PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

These three options represent valid audit trails for control 5.7, as they are aligned with the control’s requirements and objectives. According to the web search results from my predefined tool, control 5.7 requires organisations to collect and analyse information relating to information security threats and use that information to take mitigation actions12. The control also specifies that threat intelligence should be relevant, perceptive, contextual, and actionable, and that it should be used to prevent, detect, or respond to threats34. Therefore, the auditor should verify how the organisation collects, analyses, and produces threat intelligence, how it uses threat intelligence to protect its information assets, and how it monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of its threat intelligence arrangements. The other options are not valid audit trails, as they are either irrelevant, incorrect, or incomplete. For example:

•The task of producing threat intelligence is not assigned to the organisation’s internal audit team, but to the person or team responsible for the ISMS, such as the information security manager or the information security committee5 .

•The organisation’s risk assessment process does not begin with effective threat intelligence, but with the identification of the context, scope, and objectives of the ISMS . Threat intelligence is an input for the risk identification and analysis, but not the starting point of the risk assessment process.

•Speaking to top management to make sure all staff are aware of the importance of reporting threats is not sufficient to audit the control, as it does not address how the organisation collects, analyses, and produces threat intelligence, nor how it uses it to take mitigation actions. The auditor should also speak to the staff involved in the threat intelligence process, and review the relevant documents and records.

•Checking that the organisation has a fully documented threat intelligence process is not enough to audit the control, as it does not verify the implementation and effectiveness of the process. The auditor should also observe the process in action, and examine the outputs and outcomes of the process.

•Determining whether internal and external sources of information are used in the production of threat intelligence is a partial audit trail, as it only covers one aspect of the control. The auditor should also assess the quality, reliability, and relevance of the sources, and how the information is analysed and used.

ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.2 (Nonconformity and corrective action):

When a nonconformity occurs, the organization shall … take action to control and correct it, and deal with the consequences; evaluate the need for action to eliminate the cause(s) of the nonconformity, in order that it does not recur or occur elsewhere; implement any action needed; review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken.

The auditor’s responsibility is to verify effectiveness of corrective actions. This means the auditor must look for evidence of change that actually addresses the root cause and prevents recurrence — not just temporary fixes, promises, or documentation.

Let’s analyse the distractors:

A. Incorrect — corrective action should not allow recurrence.

B. Incorrect — refers to preventive action, which ISO 27001:2022 no longer uses as a separate concept; instead, it is integrated into risk management.

C. Weak — merely “reducing probability” is not sufficient; ISO 27001 requires elimination of causes to prevent recurrence.

D. Incorrect — “assurance from the auditee” is not acceptable evidence; auditors need objective evidence, not verbal commitment.

E. Incorrect — “comfort” is not an audit principle; ISO 19011 requires objective evidence.

F. Correct — aligns directly with ISO 27001 clause 10.2: “review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken … so that nonconformity does not recur.”

Thus, the correct nonconformity statement is:

“When reviewing the effectiveness of action taken in response to a nonconformity, an auditor seeks evidence of change that will prevent recurrence of the issue.”

The audit team identified control risk, making option B the correct answer. Control risk refers to the risk that an organization’s internal controls will fail to prevent, detect, or correct a material issue or security weakness. In the scenario, the audit team identified a lack of oversight in the firewall configuration review process, where changes were implemented without proper approval. This clearly indicates a weakness in internal control mechanisms.

Firewall configuration management is a key security control area. The absence of proper approval and review processes increases the likelihood that unauthorized or insecure changes could be introduced, exposing the organization to vulnerabilities. This does not represent inherent risk, which relates to risks arising naturally from the nature of the business or environment. Instead, it highlights a failure in the design or operation of controls intended to manage those risks.

Option C is incorrect because detection risk relates to the possibility that auditors fail to identify existing issues during the audit. In this case, the auditors successfully identified the weakness, so detection risk is not applicable. Option A is incorrect because the issue does not stem from the inherent nature of CyberShielding’s operations but from inadequate control oversight.

Therefore, the identified issue is best classified as control risk, as it reflects deficiencies in internal control effectiveness within the ISMS.