MTCNA - MikroTik Training MTCNA Syllabus Exam Questions Answers

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) uses a modular architecture consisting of two main components:

LCP (Link Control Protocol): Establishes, configures, and tests the data-link connection

NCP (Network Control Protocol): Identifies and configures protocols at the Network Layer (e.g., IP, IPX)

NCP allows multiple protocols to be used over the same PPP link by negotiating and identifying the type of Layer 3 protocol.

MTCNA Course Material – PPP Components:

“NCP handles Layer 3 protocol negotiation and support. For example, IPCP (IP Control Protocol) is a type of NCP used for IP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – PPP Protocol Stack:

“PPP uses NCP to identify and configure multiple Layer 3 protocols such as IP, IPX, AppleTalk.”

Other options:

B: ISDN is a WAN access technology, not part of PPP stack

C: HDLC is a data-link layer protocol, not used for identifying Layer 3

D: LCP configures link parameters, not network layer protocols

Final Answer: AQUESTION NO: 142 [Cisco IOS – IOS Backup Procedure]

To back up an IOS, what command will you use?

A. backup IOS disk

B. copy ios tftp

C. copy tftp flash

D. copy flash tftp

Answer: D

To back up the Cisco IOS image from the router’s flash memory to an external TFTP server, the correct command is:

copy flash tftp

This command initiates a transfer from flash memory to a TFTP server and is the standard procedure for backing up IOS images.

Cisco IOS Configuration Guide – Image Backup:

“To back up your IOS image, use the command copy flash tftp and follow the prompts for file name and TFTP server IP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IOS Management:

“copy flash tftp is the correct syntax to save a router’s current IOS to a TFTP server.”

Other options:

A: Invalid syntax

B: Invalid command (copy ios does not exist)

C: copy tftp flash is for installing, not backing up

Final Answer: DQUESTION NO: 143 [IP Addressing – Subnet Calculation]

Which of the following is the valid host range for the subnet on which the IP address 192.168.168.188 255.255.255.192 resides?

A. 192.168.168.129–190

B. 192.168.168.129–191

C. 192.168.168.128–190

D. 192.168.168.128–192

Answer: B

IP address: 192.168.168.188

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.192 → /26 → Block size = 64

Subnets:

192.168.168.0/26 → 192.168.168.0 – 63

192.168.168.64/26 → 192.168.168.64 – 127

192.168.168.128/26 → 192.168.168.128 – 191 ← Contains 192.168.168.188

192.168.168.192/26 → 192.168.168.192 – 255

Valid host range = 192.168.168.129 – 190

(Broadcast = 191, Network address = 128)

MTCNA Course Material – Subnetting Practice:

“To find valid hosts, exclude the subnet and broadcast address. In /26, each block is 64 addresses.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IP Addressing:

“For /26 subnetting, calculate block size as 2^(32–26) = 64. Subnet starts at multiples of 64.”

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 144 [Wireless – IEEE 802.11 Standards]

Which WLAN IEEE specification allows up to 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz?

A. A

B. B

C. G

D. N

Answer: C

802.11g operates in the 2.4 GHz band and supports data rates up to 54 Mbps. It is backward-compatible with 802.11b and was a significant improvement in speed while maintaining wide compatibility.

MTCNA Course Material – Wireless Standards:

“802.11g operates at 2.4 GHz and supports up to 54 Mbps. It is widely used in legacy devices.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – WLAN Specifications:

“802.11g = 2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps.

802.11a = 5 GHz, 54 Mbps

802.11b = 2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps

802.11n = 2.4/5 GHz, up to 600 Mbps (MIMO)”

Option Breakdown:

A: 802.11a = 54 Mbps at 5 GHz

B: 802.11b = 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz

C: 802.11g =✔54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz

D: 802.11n = supports 2.4/5 GHz, speeds up to 600 Mbps (depending on MIMO)

fundamentals.

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PAT (Port Address Translation) is a subtype of NAT that maps multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address using different port numbers. It is the most common form of NAT used in home and business networks to allow multiple internal hosts to access the internet using one public IP address.

MTCNA Course Material – NAT Concepts:

“PAT (also known as NAT overload) allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address. It uses different port numbers to distinguish sessions.”

