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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:Layer 7 attacks like XSS and SQL injection are application-level threats that require a Web Application Firewall (WAF) for protection. Google Cloud Armor provides this functionality, integrated with the load balancer.

Cloud Armor: Google Cloud's distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) and WAF service.

WAF Rules: Cloud Armor offers pre-configured OWASP Top 10 rules, which directly defend against XSS, SQL injection, and other common application vulnerabilities.

Deployment: Cloud Armor security policies are applied to a backend service that is behind an external HTTP(S) Load Balancer.

Extracts:

"Cloud Armor WAF capabilities help protect web applications from the OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities... This includes rulesets specifically designed to detect and mitigate SQL injection (SQLi) and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks." (Source 4.1)

"Cloud Armor security policies are implemented at the edge of the Google Cloud network, applied to the backend services of an external HTTP(S) Load Balancer." (Source 4.2)

Option A is close but incomplete; WAF rules are implemented via a security policy (Option D). Option B relies on Adaptive Protection, which is primarily for volumetric DDoS and advanced attacks, but the direct protection for known XSS/SQLi signatures comes from explicit WAF rules.

To minimize the usage of service account keys and implement Workload Identity Federation (WIF) with your on-premises identity provider, you can use a workload identity pool integrated with your corporate Active Directory Federation Service (ADFS). This setup allows your on-premises Windows-based applications to authenticate to Google Cloud APIs without using long-lived service account keys.

Set Up a Workload Identity Pool:

In the Google Cloud Console, go to IAM & Admin > Workload Identity Federation.

Create a new workload identity pool.

Configure the pool to trust your corporate ADFS by specifying the federation provider details.

Create a Workload Identity Provider:

Within the created pool, set up a new provider for ADFS.

Configure the provider with the necessary details such as the issuer URL and credentials.

Configure Impersonation Rules:

Set up rules to allow principals in the workload identity pool to impersonate specific Google Cloud service accounts.

This is done by specifying the identity provider and the conditions under which the service accounts can be impersonated.

Update Applications:

Modify your on-premises applications to use the configured ADFS authentication to obtain tokens.

These tokens can then be exchanged for Google Cloud access tokens to interact with Google Cloud APIs securely.

By setting up the workload identity pool and configuring impersonation rules, you achieve secure authentication without needing to distribute and manage service account keys.

Workload Identity Federation Documentation

Federating On-Premises Identities to Workload Identity Federation

To ensure that payment information is encrypted between the customer’s browser and Google Cloud Platform during checkout, the company should configure an SSL certificate on an L7 (Layer 7) Load Balancer. Here’s why this is the best solution:

SSL/TLS Termination: An L7 Load Balancer can handle SSL/TLS termination, which means it can decrypt HTTPS traffic, offloading the work from the backend servers. This is essential for handling encrypted connections securely.

HTTPS Configuration: By configuring an SSL certificate, the load balancer ensures that all traffic between the customer’s browser and the application is encrypted using HTTPS.

Security Best Practices: Using an L7 Load Balancer with an SSL certificate aligns with best practices for securing web applications, particularly for e-commerce sites handling sensitive payment information.

Managed Certificates: Google Cloud offers managed SSL certificates, which simplifies the process of obtaining, deploying, and renewing SSL certificates.

Implementation Steps:

Obtain an SSL certificate.

Configure the L7 Load Balancer in the GCP Console.

Associate the SSL certificate with the load balancer.

Ensure that the backend services are configured to handle HTTPS traffic.

Google Cloud Load Balancing Documentation

Setting up HTTPS Load Balancing

Assured Workloads for Google Cloud allows you to deploy regulated workloads with data residency, access, and support requirements. It helps you configure your environment in a manner that aligns with specific compliance frameworks and standards.