PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

Scenario 5

CyberShielding Systems Inc. provides security services spanning the entire information technology infrastructure. It provides cybersecurity software, including endpoint security, firewalls, and antivirus software. CyberShielding Systems Inc. has helped various companies secure their networks for two decades through advanced products and services. Having achieved a reputation in the information and network security sector, CyberShielding Systems Inc. decided to implement a security information management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 and obtain a certification to better secure its internal and customer assets and gain a competitive advantage.

The certification body initiated the process by selecting the audit team for CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s ISO/IEC 27001 certification. They provided the company with the name and background information of each audit member. However, upon review, CyberShielding Systems Inc. discovered that one of the auditors did not hold the security clearance required by them. Consequently, the company objected to the appointment of this auditor. Upon review, the certification body replaced the auditor in response to CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s objection.

As part of the audit process, CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s approach to risk and opportunity determination was assessed as a standalone activity. This involved examining the organization’s methods for identifying and managing risks and opportunities. The audit team’s core objectives encompassed providing assurance on the effectiveness of CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s risk and opportunity identification mechanisms and reviewing the organization's strategies for addressing these determined risks and opportunities. During this, the audit team also identified a risk due to a lack of oversight in the firewall configuration review process, where changes were implemented without proper approval, potentially exposing the company to vulnerabilities. This finding highlighted the need for stronger internal controls to prevent such issues.

The audit team accessed process descriptions and organizational charts to understand the main business processes and controls. They performed a limited analysis of the IT risks and controls because their access to the IT infrastructure and applications was limited by third-party service provider restrictions. However, the audit team stated that the risk of a significant defect occurring in CyberShielding’s ISMS was low since most of the company's processes were automated. They therefore evaluated that the ISMS, as a whole, conforms to the standard requirements by questioning CyberShielding representatives on IT responsibilities, control effectiveness, and anti-malware measures. CyberShielding’s representatives provided sufficient and appropriate evidence to address all these questions.

Despite the agreement signed before the audit, which outlined the audit scope, criteria, and objectives, the audit was primarily focused on assessing conformity with established criteria and ensuring compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements.

Question

Did the certification body have a valid reason to accept CyberShielding Systems Inc.’s objection to the appointed auditor for their ISO/IEC 27001 certification audit?

Scenario:

Northstorm is an online retail shop offering unique vintage and modern accessories. It initially entered a small market but gradually grew thanks to the development of the overall e-commerce landscape. Northstorm works exclusively online and ensures efficient payment processing, inventory management, marketing tools, and shipment orders. It uses prioritized ordering to receive, restock, and ship its most popular products.

Northstorm has traditionally managed its IT operations by hosting its website and maintaining full control over its infrastructure, including hardware, software, and data administration. However, this approach hindered its growth due to the lack of responsive infrastructure. Seeking to enhance its e-commerce and payment systems, Northstorm opted to expand its in-house data centers, completing the expansion in two phases over three months. Initially, the company upgraded its core servers, point-of-sale, ordering, billing, database, and backup systems. The second phase involved improving mail, payment, and network functionalities. Additionally, during this phase, Northstorm adopted an international standard for personally identifiable information (PII) controllers and PII processors regarding PII processing to ensure its data handling practices were secure and compliant with global regulations.

Despite the expansion, Northstorm's upgraded data centers failed to meet its evolving business demands. This inadequacy led to several new challenges, including issues with order prioritization. Customers reported not receiving priority orders, and the company struggled with responsiveness. This was largely due to the main server's inability to process orders from YouDecide, an application designed to prioritize orders and simulate customer interactions. The application, reliant on advanced algorithms, was incompatible with the new operating system (OS) installed during the upgrade.

Faced with urgent compatibility issues, Northstorm quickly patched the application without proper validation, leading to the installation of a compromised version. This security lapse resulted in the main server being affected and the company's website going offline for a week. Recognizing the need for a more reliable solution, the company decided to outsource its website hosting to an e-commerce provider. The company signed a confidentiality agreement concerning product ownership and conducted a thorough review of user access rights to enhance security before transitioning.

Question:

Based on Scenario 1, which international standard did Northstorm adopt during the second phase of expansion?

Scenario 2: Knight is an electronics company from Northern California, US that develops video game consoles. Knight has more than 300 employees worldwide. On the

fifth anniversary of their establishment, they have decided to deliver the G-Console, a new generation video game console aimed for worldwide markets. G-Console is

considered to be the ultimate media machine of 2021 which will give the best gaming experience to players. The console pack will include a pair of VR headset, two

games, and other gifts.

Over the years, the company has developed a good reputation by showing integrity, honesty, and respect toward their customers. This good reputation is one of the

reasons why most passionate gamers aim to have Knight's G-console as soon as it is released in the market. Besides being a very customer-oriented company, Knight

also gained wide recognition within the gaming industry because of the developing quality. Their prices are a bit higher than the reasonable standards allow.

Nonetheless, that is not considered an issue for most loyal customers of Knight, as their quality is top-notch.

Being one of the top video game console developers in the world, Knight is also often the center of attention for malicious activities. The company has had an

operational ISMS for over a year. The ISMS scope includes all departments of Knight, except Finance and HR departments.

Recently, a number of Knight's files containing proprietary information were leaked by hackers. Knight's incident response team (IRT) immediately started to analyze

every part of the system and the details of the incident.

The IRT's first suspicion was that Knight's employees used weak passwords and consequently were easily cracked by hackers who gained unauthorized access to their

accounts. However, after carefully investigating the incident, the IRT determined that hackers accessed accounts by capturing the file transfer protocol (FTP) traffic.

FTP is a network protocol for transferring files between accounts. It uses clear text passwords for authentication.

Following the impact of this information security incident and with IRT's suggestion, Knight decided to replace the FTP with Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, so anyone

capturing the traffic can only see encrypted data.

Following these changes, Knight conducted a risk assessment to verify that the implementation of controls had minimized the risk of similar incidents. The results of

the process were approved by the ISMS project manager who claimed that the level of risk after the implementation of new controls was in accordance with the

company's risk acceptance levels.

Based on this scenario, answer the following question:

FTP uses clear text passwords for authentication. This is an FTP: