Google Professional-Cloud-Security-Engineer Online Access

Use Cryptographic Verification If there is a risk of IAP being turned off or bypassed, your app can check to make sure the identity information it receives is valid. This uses a third web request header added by IAP, called X-Goog-IAP-JWT-Assertion. The value of the header is a cryptographically signed object that also contains the user identity data. Your application can verify the digital signature and use the data provided in this object to be certain that it was provided by IAP without alteration.

Requirement:

Enforce the use of Customer-Managed Encryption Keys (CMEK) for all new Cloud Storage resources in the organization.

Policy Constraint:

Use the constraints/gcp.restrictNonCmekServices constraint to enforce CMEK usage.

Policy Type and Value:

Set the policy type to allow to specify which services must use CMEK.

In this case, the policy value should be storage.googleapis.com to target Cloud Storage.

Command:

Applying the organization policy with the appropriate binding ensures that all new Cloud Storage resources under the organization will require CMEK.

Steps:

Step 1: Go to the Google Cloud Console.

Step 2: Navigate to the Organization Policies page.

Step 3: Apply the policy constraint constraints/gcp.restrictNonCmekServices with the allow policy type and storage.googleapis.com as the policy value.

The problem requires automating user provisioning to a Cloud Identity security group using a service account, adhering to Google-recommended practices and the principle of least privilege.

Cloud Identity Groups and Google Workspace: Cloud Identity groups are managed as part of Google Workspace. To programmatically manage Google Workspace resources (like groups), you typically use the Admin SDK APIs.

Domain-Wide Delegation: Service accounts cannot directly authenticate to Google Workspace APIs using IAM roles. Instead, they require "domain-wide delegation" to impersonate a user with the necessary administrative privileges within Google Workspace. This allows a service account to access user data or perform administrative tasks across the domain. The correct scope for managing groups is Reference: "To allow a service account to access user data on behalf of users in a Google Workspace domain, you must delegate domain-wide authority to your service account." (Google Cloud documentation:

Extract Reference (Admin SDK Scopes): The scope is explicitly listed for "View and manage all groups on the domain." (Google Workspace Admin SDK documentation:

Application Default Credentials (ADC) with Resource-Attached Service Account: Google-recommended practices strongly advise against using service account keys directly for authentication when running on Google Cloud infrastructure. Instead, it's recommended to use Application Default Credentials (ADC) with a service account attached to the resource (e.g., a Compute Engine VM, Cloud Run service, or Cloud Functions). This method manages credentials automatically and securely, reducing the risk associated with managing and rotating keys.Extract Reference: "For most Google Cloud services, Application Default Credentials (ADC) is the recommended way to authenticate." and "When running code in a Google Cloud environment, such as Compute Engine, Cloud Run, or Cloud Functions, use the built-in service account to authenticate automatically with ADC. This is the most secure approach, as you don't need to manually create or manage service account keys." (Google Cloud documentation:

Options C and D are incorrect because granting an IAM role like "Groups Editor" in Google Cloud does not enable a service account to manage Google Workspace (Cloud Identity) group memberships; domain-wide delegation is required for that. Option A uses a service account key, which is less secure than ADC with a resource-attached service account according to Google's recommendations.

Therefore, option B is the most aligned with Google's recommended practices for securely automating group provisioning using a service account and domain-wide delegation.

Access approval Explicitly approve access to your data or configurations on Google Cloud. Access Approval requests, when combined with Access Transparency logs, can be used to audit an end-to-end chain from support ticket to access request to approval, to eventual access.