AWS Systems Manager documents to bootstrap physical laptops for developers The bootstrap code Is stored in GitHub A DevOps engineer has already created a Systems Manager activation, installed the Systems Manager agent with the registration code, and installed an activation ID on all the laptops.

Which set of steps should be taken next?

Options:

A.

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the AWS-RunShellScnpt command to copy the files from GitHub to Amazon S3, then use the aws-downloadContent plugin with a sourceType of S3

B.

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws-configurePackage plugin with an install action and point to the Git repository

C.

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws-downloadContent plugin with a sourceType of GitHub and sourcelnfo with the repository details.

D.

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws:softwarelnventory plugin and run the script from the Git repository

Question 57

A DevOps engineer is using AWS CodeDeploy across a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in an EC2 Auto Scaling group. The associated CodeDeploy deployment group, which is integrated with EC2 Auto Scaling, is configured to perform in-place deployments with codeDeployDefault.oneAtATime During an ongoing new deployment, the engineer discovers that, although the overall deployment finished successfully, two out of five instances have the previous application revision deployed. The other three instances have the newest application revision

What is likely causing this issue?

Options:

A.

The two affected instances failed to fetch the new deployment.

B.

A failed Afterinstall lifecycle event hook caused the CodeDeploy agent to roll back to the previous version on the affected instances

C.

The CodeDeploy agent was not installed in two affected instances.

D.

EC2 Auto Scaling launched two new instances while the new deployment had not yet finished, causing the previous version to be deployed on the affected instances.

Question 58

A company builds an application that uses an Application Load Balancer in front of Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The

application is stateless. The Auto Scaling group uses a custom AMI that is fully prebuilt. The EC2 instances do not have a custom bootstrapping process.

The AMI that the Auto Scaling group uses was recently deleted. The Auto Scaling group's scaling activities show failures because the AMI ID does not exist.

Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Create a new launch template that uses the new AMI.

B.

Update the Auto Scaling group to use the new launch template.

C.

Reduce the Auto Scaling group's desired capacity to O.

D.

Increase the Auto Scaling group's desired capacity by I.

E.

Create a new AMI from a running EC2 instance in the Auto Scaling group.

F.

Create a new AMI by copying the most recent public AMI of the operating system that the EC2 instances use.

Question 59

A company wants to migrate its content sharing web application hosted on Amazon EC2 to a serverless architecture. The company currently deploys changes to its application by creating a new Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances and a new Elastic Load Balancer, and then shifting the traffic away using an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy.

For its new serverless application, the company is planning to use Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The company will need to update its deployment processes to work with the new application. It will also need to retain the ability to test new features on a small number of users before rolling the features out to the entire user base.

Which deployment strategy will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use AWS CDK to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions. When code needs to be changed, update the AWS CloudFormation stack and deploy the new version of the APIs and Lambda functions. Use a Route 53 failover routing policy for the canary release strategy.

B.

Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions using Lambda function versions. When code needs to be changed, update the CloudFormation stack with the new Lambda code and update the API versions using a canary release strategy. Promote the new version when testing is complete.

C.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions. When code needs to be changed, deploy a new version of the API and Lambda functions. Shift traffic gradually using an Elastic Beanstalk blue/green deployment.

D.

Use AWS OpsWorks to deploy API Gateway in the service layer and Lambda functions in a custom layer. When code needs to be changed, use OpsWorks to perform a blue/green deployment and shift traffic gradually.

Question 60

A company containerized its Java app and uses CodePipeline. They want to scan images in ECR for vulnerabilities and reject images with critical vulnerabilities in a manual approval stage.

Which solution meets these?

Options:

A.

Basic scanning with EventBridge for Inspector findings and Lambda to reject manual approval if critical vulnerabilities found.

B.

Enhanced scanning, Lambda invokes Inspector for SBOM, exports to S3, Athena queries SBOM, rejects manual approval on critical findings.

C.

Enhanced scanning, EventBridge listens to Detective scan findings, Lambda rejects manual approval on critical vulnerabilities.

D.

Enhanced scanning, EventBridge listens to Inspector scan findings, Lambda rejects manual approval on critical vulnerabilities.

Question 61

A DevOps engineer is building the infrastructure for an application. The application needs to run on an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster that includes Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances need to use an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system as a storage backend. The Amazon EFS Container Storage Interface (CSI) driver is installed on the EKS cluster.

When the DevOps engineer starts the application, the EC2 instances do not mount the EFS file system.

Which solutions will fix the problem? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Switch the EKS nodes from Amazon EC2 to AWS Fargate.

B.

Add an inbound rule to the EFS file system's security group to allow NFS traffic from the EKS cluster.

C.

Create an IAM role that allows the Amazon EFS CSI driver to interact with the file system.

D.

Set up AWS DataSync to configure file transfer between the EFS file system and the EKS nodes.

E.

Create a mount target for the EFS file system in the subnet of the EKS nodes.

F.

Disable encryption on the EFS file system.

Question 62

An Amazon EC2 instance is running in a VPC and needs to download an object from a restricted Amazon S3 bucket. When the DevOps engineer tries to download the object, an AccessDenied error is received,

What are the possible causes tor this error? (Select TWO,)

Options:

A.

The 53 bucket default encryption is enabled.

B.

There is an error in the S3 bucket policy.

C.

The object has been moved to S3 Glacier.

D.

There is an error in the IAM role configuration.

E.

S3 Versioning is enabled.

Question 63

A company uses Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda functions to implement an API. The company uses a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline to build and deploy the API. The pipeline contains a source stage, build stage, and deployment stage.

The company deploys the API without performing smoke tests. Soon after the deployment, the company observes multiple issues with the API. A security audit finds security vulnerabilities in the production code.

The company wants to prevent these issues from happening in the future.

Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Create a smoke test script that returns an error code if the API code fails the test. Add an action in the deployment stage to run the smoke test script after deployment. Configure the deployment stage for automatic rollback.

B.

Create a smoke test script that returns an error code if the API code fails the test. Add an action in the deployment stage to run the smoke test script after deployment. Configure the deployment stage to fail if the smoke test script returns an error code.

C.

Add an action in the build stage that uses Amazon Inspector to scan the Lambda function code after the code is built. Configure the build stage to fail if the scan returns any security findings. D. Add an action in the build stage to run an Amazon CodeGuru code scan after the code is built. Configure the build stage to fail if the scan returns any security findings.

D.

Add an action in the deployment stage to run an Amazon CodeGuru code scan after deployment. Configure the deployment stage to fail if the scan returns any security findings.

Question 64

A production account has a requirement that any Amazon EC2 instance that has been logged in to manually must be terminated within 24 hours. All applications in the production account are using Auto Scaling groups with the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent configured.

How can this process be automated?

Options:

A.

