CAP Exam Dumps : Certified AppSec Practitioner Exam

The request is a POST to /dashboard/userdata with a parameter The response is a 200 OK with an HTML page titled "Admin Panel," suggesting the server processed the request and returned content from Let’s evaluate the vulnerability:

Analysis: The useragent parameter contains a URL and the server appears to fetch content from this URL, as indicated by the response containing the "Admin Panel" page. The URL 127.0.0.1 refers to the server’s localhost, meaning the server is making an internal request to itself based on user input. This is a hallmark of Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), where an attacker can trick the server into making requests to arbitrary locations, including internal systems (e.g., 127.0.0.1) or external sites. SSRF can lead to accessing internal resources (e.g., admin panels, metadata endpoints) or performing unauthorized actions.

Option A ("HTTP Desync Attack"): HTTP Desync attacks exploit discrepancies in how front-end and back-end servers interpret HTTP requests (e.g., smuggling requests). This scenario involves a straightforward POST request with no evidence of desynchronization or smuggling, so this is incorrect.

Option B ("File Path Traversal Attack"): File Path Traversal involves manipulating file paths (e.g., ../../etc/passwd) to access unauthorized files on the server’s filesystem. The useragent parameter contains a URL, not a file path, and the response indicates a web request, not filesystem access, so this is incorrect.

Option C ("Open URL Redirection"): Open URL Redirection occurs when the server redirects the client to a user-supplied URL (e.g., via a Location header). The response here is a 200 OK, not a redirect (e.g., 302 Found), and the server is fetching content server-side, not redirecting the client, so this is incorrect.

Option D ("Server-Side Request Forgery"): Correct, as the server is making a request to based on the useragent parameter, indicating an SSRF vulnerability.

The correct answer is D, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)" and "OWASP Top 10 (A10:2021 - Server-Side Request Forgery)."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "SSRF Vulnerabilities," "Input Validation for URLs," and "OWASP SSRF Prevention Cheat Sheet" sections.

Let’s evaluate the two statements about NoSQL injection:

Statement A: NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra) are designed for scalability and flexibility, often sacrificing strict consistency for performance (e.g., eventual consistency in distributed systems). Unlike traditional SQL databases, they do not enforce rigid relational constraints, which simplifies scaling but does not eliminate the risk of injection attacks. Even without SQL syntax, NoSQL databases are vulnerable to injection if user input is not sanitized (e.g., in MongoDB, injecting $where or $ne operators). This statement is true.

Statement B: NoSQL database queries are typically written in the application’s programming language (e.g., JavaScript for MongoDB), using a custom API (e.g., MongoDB’s query API), or formatted in standards like JSON, XML, or LINQ. For example, a MongoDB query might look like db.collection.find({ "key": input }), where input is a JSON-like structure. This statement accurately describes how NoSQL queries are constructed and is true.

Option A ("A is true, and B is false"): Incorrect, as both statements are true.

Option B ("A is false, and B is true"): Incorrect, as both statements are true.

Option C ("Both A and B are false"): Incorrect, as both statements are true.

Option D ("Both A and B are true"): Correct, as both statements accurately describe NoSQL databases and their vulnerability to injection.

The correct answer is D, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "NoSQL Injection" and "Database Security."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "NoSQL Injection Vulnerabilities," "Database Query Security," and "OWASP Top 10 (A03:2021 - Injection)" sections.

GraphQL Introspection is a built-in feature of GraphQL that allows clients to query the schema of a GraphQL API at runtime. This process involves sending introspection queries (e.g., __schema or __type) to retrieve information about the API’s structure, including available types, fields, queries, mutations, and their relationships. This capability is powerful for developers to explore and document APIs but poses a security risk if left enabled in production, as attackers can use it to map out the entire API structure and identify potential attack vectors.

Option A ("A technique for testing the compatibility of the GraphQL API with other systems"): Incorrect, as introspection is about schema discovery, not compatibility testing.

Option B ("A technique for testing the performance of the GraphQL API"): Incorrect, as performance testing involves load or stress testing, not schema exploration.

Option C ("A technique for discovering the structure of the GraphQL API"): Correct, as introspection is specifically designed to expose the API’s schema and structure.

Option D ("A technique for testing the security of the GraphQL API"): Incorrect, as security testing is a separate process; introspection itself is a feature, not a security test.

The correct answer is C, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "GraphQL Security" and "API Introspection."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "GraphQL Fundamentals," "Introspection Risks," and "OWASP API Security Top 10" sections.