CNSP Exam Dumps : Certified Network Security Practitioner (CNSP)

The net localgroup command manages local group memberships on Windows systems, with syntax dictating its action.

Why B is correct:net localgroup Sales Sales_domain /add adds the domain group Sales_domain to the local group Sales, granting its members local group privileges. CNSP covers this for privilege escalation testing.

Why other options are incorrect:

A:Displaying users requires net localgroup Sales without /add.

C:Adding a user requires a username, not a group name like Sales_domain.

D:The reverse (local to domain) uses net group, not net localgroup.

References:CNSP "Windows Group Management" (Section on net Commands) explains net localgroup for adding domain groups.

In Unix-based systems (e.g., Linux), the ifconfig command is historically used to configure network interfaces, including changing the Media Access Control (MAC) address of an Ethernet adapter. The correct syntax to set a new MAC address for an interface like eth0 is ifconfig eth0 hw ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF, where hw specifies the hardware address type (ether for Ethernet), followed by the new MAC address in colon-separated hexadecimal format.

Why A is correct:The hw ether argument is the standard and correct syntax recognized by ifconfig to modify the MAC address. This command temporarily changes the MAC address until the system reboots or the interface is reset, assuming the user has sufficient privileges (e.g., root). CNSP documentation on network configuration and spoofing techniques validates this syntax for testing network security controls.

Why other options are incorrect:

B:hdw is not a valid argument; it’s a typographical error and unrecognized by ifconfig.

C:hdwr is similarly invalid; no such shorthand exists in the command structure.

D:hwr is incorrect; the full keyword hw followed by ether is required for proper parsing.

References:CNSP "Network Interface Configuration" (Section on MAC Address Manipulation) confirms ifconfig eth0 hw ether as the standard command, noting its use in penetration testing for spoofing scenarios.

In Linux, password hashes are stored in a secure file to protect user authentication data. The evolution of Linux security practices moved password storage from plaintext or weakly protected files to a more secure location.

Why C is correct:The /etc/shadow file is the standard location for storing password hashes in modern Linux systems. This file is readable only by the root user, enhancing security by restricting access. It contains encrypted password hashes (typically using algorithms like SHA-512), along with user details such as password expiration policies. CNSP documentation on Linux security emphasizes /etc/shadow as the authoritative source for password hashes, replacing older methods.

Why other options are incorrect:

A. /etc/passwd:Historically, /etc/passwd stored passwords in plaintext or weakly hashed forms (e.g., using DES), but modern systems use it only for user account information (e.g., UID, GID, home directory) and reference /etc/shadow for hashes.

B. /etc/password:This is not a valid file in the Linux file system; it appears to be a typographical error or misunderstanding, with no recognized role in password storage.

D. /usr/bin/shadow:/usr/bin contains executable binaries, not configuration or data files like password hashes. /etc/shadow is the correct path.

References:CNSP "Linux Authentication Mechanisms" (Section on Password Storage) details the transition to /etc/shadow for enhanced security and contrasts it with /etc/passwd.