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription to an AWS Step Functions application. Configure an AWS Lambda function to add a tag to the EC2 instance that produced the login event and mark the instance to be decommissioned. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke a second Lambda function once a day that will terminate all instances with this tag.

B.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that will be invoked by the login event. Send the notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that the operations team is subscribed to, and have them terminate the EC2 instance within 24 hours.

C.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that will be invoked by the login event. Configure the alarm to send to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Use a group of worker instances to process messages from the queue, which then schedules an Amazon EventBridge rule to be invoked.

D.

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription to an AWS Lambda function. Configure the function to add a tag to the EC2 instance that produced the login event and mark the instance to be decommissioned. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke a daily Lambda function that terminates all instances with this tag.

Question 65

A company uses a CI/CD pipeline to deploy its workload in the ap-southeast-2 Region. The company receives images through a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and processes the images in AWS Fargate tasks on an Amazon ECS cluster. An Amazon ECR repository stores the images as Docker images. The company uses Route 53 for DNS. The company saves the images in an S3 bucket and metadata in DynamoDB. The company wants to expand to eu-west-2 with high availability and resilience.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the FEWEST configuration changes? (Select THREE).

Options:

A.

Configure ECR replication to eu-west-2 on the repository. Configure an NLB in eu-west-2 that resolves to Fargate tasks in an ECS cluster in eu-west-2. Configure a latency routing policy in Route 53 for the two workloads.

B.

Configure the DynamoDB table as a global table with a replica in eu-west-2. Configure the Fargate tasks to interact with the DynamoDB table in ap-southeast-2.

C.

Configure the DynamoDB table as a global table with a replica in eu-west-2. Configure the Fargate tasks to interact with the DynamoDB table in the same Region that the tasks run in.

D.

Configure a new S3 bucket in eu-west-2. Configure data replication between the S3 bucket in ap-southeast-2 and the S3 bucket in eu-west-2. Configure the Fargate tasks to use the S3 bucket in the same Region that the tasks run in to perform S3 PUT and GET operations.

E.

Configure an S3 Multi-Region Access Point for the S3 bucket in ap-southeast-2 and a new S3 bucket in eu-west-2. Configure two-way replication on the S3 buckets. Configure the workloads to use the Multi-Region Access Point for S3 PUT and GET operations.

F.

Configure the CI/CD pipeline to deploy ECR images to both Regions. Configure an NLB in eu-west-2 that resolves to Fargate tasks in an ECS cluster in eu-west-2. Configure a failover routing policy in Route 53 for the two workloads.

Question 66

A company has set up AWS CodeArtifact repositories with public upstream repositories The company's development team consumes open source dependencies from the repositories in the company's internal network.

The company's security team recently discovered a critical vulnerability in the most recent version of a package that the development team consumes. The security team has produced a patched version to fix the vulnerability. The company needs to prevent the vulnerable version from being downloaded. The company also needs to allow the security team to publish the patched version.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? {Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Update the status of the affected CodeArtifact package version to unlisted

B.

Update the status of the affected CodeArtifact package version to deleted

C.

Update the status of the affected CodeArtifact package version to archived.

D.

Update the CodeArtifact package origin control settings to allow direct publishing and to block upstream operations

E.

Update the CodeArtifact package origin control settings to block direct publishing and to allow upstream operations.

Question 67

A company wants to set up a continuous delivery pipeline. The company stores application code in a private GitHub repository. The company needs to deploy the application components to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). Amazon EC2, and AWS Lambda. The pipeline must support manual approval actions.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use AWS CodePipeline with Amazon ECS. Amazon EC2, and Lambda as deploy providers.

B.

Use AWS CodePipeline with AWS CodeDeploy as the deploy provider.

C.

Use AWS CodePipeline with AWS Elastic Beanstalk as the deploy provider.

D.

Use AWS CodeDeploy with GitHub integration to deploy the application.

Question 68

A DevOps engineer needs to implement integration tests into an existing AWS CodePipelme CI/CD workflow for an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service. The CI/CD workflow retrieves new application code from an AWS CodeCommit repository and builds a container image. The CI/CD workflow then uploads the container image to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) with a new image tag version.

The integration tests must ensure that new versions of the service endpoint are reachable and that vanous API methods return successful response data The DevOps engineer has already created an ECS cluster to test the service

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Add a deploy stage to the pipeline Configure Amazon ECS as the action provider

B.

Add a deploy stage to the pipeline Configure AWS CodeDeploy as the action provider

C.

Add an appspec.yml file to the CodeCommit repository

D.

Update the image build pipeline stage to output an imagedefinitions json file that references the new image tag.

E.

Create an AWS Lambda function that runs connectivity checks and API calls against the service. Integrate the Lambda function with CodePipeline by using aLambda action stage

F.

Write a script that runs integration tests against the service. Upload the script to an Amazon S3 bucket. Integrate the script in the S3 bucket with CodePipeline by using an S3 action stage.

Question 69

A company is adopting AWS CodeDeploy to automate its application deployments for a Java-Apache Tomcat application with an Apache Webserver. The development team started with a proof of concept, created a deployment group for a developer environment, and performed functional tests within the application. After completion, the team will create additional deployment groups for staging and production.

The current log level is configured within the Apache settings, but the team wants to change this configuration dynamically when the deployment occurs, so that they can set different log level configurations depending on the deployment group without having a different application revision for each group.

How can these requirements be met with the LEAST management overhead and without requiring different script versions for each deployment group?

Options:

A.

Tag the Amazon EC2 instances depending on the deployment group. Then place a script into the application revision that calls the metadata service and the EC2 API to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference the script as part of the AfterInstall lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

B.

Create a script that uses the CodeDeploy environment variable DEPLOYMENT_GROUP_ NAME to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the BeforeInstall lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

C.

Create a CodeDeploy custom environment variable for each environment. Then place a script into the application revision that checks this environment variable to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the ValidateService lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

D.

Create a script that uses the CodeDeploy environment variable DEPLOYMENT_GROUP_ID to identify which deployment group the instance is part of to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the Install lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Question 70

A DevOps engineer is building a continuous deployment pipeline for a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company wants to reduce the customer impact of an unsuccessful deployment. The company also wants to monitor for issues.

Which deploy stage configuration will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template to define the serverless application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda functions with the Canary10Percent15Minutes Deployment Preference Type. Use Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor the health of the functions.

B.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Set up an AWS CodePipeline approval action for a developer to verify and approve the AWS CloudFormation change set.

C.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new version on every stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Use the RoutingConfig property of the AWS::Lambda::Alias resource to update the traffic routing during the stack update.

D.

Use AWS CodeBuild to add sample event payloads for testing to the Lambda functions. Publish a new version of the functions, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms. Update the production alias to point to the new version. Configure rollbacks to occur when an alarm is in the ALARM state.

Question 71

A company runs an Amazon EKS cluster and must implement comprehensive logging for the control plane and nodes. The company must analyze API requests and monitor container performance.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Enable AWS CloudTrail for control plane logging and deploy Logstash on nodes.

B.

Enable control plane logging to CloudWatch and use CloudWatch Container Insights for node and pod metrics.

C.

Enable API server logging to S3 and deploy Kubernetes Event Exporter to nodes.

D.

Use AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry and stream logs to Amazon Redshift.

Question 72

A company runs a website by using an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service that is connected to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The service was in a steady state with tasks responding to requests successfully. A DevOps engineer updated the task definition with a new container image and deployed the new task definition to the service. The DevOps engineer noticed that the service is frequently stopping and starting new tasks because the ALB health checks are failing. What should the DevOps engineer do to troubleshoot the failed deployment?

Options:

A.

Ensure that a security group associated with the service allows traffic from the ALB.

B.

Increase the ALB health check grace period for the service.

C.

Increase the service minimum healthy percent setting.

D.

Decrease the ALB health check interval.

Question 73

A company runs its container workloads in AWS App Runner. A DevOps engineer manages the company's container repository in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR).

The DevOps engineer must implement a solution that continuously monitors the container repository. The solution must create a new container image when the solution detects an operating system vulnerability or language package vulnerability.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Use EC2 Image Builder to create a container image pipeline. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Turn on enhanced scanning on the ECR repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture an Inspector2 finding event. Use the event to invoke the image pipeline. Re-upload the container to the repository.

B.

Use EC2 Image Builder to create a container image pipeline. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Enable Amazon GuardDuty Malware Protection on the container workload. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture a GuardDuty finding event. Use the event to invoke the image pipeline.

C.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project to create a container image. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Turn on basic scanning on the repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture an ECR image action event. Use the event to invoke the CodeBuild project. Re-upload the container to the repository.

D.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project to create a container image. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Configure AWS Systems Manager Compliance to scan all managed nodes. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture a configuration compliance state change event. Use the event to invoke the CodeBuild project.

Question 74

A company uses the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to define its application. The company uses a pipeline that consists of AWS CodePipeline and AWS CodeBuild to deploy the CDK application. The company wants to introduce unit tests to the pipeline to test various infrastructure components. The company wants to ensure that a deployment proceeds if no unit tests result in a failure.

Which combination of steps will enforce the testing requirement in the pipeline? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Update the CodeBuild build phase commands to run the tests then to deploy the application. Set the OnFailure phase property to ABORT.

B.

Update the CodeBuild build phase commands to run the tests then to deploy the application. Add the --rollback true flag to the cdk deploy command.

C.

Update the CodeBuild build phase commands to run the tests then to deploy the application. Add the --require-approval any-change flag to the cdk deploy command.

D.

Create a test that uses the AWS CDK assertions module. Use the template.hasResourceProperties assertion to test that resources have the expected properties.

E.

Create a test that uses the cdk diff command. Configure the test to fail if any resources have changed.

Question 75

A company is performing vulnerability scanning for all Amazon EC2 instances across many accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Each account's VPCs are attached to a shared transit gateway. The VPCs send traffic to the internet through a central egress VPC. The company has enabled Amazon Inspector in a delegated administrator account and has enabled scanning for all member accounts.

A DevOps engineer discovers that some EC2 instances are listed in the "not scanning" tab in Amazon Inspector.

Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer take to resolve this issue? (Choose three.)

Options:

A.

Verify that AWS Systems Manager Agent is installed and is running on the EC2 instances that Amazon Inspector is not scanning.

B.

Associate the target EC2 instances with security groups that allow outbound communication on port 443 to the AWS Systems Manager service endpoint.

C.

Grant inspector: StartAssessmentRun permissions to the IAM role that the DevOps engineer is using.

D.

Configure EC2 Instance Connect for the EC2 instances that Amazon Inspector is not scanning.

E.

Associate the target EC2 instances with instance profiles that grant permissions to communicate with AWS Systems Manager.

F.

Create a managed-instance activation. Use the Activation Code and the Activation ID to register the EC2 instances.

Question 76

A development team is using AWS CodeCommit to version control application code and AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate software deployments. The team has decided to use a remote main branch as the trigger for the pipeline to integrate code changes. A developer has pushed code changes to the CodeCommit repository, but noticed that the pipeline had no reaction, even after 10 minutes.

Which of the following actions should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?

Options:

A.

Check that an Amazon EventBridge rule has been created for the main branch to trigger the pipeline.

B.

Check that the CodePipeline service role has permission to access the CodeCommit repository.

C.

Check that the developer’s IAM role has permission to push to the CodeCommit repository.

D.

Check to see if the pipeline failed to start because of CodeCommit errors in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Question 77

A DevOps engineer is building a multistage pipeline with AWS CodePipeline to build, verify, stage, test, and deploy an application. A manual approval stage is required between the test stage and the deploy stage. The development team uses a custom chat tool with webhook support that requires near-real-time notifications.

How should the DevOps engineer configure status updates for pipeline activity and approval requests to post to the chat tool?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription that filters on CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change. Publish subscription events to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the chat webhook URL to the SNS topic, and complete the subscription validation.

B.

Create an AWS Lambda function that is invoked by AWS CloudTrail events. When a CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change event is detected, send the event details to the chat webhook URL.

C.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that filters on CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change. Publish the events to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Create an AWS Lambda function that sends event details to the chat webhook URL. Subscribe the function to the SNS topic.

D.

Modify the pipeline code to send the event details to the chat webhook URL at the end of each stage. Parameterize the URL so that each pipeline can send to a different URL based on the pipeline environment.

Question 78

A company is building a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions to process data.

A BeginResponse Lambda function initializes data in response to specific application events. The company needs to ensure that a large number of Lambda functions are invoked after the BeginResponse Lambda function runs. Each Lambda function must be invoked in parallel and depends on only the outputs of the BeginResponse Lambda function. Each Lambda function has retry logic for invocation and must be able to fine-tune concurrency without losing data.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Modify the BeginResponse Lambda function to publish to the SNS topic before the BeginResponse Lambda function finishes running. Subscribe all Lambda functions that need to invoke after the BeginResponse Lambda function runs to the SNS topic. Subscribe any new Lambda functions to the SNS topic.

B.

Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue for each Lambda function that needs to run after the BeginResponse Lambda function runs. Subscribe each Lambda function to its own SQS queue. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe each SQS queue to the SNS topic. Modify the BeginResponse function to publish to the SNS topic when it finishes running.

C.

Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue for each Lambda function that needs to run after the BeginResponse Lambda function runs. Subscribe the Lambda function to the SQS queue. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic for each SQS queue. Subscribe the SQS queues to the SNS topics. Modify the BeginResponse function to publish to the SNS topics when the function finishes running.

