Legit Project-Planning-Design Exam Download

bottom right (vertical fins or louvers shading the window) is the most effective.

West-facing windows receive strong, low-angle afternoon sun in the summer, which is difficult to shade with horizontal overhangs because the sun's rays come in at a low angle.

Vertical shading devices (like fins or louvers) placed perpendicular to the window are most effective in blocking low-angle sunlight from the west.

The top left and top right images show horizontal shading, which works better for south-facing windows but is less effective for west exposures.

The bottom left shows multiple horizontal fins, which help but still less effective for west-facing windows compared to vertical fins.

According to NCARB ARE 5.0 PPD content on solar shading and passive solar design, vertical shading is preferred for east and west exposures to minimize summer heat gain.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

For a cantilevered beam loaded uniformly (such as a louvered sunscreen), the bending moment diagram is characterized by:

Maximum negative moment (hogging moment) at the fixed support (where the beam is anchored to the building). This is a large negative moment because the beam is fixed and resists rotation.

The moment decreases linearly to zero at the free end of the cantilever.

Diagram C shows this pattern with maximum moment at the support tapering to zero at the free end, consistent with static beam theory.

Other diagrams show positive moments or incorrect distributions.

This is a standard result taught in structural mechanics and referenced in ARE guidelines related to structural systems.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Pedestrian security depends on the design and management of the site to reduce hiding spots, increase visibility, and encourage natural surveillance:

Type of landscaping (B): Dense, tall, or thorny plants can deter access or obstruct views, while low, transparent landscaping improves visibility and security.

Number of site access points (D): More access points can increase vulnerability unless properly controlled.

Transparency of fences and barriers (E): Transparent or see-through fences improve visibility and reduce concealment areas, enhancing security.

Location of adjacent activity (F): Adjacent active uses or areas with high foot traffic provide natural surveillance, discouraging crime.

Impervious pavement (A) relates to surface permeability and drainage but not directly to security.

Parking quantity (C) impacts traffic and congestion more than pedestrian security.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems are ideal for buildings with space constraints and diverse internal loads. They provide zoned heating and cooling from a compact mechanical room and allow flexibility with open floor plans by serving multiple zones with variable refrigerant volumes.

Geothermal heat pumps (A) require larger mechanical or ground loop spaces and are less practical in tight urban footprints.

Packaged terminal air conditioners (B) serve individual rooms and require space for multiple units and wall penetrations, which may not be feasible in this context.

Hence, VRF systems balance space efficiency, energy performance, and zoning flexibility.