P1 Exam Dumps : Management Accounting

set prior to the control period and not subsequently changed in response to changes in activity period has expired

continuously updated by adding a further accounting period when the earliest accounting period has expired

changed in response to changes in the level of activity

changed in response to changes in costs

The total fixed overhead cost variance in an absorption costing system is the amount of fixed overhead that has been under- or over-absorbed in the period.

The total fixed overhead variance is made up of the fixed overhead expenditure variance, the fixed overhead efficiency variance and the fixed overhead capacity variance.

The fixed overhead volume variance can be split into the fixed overhead efficiency variance and the fixed overhead capacity variance.

The total fixed overhead cost variance in an absorption costing system is the difference between budgeted fixed overhead and actual fixed overhead incurred.

In a marginal costing operating statement reconciling budgeted contribution to actual profit only the fixed overhead expenditure variance and the fixed overhead volume variance are shown.

A purposes of budgeting is to act as a control mechanism, with actual results being compared against budget.

Another purpose of a budget is to set targets to motivate managers and optimize their performance.

The participation of managers in the budget setting process has several advantages. Managers are more likely to be motivated to achieve the target if they have participated in setting process has several advantages. managers are more likely to be motivated to achieve the target if they have participated in setting the target.

Participation in budget setting can reduce the information asymmetry gap that can arise when targets are imposed by senior management. Imposed targets are likely to make managers feel demotivated and alienated and result in poor performance.

Participation in budget setting can cause problems; in particular, managers may attempt to negotiate budgets that they feel are easy to achieve which gives rise to “budget padding” or budgetary slack.

Managers will not ‘empire build’ because they don’t believe that the size of their budget reflects their importance within the organization.