D.

Create an AWS Step Functions Standard Workflow. Configure states in the workflow to invoke the Lambda functions sequentially. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Modify the BeginResponse Lambda function to publish to the SNS topic before the Lambda function finishes running. Create a new Lambda function that is subscribed to the SNS topic and that invokes the Step Functions workflow.

Question 79

A company uses AWS CodePipeline and AWS CodeDeploy to deploy application code to Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances send application logs and CodeDeploy logs to Amazon CloudWatch.

Recently, the company manually rolled back a deployment because of application errors. The company wants to automate the rollback process when application errors occur.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create a CloudWatch metric based on the application logs. Create a CloudWatch alarm based on the metric that will activate when application errors occur. Change the deployment group settings to use the CloudWatch alarm configuration. Configure the deployment group to use an auto rollback configuration.

B.

Configure a CloudWatch alarm that uses a custom metric for application errors that are recorded in the CodeDeploy agent logs. Configure the current deployment to use the CloudWatch alarm for its alarm configuration. Configure the deployment to use an auto rollback configuration.

C.

Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a new deployment by using the last successful application deployment. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that matches events from CodeDeploy that have a deployment status of FAILURE. Configure the EventBridge rule to target the Lambda function.

D.

Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a new deployment group for the application deployment. Create a CloudWatch alarm based on metrics from the application logs. Configure the alarm to activate when an application error occurs on an EC2 instance. Configure the CloudWatch alarm to invoke the Lambda function.

Question 80

A company has developed an AWS Lambda function that handles orders received through an API. The company is using AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda function as the final stage of a CI/CD pipeline.

A DevOps engineer has noticed there are intermittent failures of the ordering API for a few seconds after deployment. After some investigation the DevOps engineer believes the failures are due to database changes not having fully propagated before the Lambda function is invoked

How should the DevOps engineer overcome this?

Options:

A.

Add a BeforeAllowTraffic hook to the AppSpec file that tests and waits for any necessary database changes before traffic can flow to the new version of the Lambda function.

B.

Add an AfterAlIowTraffic hook to the AppSpec file that forces traffic to wait for any pending database changes before allowing the new version of the Lambda function to respond.

C.

Add a BeforeAllowTraffic hook to the AppSpec file that tests and waits for any necessary database changes before deploying the new version of the Lambda function.

D.

Add a validateService hook to the AppSpec file that inspects incoming traffic and rejects the payload if dependent services such as the database are not yet ready.

Question 81

A company hosts its staging website using an Amazon EC2 instance backed with Amazon EBS storage. The company wants to recover quickly with minimal data losses in the event of network connectivity issues or power failures on the EC2 instance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Add the instance to an EC2 Auto Scaling group with the minimum, maximum, and desired capacity set to 1.

B.

Add the instance to an EC2 Auto Scaling group with a lifecycle hook to detach the EBS volume when the EC2 instance shuts down or terminates.

C.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for the StatusCheckFailed System metric and select the EC2 action to recover the instance.

D.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for the StatusCheckFailed Instance metric and select the EC2 action to reboot the instance.

Question 82

A company configured an Amazon S3 event source for an AWS Lambda function. The company needs the Lambda function to run when a new object is created or an existing object is modified in a specific S3 bucket. The Lambda function will use the S3 bucket name and the S3 object key of the incoming event to read the contents of the new or modified S3 object. The Lambda function will parse the contents and save the parsed contents to an Amazon DynamoDB table.

The Lambda function's execution role has permissions to 'eari from the S3 bucket and to Write to the DynamoDB table. During testing, a DevOpS engineer discovers that the Lambda fund on does rot run when objects are added to the S3 bucket or when existing objects are modified.

Which solution will resolve these problems?

Options:

A.

Create an S3 bucket policy for the S3 bucket that grants the S3 bucket permission to invoke the Lambda function.

B.

Create a resource policy for the Lambda function to grant Amazon S3 permission to invoke the Lambda function on the S3 bucket.

C.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as an OnFailure destination for the Lambda function. Update the Lambda function to process messages from the SQS queue and the S3 event notifications.

D.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as the destination for the S3 bucket event notifications. Update the Lambda function's execution role to have permission to read from the SQS queue. Update the Lambda function to consume messages from the SQS queue.

Question 83

A DevOps engineer is supporting early-stage development for a developer platform running on Amazon EKS. Recently, the platform has experienced an increased rate of container restart failures. The DevOps engineer wants diagnostic information to isolate and resolve issues.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.

Configure CloudWatch dashboards using default EKS service metrics.

B.

Configure AWS CloudTrail for the EKS cluster.

C.

Configure CloudTrail Insights for the EKS cluster.

D.

Configure Amazon CloudWatch Container Insights for the EKS cluster by enabling the CloudWatch Observability add-on.

Question 84

A company sells products through an ecommerce web application The company wants a dashboard that shows a pie chart of product transaction details. The company wants to integrate the dashboard With the company’s existing Amazon CloudWatch dashboards

Which solution Will meet these requirements With the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

A.

Update the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to a CloudWatch log group for each processed transaction. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the log group and to visualize the results in a pie chart format Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard.

B.

Update the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to an Amazon S3 bucket for each processed transaction. Use Amazon Athena to query the S3 bucket and to visualize the results In a Pie chart format. Export the results from Athena Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard

C.

Update the ecommerce application to use AWS X-Ray for instrumentation. Create a new X-Ray subsegment Add an annotation for each processed transaction. Use X-Ray traces to query the data and to visualize the results in a pie chart format Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard

D.

Update the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to a CloudWatch log group for each processed transaction_ Create an AWS Lambda function to aggregate and write the results to Amazon DynamoDB. Create a Lambda subscription filter for the log file. Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard.

Question 85

A company has an RPO of 24 hours and an RTO of 10 minutes for a critical web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS account. The company wants to set up AWS Backup for its AWS environment.

A DevOps engineer configures AWS Organizations for AWS Backup. The DevOps engineer creates a new centralized AWS account to store the backups. Each EC2 instance has four Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes attached.

Which solution will meet this requirement MOST securely?

Options:

A.

Create encrypted backup vaults and customer managed AWS KMS keys in both accounts. Configure AWS Backup to create full EC2 backups as AMIs. Copy the backups to the centralized vault.

B.

Create encrypted vaults in both accounts by using the source account's AWS KMS key. Configure AWS Backup to create EC2 AMIs. Copy the AMIs to the centralized vault.

C.

Create backup vaults in both accounts. Use AWS managed keys for encryption. Configure AWS Backup to create EC2 AMIs. Copy the AMIs to the centralized vault.

D.

Create encrypted vaults in both accounts. Use a customer managed KMS key in the source account. Use an AWS managed key in the centralized account. Configure AWS Backup to create EC2 AMIs. Copy the AMIs to the centralized vault.

