Passed Exam Today L4M3

There are two main types of specification: performance specification and conformance specification (sometimes called prescriptive or technical specifications).

A conformance specification establishes the characteristics a commodity must possess, including details of how the commodity will be manufactured; engineering plans, drawings, or blueprints may be included. The design specification states in prescriptive terms what the potential offeror must provide to the buyer.

Conformance specifications have following features:

- Focus on inputs

- Give specific method, processes and materials

- May identify specific manufacturers or components

- The 'how' as well as the 'what'

- Ties supplier to set details

International labour standards concern working conditions, fair pay, and human rights. Requiring certification to an ethical trading initiative (A) directly addresses these labour issues (e.g. ETI, SA8000).

The other options address mainly environmental performance (carbon footprint, ecological materials, waste).

Consideration refers to the exchange of something of value between the contracting parties and is a fundamental requirement for a valid contract. It can be in the form of goods, services, money, or a promise. Without consideration, there is no enforceable contract even if other elements like offer and acceptance are present.

A performance specification outlines the results or outputs required, rather than dictating how they should be achieved. This is ideal for innovation-focused procurement, like IT systems, as it allows suppliers to bring forward creative, technical solutions. It encourages market input and can lead to better value and performance.