Cisco IOS NAT Configuration Guide:

“PAT translates multiple local IP addresses to one public IP address by assigning different port numbers to each session.”

Other options:

A: Generic term — not specific enough

B: Static NAT maps one private IP to one public IP

C: Dynamic NAT maps private IPs to a pool of public IPs, not one-to-many

Final Answer: DQUESTION NO: 149 [IPv6 – Addressing Standards]

How long is an IPv6 address?

A. 32 bits

B. 128 bytes

C. 64 bits

D. 128 bits

Answer: D

IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length, represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334). This allows for a vastly larger address space compared to IPv4 (32 bits).

MTCNA Course Material – IPv6 Basics:

“An IPv6 address is 128 bits long, providing 3.4×10^38 possible addresses. It is written in hexadecimal format.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IPv6 Addressing:

“IPv6 = 128 bits, not bytes. Address includes a 64-bit network prefix and 64-bit interface identifier.”

Other options:

A: 32 bits is IPv4

B: 128 bytes = 1024 bits — incorrect

C: 64 bits = only half of an IPv6 address

Final Answer: DQUESTION NO: 150 [IP Addressing – Subnetting]

How many usable IP addresses are there in a 23-bit (255.255.254.0) subnet?

A. 512

B. 510

C. 508

D. 254

Answer: B

A /23 subnet provides 2^9 = 512 total addresses.

Subtract 2 (network address + broadcast address)

512 – 2 = 510 usable IP addresses

MTCNA Course Material – Subnet Calculations:

“For any subnet, usable hosts = 2^(32 – subnet mask bits) – 2.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IP Subnetting:

“/23 provides 512 total addresses; usable = 510 after subtracting network and broadcast.”

Option Breakdown:

A: Total addresses (512)

B:✔Usable addresses (510)

C: Incorrect (508 is for /23 minus 4 — not relevant here)

D: 254 is usable for /24

The redirect action is only valid in the dstnat chain. It is used to redirect traffic to a service running on the router itself (e.g., redirecting HTTP to a local proxy server).

A.✘srcnat – Not compatible with redirect

B.✘forward – Redirect doesn’t apply in this chain

C.✔dstnat – This is the correct and only supported chain for action=redirect

Extract from Official MTCNA Course Material – NAT Actions:

“The redirect action is used within the dstnat chain to forward packets to the router’s local services.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – NAT Rule Actions:

“Redirect is used in dstnat chain and changes destination address to a local router IP and port.”

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Nstreme is a proprietary point-to-point wireless protocol developed by MikroTik to improve performance on long-distance wireless links. It enhances frame aggregation, reduces latency, and replaces standard 802.11 MAC timing behavior with a custom approach. Because of its specific mechanism, it imposes certain compatibility restrictions:

A. WDS between two station-wds devices is not compatible with Nstreme. This setup doesn't conform to proper AP-client architecture required by Nstreme, which operates in a master/slave role — typically ap-bridge and station.

B. Encryption (e.g., using WEP or WPA) is supported in Nstreme; however, MikroTik recommends encryption at higher layers like IPsec when performance is critical.

C. WDS between ap-bridge and station-wds is compatible with Nstreme. This is the standard pairing used when bridging two networks via wireless.

D. Bridging a station with an ap-bridge device using standard station mode (not station-wds or station-bridge) is not compatible for full Layer 2 bridging. Only station-wds or station-bridge supports bridging with ap-bridge mode.

Extract from Official MTCNA Course Material – Wireless Section:

"Nstreme is supported only between a device in ap-bridge mode and a device in station or station-wds mode. Both ends must support Nstreme. WDS is supported with station-wds and ap-bridge combinations. Encryption is supported, although optional."

Extract from Terry Combs MTCNA Notes – Nstreme Notes:

"Only ap-bridge <-> station-wds (or station-bridge in RouterOS v6+) is valid for bridging over Nstreme. Encryption like WPA2 is supported but optional."

Extract from René Meneses Study Guide – Wireless Features:

“Nstreme does not support station-station WDS. Proper implementation requires ap-bridge on one side and station-wds or station-bridge on the other. Basic encryption (WEP/WPA) is allowed.”

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