Question 86

A company's organization in AWS Organizations has a single OU. The company runs Amazon EC2 instances in the OU accounts. The company needs to limit the use of each EC2 instance's credentials to the specific EC2 instance that the credential is assigned to. A DevOps engineer must configure security for the EC2 instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an SCP that specifies the VPC CIDR block. Configure the SCP to check whether the value of the aws:VpcSourcelp condition key is in the specified block. In the same SCP check, check whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourcePrivatelPv4 and aws:SourceVpc condition keys are the same. Deny access if either condition is false. Apply the SCP to the OU.

B.

Create an SCP that checks whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourceVPC and aws:SourceVpc condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. In the same SCP check, check whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourcePrivatelPv4 and awsVpcSourcelp condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. Apply the SCP to the OU.

C.

Create an SCP that includes a list of acceptable VPC values and checks whether the value of the aws:SourceVpc condition key is in the list. In the same SCP check, define a list of acceptable IP address values and check whether the value of the aws:VpcSourcelp condition key is in the list. Deny access if either condition is false. Apply the SCP to each account in the organization.

D.

Create an SCP that checks whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourceVPC and aws:VpcSourcelp condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. In the same SCP check, check whether the values of the aws:EC2lnstanceSourcePrivatolPv4 and aws:SourceVpc condition keys are the same. Deny access if the values are not the same. Apply the SCP to each account in the organization.

Question 87

A company uses AWS WAF to protect its cloud infrastructure. A DevOps engineer needs to give an operations team the ability to analyze log messages from AWS WAR. The operations team needs to be able to create alarms for specific patterns in the log output.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure the appropriate AWS WAF web ACL to send log messages to the log group. Instruct the operations team to create CloudWatch metric filters.

B.

Create an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster and appropriate indexes. Configure an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to stream log data to the indexes. Use OpenSearch Dashboards to create filters and widgets.

C.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket for the log output. Configure AWS WAF to send log outputs to the S3 bucket. Instruct the operations team to create AWS Lambda functions that detect each desired log message pattern. Configure the Lambda functions to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

D.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket for the log output. Configure AWS WAF to send log outputs to the S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table definition that fits the log message pattern. Instruct the operations team to write SOL queries and to create Amazon CloudWatch metric filters for the Athena queries.

Question 88

A company has an AWS Cloud Format ion slack that is deployed in a single AWS account. The company has configured the stack to send event notifications to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

A DevOps engineer must implement an automated solution that applies a tag to the specific Cloud Formation stack instance only after a successful stack update occurs. The DevOps engineer has created an AWS Lambda function that applies and updates this tag (or the specific slack instance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Run the AWS-UpdateCloudfomationStack AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook when Systems Manager detects an UPDATE_COMPLETE event for the instance status of the Cloud Formation stack. Configure the runbook to invoke the Lambda function.

B.

Create a custom AWS Config rule that produces a compliance change event if the CloudFormation stack has an UPDATE_COMPLETE instance status. Configure AWS Config to directly invoke the Lambda function to automatically remediate the change event.

C.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that matches the UPDATE COMPLETE event pattern for the instance status of the CloudFormation stack. Configure the rule to invoke the Lambda function.

D.

Adjust the configuration of the CloudFormation stack to send notifications for only an UPDATE COMPLETE instance status event to the SNS topic. Subscribe the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

Question 89

A company has many AWS accounts. During AWS account creation the company uses automation to create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group in every AWS Region that the company operates in. The automaton configures new resources in the accounts to publish logs to the provisioned log groups in their Region.

The company has created a logging account to centralize the logging from all the other accounts. A DevOps engineer needs to aggregate the log groups from all the accounts to an existing Amazon S3 bucket in the logging account.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

Options:

A.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the. Destination Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

B.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from all the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

C.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination Configure an Amazon Kinesis data stream and an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream for each Region to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

D.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

Question 90

A company’s web app runs on EC2 with a relational database. The company wants highly available multi-Region architecture with latency-based routing for global customers.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.

ALB in each Region with Auto Scaling groups; Aurora global database with read replicas; Route 53 latency-based routing to ALBs.

B.

ALB in each Region with Auto Scaling groups; RDS primary in one Region with read replicas in others; Route 53 failover routing to ALBs.

C.

Elastic Beanstalk with ALB in each Region; Aurora global database with read replicas; CloudFront with custom origins for ALBs; Route 53 latency-based routing to CloudFront.

D.

Elastic Beanstalk with ALB in each Region; RDS primary in one Region with read replicas; CloudFront with custom origins for ALBs; Route 53 failover routing to CloudFront.

Question 91

A company has a web application that publishes logs that contain metadata for transactions, with a status of success or failure for each log. The logs are in JSON format. The application publishes the logs to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group.

The company wants to create a dashboard that displays the number of successful transactions.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.

Create an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster and an OpenSearch Service subscription filter to send the log group data to the cluster. Create a dashboard within the Dashboards feature in the OpenSearch Service cluster by using a search query for transactions that have a status of success.

B.

Create a CloudWatch subscription filter for the log group that uses an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to parse the JSON logs and publish a custom metric to CloudWatch for transactions that have a status of success. Create a CloudWatch dashboard by using a metric graph that displays the custom metric.

C.

Create a CloudWatch metric filter for the log groups with a filter pattern that matches the transaction status property and a value of success. Create a CloudWatch dashboard by using a metric graph that displays the new metric.

D.

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream that is subscribed to the log group. Configure the data stream to filter incoming log data based on a status of success and to send the filtered logs to an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to publish a custom metric to CloudWatch. Create a CloudWatch dashboard by using a metric graph that displays the custom metric.

Question 92

A company’s web app runs on EC2 Linux instances and needs to monitor custom metrics for API response and DB query latency across instances with least overhead.

Which solution meets this?

Options:

A.

Install CloudWatch agent on instances, configure it to collect custom metrics, and instrument app to send metrics to agent.

B.

Use Amazon Managed Service for Prometheus to scrape metrics, use CloudWatch agent to forward metrics to CloudWatch.

C.

Create Lambda to poll app endpoints and DB, calculate metrics, send to CloudWatch via PutMetricData.

D.

Implement custom logging in app; use CloudWatch Logs Insights to extract and analyze metrics.

Question 93

A company has chosen AWS to host a new application. The company needs to implement a multi-account strategy. A DevOps engineer creates a new AWS account and an organization in AWS Organizations. The DevOps engineer also creates the OU structure for the organization and sets up a landing zone by using AWS Control Tower.

The DevOps engineer must implement a solution that automatically deploys resources for new accounts that users create through AWS Control Tower Account Factory. When a user creates a new account, the solution must apply AWS CloudFormation templates and SCPs that are customized for the OU or the account to automatically deploy all the resources that are attached to the account. All the OUs are enrolled in AWS Control Tower.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST automated way?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Service Catalog with AWS Control Tower. Create portfolios and products in AWS Service Catalog. Grant granular permissions to provision these resources. Deploy SCPs by using the AWS CLI and JSON documents.

B.

Deploy CloudFormation stack sets by using the required templates. Enable automatic deployment. Deploy stack instances to the required accounts. Deploy a CloudFormation stack set to the organization’s management account to deploy SCPs.

C.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect the CreateManagedAccount event. Configure AWS Service Catalog as the target to deploy resources to any new accounts. Deploy SCPs by using the AWS CLI and JSON documents.

D.

Deploy the Customizations for AWS Control Tower (CfCT) solution. Use an AWS CodeCommit repository as the source. In the repository, create a custom package that includes the CloudFormation templates and the SCP JSON documents.

Question 94

A DevOps engineer wants to find a solution to migrate an application from on premises to AWS The application is running on Linux and needs to run on specific versions of Apache Tomcat HAProxy and Varnish Cache to function properly. The application's operating system-level parameters require tuning The solution must include a way to automate the deployment of new application versions. The infrastructure should be scalable and faulty servers should be replaced automatically.

Which solution should the DevOps engineer use?

Options:

A.

Upload the application as a Docker image that contains all the necessary software to Amazon ECR Create an Amazon ECS cluster using an AWS Fargate launch type and an Auto Scaling group. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses Amazon ECR as a source and Amazon ECS as a deployment provider

B.

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with a saved configuration file to configure and install the software Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk web server tier and a load balanced-type environment that uses the Tomcat solution stack Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and Elastic Beanstalk as a deployment provider

C.

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with a set of ebextensions files to configure and install the software. Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk worker tier environment that uses the Tomcat solution stack Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and Elastic Beanstalk as a deployment provider

D.

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with an appspec.yml file to configure and install the necessary software. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment group associated with an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and CodeDeploy as a deployment provider

Question 95

A rapidly growing company wants to scale for developer demand for AWS development environments. Development environments are created manually in the AWS Management Console. The networking team uses AWS CloudFormation to manage the networking infrastructure, exporting stack output values for the Amazon VPC and all subnets. The development environments have common standards, such as Application Load Balancers, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups, security groups, and Amazon DynamoDB tables.

To keep up with demand, the DevOps engineer wants to automate the creation of development environments. Because the infrastructure required to support the application is expected to grow, there must be a way to easily update the deployed infrastructure. CloudFormation will be used to create a template for the development environments.

Which approach will meet these requirements and quickly provide consistent AWS environments for developers?

Options:

A.

Use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions in the Resources section of the template to retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values. Use CloudFormation StackSets for the development environments, using the Count input parameter to indicate the number of environments needed. Use the UpdateStackSet command to update existing development environments.

B.

Use nested stacks to define common infrastructure components. To access the exported values, use TemplateURL to reference the networking team’s template. To retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values, use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions in the Parameters section of the root template. Use the CreateChangeSet and ExecuteChangeSet commands to update existing development environments.

C.

Use nested stacks to define common infrastructure components. Use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions with the resources of the nested stack to retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values. Use the CreateChangeSet and ExecuteChangeSet commands to update existing development environments.

D.

Use Fn::ImportValue intrinsic functions in the Parameters section of the root template to retrieve Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnet values. Define the development resources in the order they need to be created in the CloudFormation nested stacks. Use the CreateChangeSet. and ExecuteChangeSet commands to update existing development environments.

Question 96

A company uses Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) for all images of the company's containerized infrastructure. The company uses the pull through cache functionality with the /external prefix to avoid throttling when the company retrieves images from external image registries. The company uses AWS Organizations for its accounts.

Every image in the registry must be encrypted with a specific, pre-provisioned AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. The company's internally created images already comply with this policy. However, cached external images use server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3).

The company must remove the noncompliant cache repositories. The company must also implement a secure solution to ensure that all new pull through cache repositories are automatically encrypted with the required KMS key.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure AWS Config. Add a custom rule that uses Guard syntax. Write the rule to enable KMS encryption for new repositories.

B.

Configure an ECR repository creation template for the prefix. Specify the KMS key. Wait for the repositories to repopulate.

C.

Configure an SCP for all AWS accounts that requires all ECR repositories to be KMS encrypted.

D.

Create a new Amazon EventBridge rule that triggers on all "ECR Pull Through Cache Action" events. Set AWS KMS as the rule target.

Question 97

A DevOps engineer has automated a web service deployment by using AWS CodePipeline with the following steps:

1) An AWS CodeBuild project compiles the deployment artifact and runs unit tests.

2) An AWS CodeDeploy deployment group deploys the web service to Amazon EC2 instances in the staging environment.

3) A CodeDeploy deployment group deploys the web service to EC2 instances in the production environment.

The quality assurance (QA) team requests permission to inspect the build artifact before the deployment to the production environment occurs. The QA team wants to run an internal penetration testing tool to conduct manual tests. The tool will be invoked by a REST API call.

Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer take to fulfill this request? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Insert a manual approval action between the test actions and deployment actions of the pipeline.

B.

Modify the buildspec.yml file for the compilation stage to require manual approval before completion.

C.

Update the CodeDeploy deployment groups so that they require manual approval to proceed.

D.

Update the pipeline to directly call the REST API for the penetration testing tool.

E.

Update the pipeline to invoke an AWS Lambda function that calls the REST API for the penetration testing tool.

Question 98

A company sends its AWS Network Firewall flow logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company then analyzes the flow logs by using Amazon Athena. The company needs to transform the flow logs and add additional data before the flow logs are delivered to the existing S3 bucket. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Create an AWS Lambda function to transform the data and to write a new object to the existing S3 bucket. Configure the Lambda function with an S3 trigger for the existing S3 bucket. Specify all object create events for the event type. Acknowledge the recursive invocation.

B.

Enable Amazon EventBridge notifications on the existing S3 bucket. Create a custom EventBridge event bus. Create an EventBridge rule that is associated with the custom event bus. Configure the rule to react to all object create events for the existing S3 bucket and to invoke an AWS Step Functions workflow. Configure a Step Functions task to transform the data and to write the data into a new S3 bucket.

C.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that is associated with the default EventBridge event bus. Configure the rule to react to all object create events for the existing S3 bucket. Define a new S3 bucket as the target for the rule. Create an EventBridge input transformation to customize the event before passing the event to the rule target.

D.

Create an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream that is configured with an AWS Lambda transformer. Specify the existing S3 bucket as the destination. Change the Network Firewall logging destination from Amazon S3 to Firehose.

Question 99

A company plans to use Amazon CloudWatch to monitor its Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to stop EC2 instances when the average of the NetworkPacketsIn metric is less than 5 for at least 3 hours in a 12-hour time window. The company must evaluate the metric every hour. The EC2 instances must continue to run if there is missing data for the NetworkPacketsIn metric during the evaluation period.

A DevOps engineer creates a CloudWatch alarm for the NetworkPacketsIn metric. The DevOps engineer configures a threshold value of 5 and an evaluation period of 1 hour.

Which set of additional actions should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 3 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as breaching the threshold. Add an AWS Systems Manager action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

B.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 3 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as not breaching the threshold. Add an EC2 action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

C.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 9 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as breaching the threshold. Add an EC2 action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

D.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 9 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as not breaching the threshold. Add an AWS Systems Manager action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Question 100

A company detects unusual login attempts in many of its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that sends a notification to the company's security team when multiple failed login attempts occur. The DevOps engineer has already created an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and has subscribed the security team to the SNS topic.

Which solution will provide the notification with the LEAST operational effort?

Options:

A.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log management events to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Create a CloudWatch Logs metric filter to match failed ConsoleLogin events. Create a CloudWatch alarm that is based on the metric filter. Configure an alarm action to send messages to the SNS topic.

B.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log management events to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Athena query that returns a failure if the query finds failed logins in the logs in the S3 bucket. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to periodically run the query. Create a second EventBridge rule to detect when the query fails and to send a message to the SNS topic.

C.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log data events to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Create a CloudWatch logs metric filter to match failed Consolel_ogin events. Create a CloudWatch alarm that is based on the metric filter. Configure an alarm action to send messages to the SNS topic.

D.

Configure AWS CloudTrail to send log data events to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an Amazon S3 event notification for the s3:ObjectCreated event type. Filter the event type by ConsoleLogin failed events. Configure the event notification to forward to the SNS topic.

Question 101

A company is using an Amazon Aurora cluster as the data store for its application. The Aurora cluster is configured with a single DB instance. The application performs read and write operations on the database by using the cluster's instance endpoint.

The company has scheduled an update to be applied to the cluster during an upcoming maintenance window. The cluster must remain available with the least possible interruption during the maintenance window.

What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Add a reader instance to the Aurora cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint for write operations. Update the Aurora cluster's reader endpoint for reads.

B.

Add a reader instance to the Aurora cluster. Create a custom ANY endpoint for the cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster's custom ANY endpoint for read and write operations.

C.

Turn on the Multi-AZ option on the Aurora cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint for write operations. Update the Aurora cluster’s reader endpoint for reads.

D.

Turn on the Multi-AZ option on the Aurora cluster. Create a custom ANY endpoint for the cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster's custom ANY endpoint for read and write operations.

Question 102

A company has a mobile application that makes HTTP API calls to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB routes requests to an AWS Lambda function. Many different versions of the application are in use at any given time, including versions that are in testing by a subset of users. The version of the application is defined in the user-agent header that is sent with all requests to the API.

After a series of recent changes to the API, the company has observed issues with the application. The company needs to gather a metric for each API operation by response code for each version of the application that is in use. A DevOps engineer has modified the Lambda function to extract the API operation name, version information from the user-agent header and response code.

Which additional set of actions should the DevOps engineer take to gather the required metrics?

Options:

A.

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

B.

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs Insights query to populate CloudWatch metrics from the log lines. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

C.

Configure the ALB access logs to write to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Modify the Lambda function to respond to the ALB with the API operation name, response code, and version number as response metadata. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

D.

Configure AWS X-Ray integration on the Lambda function. Modify the Lambda function to create an X-Ray subsegment with the API operation name, response code, and version number. Configure X-Ray insights to extract an aggregated metric for each API operation name and to publish the metric to Amazon CloudWatch. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Question 103

A company is implementing a well-architected design for its globally accessible API stack. The design needs to ensure both high reliability and fast response times for users located in North America and Europe.

The API stack contains the following three tiers:

Amazon API Gateway

AWS Lambda

Amazon DynamoDB

Which solution will meet the requirements?

Options:

A.

Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway APIs in North America and Europe using health checks. Configure the APIs to forward requests to a Lambda function in that Region. Configure the Lambda functions to retrieve and update the data in a DynamoDB table in the same Region as the Lambda function.

B.

Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway APIs in North America and Europe using latency-based routing and health checks. Configure the APIs to forward requests to a Lambda function in that Region. Configure the Lambda functions to retrieve and update the data in a DynamoDB global table.

C.

Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway in North America, create a disaster recovery API in Europe, and configure both APIs to forward requests to the Lambda functions in that Region. Retrieve the data from a DynamoDB global table. Deploy a Lambda function to check the North America API health every 5 minutes. In the event of a failure, update Route 53 to point to the disaster recovery API.

D.

Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway API in North America using latency-based routing. Configure the API to forward requests to the Lambda function in the Region nearest to the user. Configure the Lambda function to retrieve and update the data in a DynamoDB table.

Question 104

A company has its AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. AWS Config is manually configured in each AWS account. The company needs to implement a solution to centrally configure AWS Config for all accounts in the organization The solution also must record resource changes to a central account.

Which combination of actions should a DevOps engineer perform to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.

Configure a delegated administrator account for AWS Config. Enable trusted access for AWS Config in the organization.

B.

Configure a delegated administrator account for AWS Config. Create a service-linked role for AWS Config in the organization’s management account.

C.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template to create an AWS Config aggregator. Configure a CloudFormation stack set to deploy the template to all accounts in the organization.

D.

Create an AWS Config organization aggregator in the organization's management account. Configure data collection from all AWS accounts in the organization and from all AWS Regions.

E.

Create an AWS Config organization aggregator in the delegated administrator account. Configure data collection from all AWS accounts in the organization and from all AWS Regions.

Question 105

A DevOps engineer needs a resilient CI/CD pipeline that builds container images, stores them in ECR, scans images for vulnerabilities, and is resilient to outages in upstream source image repositories.

Which solution meets this?

Options:

A.

Create a private ECR repo, scan images on push, replicate images from upstream repos with a replication rule.

B.

Create a public ECR repo to cache images from upstream repos, create a private repo to store images, scan images on push.

C.

Create a public ECR repo, configure a pull-through cache rule, create a private repo to store images, enable basic scanning.

D.

Create a private ECR repo, enable basic scanning, create a pull-through cache rule.

Question 106

A company's DevOps engineer is creating an AWS Lambda function to process notifications from an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. The Lambda function will process the notification messages and will write the contents of the notification messages to an Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instance.

During testing a database administrator accidentally shut down the DB instance. While the database was down the company lost several of the SNS notification messages that were delivered during that time.

The DevOps engineer needs to prevent the loss of notification messages in the future

Which solutions will meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.

Replace the RDS Multi-AZ DB instance with an Amazon DynamoDB table.

B.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as a destination of the Lambda function.

C.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS> dead-letter queue for the SNS topic.

D.

Subscribe an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue to the SNS topic Configure the Lambda function to process messages from the SQS queue.

E.

Replace the SNS topic with an Amazon EventBridge event bus Configure an EventBridge rule on the new event bus to invoke the Lambda function for each event.

Question 107

A company recently migrated its application to an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster that uses Amazon EC2 instances. The company configured the application to automatically scale based on CPU utilization.

The application produces memory errors when it experiences heavy loads. The application also does not scale out enough to handle the increased load. The company needs to collect and analyze memory metrics for the application over time.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Attach the Cloud WatchAgentServer Pol icy managed 1AM policy to the 1AM instance profile that the cluster uses.

B.

Attach the Cloud WatchAgentServer Pol icy managed 1AM policy to a service account role for the cluster.

C.

Collect performance metrics by deploying the unified Amazon CloudWatch agent to the existing EC2 instances in the cluster. Add the agent to the AMI for any new EC2 instances that are added to the cluster.

D.

Collect performance logs by deploying the AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry collector as a DaemonSet.

E.

Analyze the pod_memory_utilization Amazon CloudWatch metric in the Containerlnsights namespace by using the Service dimension.

F.

Analyze the node_memory_utilization Amazon CloudWatch metric in the Containerlnsights namespace by using the ClusterName dimension.

Question 108

A company builds a container image in an AWS CodeBuild project by running Docker commands. After the container image is built, the CodeBuild project uploads the container image to an Amazon S3 bucket. The CodeBuild project has an IAM service role that has permissions to access the S3 bucket.

A DevOps engineer needs to replace the S3 bucket with an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository to store the container images. The

DevOps engineer creates an ECR private image repository in the same AWS Region of the CodeBuild project. The DevOps engineer adjusts the IAM service role with the permissions that are necessary to work with the new ECR repository. The DevOps engineer also places new repository information into the docker build command and the docker push command that are used in the buildspec.yml file.

When the CodeBuild project runs a build job, the job fails when the job tries to access the ECR repository.

Which solution will resolve the issue of failed access to the ECR repository?

Options:

A.

Update the buildspec.yml file to log in to the ECR repository by using the aws ecr get-login-password AWS CLI command to obtain an authentication token. Update the docker login command to use the authentication token to access the ECR repository.

B.

Add an environment variable of type SECRETS_MANAGER to the CodeBuild project. In the environment variable, include the ARN of the CodeBuild project's IAM service role. Update the buildspec.yml file to use the new environment variable to log in with the docker login command to access the ECR repository.

C.

Update the ECR repository to be a public image repository. Add an ECR repository policy that allows the IAM service role to have access.

D.

Update the buildspec.yml file to use the AWS CLI to assume the IAM service role for ECR operations. Add an ECR repository policy that allows the IAM service role to have access.

Question 109

A DevOps engineer used an AWS Cloud Formation custom resource to set up AD Connector. The AWS Lambda function ran and created AD Connector, but Cloud Formation is not transitioning from CREATE_IN_PROGRESS to CREATE_COMPLETE.

Which action should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

Options:

A.

Ensure the Lambda function code has exited successfully.

B.

Ensure the Lambda function code returns a response to the pre-signed URL.

C.

Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has cloudformation UpdateStack permissions for the stack ARN.

D.

Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has ds ConnectDirectory permissions for the AWS account.

Question 110

A company is storing 100 GB of log data in csv format in an Amazon S3 bucket SQL developers want to query this data and generate graphs to visualize it. The SQL developers also need an efficient automated way to store metadata from the csv file.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Fitter the data through AWS X-Ray to visualize the data.

B.

Filter the data through Amazon QuickSight to visualize the data.

C.

Query the data with Amazon Athena.

D.

Query the data with Amazon Redshift.

E.

Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog as the persistent metadata store.

F.

Use Amazon DynamoDB as the persistent metadata store.

Question 111

A company has a file-reading application that saves files to a database running on Amazon EC2 instances. Regulations require daily file deletions from EC2 instances and deletion of database records older than 60 days. Database record deletion must occur after file deletion. The company needs email notifications for any deletion script failures.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?

Options:

A.

Use AWS Systems Manager State Manager to automatically invoke an Automation document at the specified time daily. Configure the Automation document to run deletion scripts sequentially via run command. Create an EventBridge rule to send failure notifications to Amazon SNS.

B.

Use AWS Systems Manager State Manager to automatically invoke an Automation document at the specified time daily. Configure the Automation document to run deletion scripts sequentially. Add a conditional check for errors as the last step and send failure notifications via Amazon SES.

C.

Create an EventBridge rule to invoke a Lambda function at the specified time. Configure the Lambda function to run deletion scripts sequentially and send failure notifications via SNS.

D.

Create an EventBridge rule to invoke a Lambda function at the specified time. Configure the Lambda function to run deletion scripts sequentially and send failure notifications via SES.

Question 112

A company has application code in an AWS CodeConnections compatible Git repository. The company wants to configure unit tests to run when pull requests are opened. The company wants to ensure that the test status is visible in pull requests when the tests are completed. The company wants to save output data files that the tests generate to an Amazon S3 bucket after the tests are finished. Which combination of solutions will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

A.

Create an IAM service role to allow access to the resources that are required to run the tests.

B.

Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that has a test stage. Create a trigger to run the pipeline when pull requests are created or updated. Add a source action to report test results.

C.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project to run the tests. Enable webhook triggers to run the tests when pull requests are created or updated. Enable build status reporting to report test results.

D.

Create a buildspec.yml file that has a reports section to upload output files when the tests have finished running.

E.

Create a buildspec.yml file that has an artifacts section to upload artifacts when the tests have finished running.

F.

Create an appspec.yml file that has a files section to upload output files when the tests have finished running.

Question 113

A company runs a microservices application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Users recently reported significant delays while accessing an account summary feature, particularly during peak business hours.

A DevOps engineer used Amazon CloudWatch metrics and logs to troubleshoot the issue. The logs indicated normal CPU and memory utilization on the EKS nodes. The DevOps engineer was not able to identify where the delays occurred within the microservices architecture.

The DevOps engineer needs to increase the observability of the application to pinpoint where the delays are occurring.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.

Deploy the AWS X-Ray daemon as a DaemonSet in the EKS cluster. Use the X-Ray SDK to instrument the application code. Redeploy the application.

B.

Enable CloudWatch Container Insights for the EKS cluster. Use the Container Insights data to diagnose the delays.

C.

Create alarms based on the existing CloudWatch metrics. Set up an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to send email alerts.

D.

Increase the timeout settings in the application code for network operations to allow more time for operations to finish.

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