Cisco 350-401 Dumps

 HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) uses a virtual MAC address for each group of routers participating in the protocol. The default virtual MAC address format for HSRP is 0000.0C07.ACxy, where xy is the HSRP group number in hexadecimal. For group 16, the hexadecimal equivalent is 10, resulting in the virtual MAC address 00:00:0c:07:ac:101.

References: Cisco’s official documentation on HSRP.

YANG data models are designed to define the structure of network configuration and state data. They include:

rpc statements: These define remote procedure calls that can be invoked on network elements via management protocols like NETCONF.

container statements: These define hierarchically structured containers of data, which can hold other data elements such as leafs, lists, and additional containers.

YANG is a modular language that represents data structures in an XML tree format, and it is protocol-independent, meaning it can be converted into any encoding format like XML or JSON that the network configuration protocol supports. It also allows for the use of XPATH expressions to define constraints on the elements of a YANG data model.

Type 1 hypervisors run directly on the host’s hardware to control the hardware and to manage guest operating systems. A major benefit of Type 1 hypervisors is that they allow operators toleverage orchestrators to manage workloads that run on multiple Type 1 hypervisors, providing efficient and centralized management of virtualized environments.

Access Points (APs) use the Domain Name System (DNS) to discover and join High Availability (HA) controllers. When an AP boots up, it queries the DNS server for the service record (SRV) of the controller. The DNS server responds with the IP address of the HA controllers, allowing the AP to initiate a join process. This method is particularly useful in large networks where manually configuring each AP with controller information is impractical.

 The keepalive command in Cisco IOS is used to detect failures on network interfaces by sending keepalive packets at set intervals. If acknowledgments are not received for a certain number of retries, the interface is considered down. The commands shown in the exhibit set the keepalive interval to 6 seconds and the number of retries to 3 for both BR (Branch Router) and HQ (Headquarters) tunnel interfaces. This means that a keepalive packet is sent every 6 seconds, and if no acknowledgment is received after 3 retries, the tunnel interface will be considered down. However, the verified answer is C, which indicates a discrepancy between the exhibit and the provided options. It’s possible that there is a typo in the options or the exhibit. The correct effect of the commands as per the exhibit should be that the keepalives are sent every 6 seconds with 3 retries.

References:

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR)

Cisco official documentation for keepalive command

 EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to calculate the shortest path to each network and allows for unequal cost load balancing with the variance command. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), on the other hand, uses the Dijkstra algorithm to build a shortest-path tree for each route and does not support unequal cost load balancing by default. References: The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) source book would contain more information on the differences between EIGRP and OSPF, including their algorithms and load balancing capabilities.

Graphical user interface, text, application Description automatically generated

 In a Cisco SD-Access solution, the control-plane node’s function is to operate a mapping system that manages the relationships between endpoints and network devices. This involves maintaining a database of all endpoints connected to the network, including their location, identity, and network access policies. The control-plane node is crucial for ensuring that endpoints can be correctly located and communicated with across the network, facilitating efficient routing and policy enforcement.

 When reconfiguring an access port to a trunk, the error shown in SW1’s log indicates that there is a mismatch in the allowed VLANs on the trunk. To resolve this error, the allowed VLANs on both sides of the port-channel must be consistent. Option C is the correct command set becauseit specifies the allowed VLANs on the trunk to include VLANs 10 and 20, which must match on both switches to form a successful trunk link.

 A JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The JWT consists of three parts separated by dots (.), which are:

Header: The header typically consists of two parts: the type of the token, which is JWT, and the signing algorithm being used, such as HMAC SHA256 or RSA.

Payload: The payload contains the claims. Claims are statements about an entity (typically, the user) and additional data. There are three types of claims: registered, public, and private claims.

Signature: To create the signature part you have to take the encoded header, the encoded payload, a secret, the algorithm specified in the header, and sign that.

The RIB (Routing Information Base) is essentially the routing table that contains all the routes learned by a router, including directly connected networks, static routes, and routes learned through dynamic routing protocols. The FIB (Forwarding Information Base), also known as the forwarding table, is derived from the RIB and contains only the best routes that are used to forward packets. The FIB is optimized for fast packet forwarding and is what the router’s data plane uses to make forwarding decisions.

In the NTP (Network Time Protocol) hierarchy, a stratum level defines the distance from the reference clock. A Stratum 0 device is a high-precision timekeeping device such as an atomic clock or GPS clock that is not directly connected to the network. A Stratum 1 server is directly connected to the Stratum 0 device and serves time to lower-stratum servers on the network. Therefore, a server that is connected directly to an authoritative time source is considered a Stratum 1 server. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.1

The issue with the BGP adjacency between R1 and R2 failing to establish is likely due to a mismatch in the Autonomous System (AS) numbers configured for the BGP session. In BGP, both routers need to have the correct remote AS number configured to form an adjacency. If R1 has the wrong remote AS number for R2, changing it to the correct one (which is 6500 in this case) will resolve the issue.

Cisco DNA Center integrates with the Identity Services Engine (ISE) to obtain contextual details about clients on the network. ISE serves as a centralized user identity management system that allows for secure access and control of users and devices accessing the network. It provides detailed information such as username, device type, and connection details which Cisco DNA Center uses for enhanced visibility and troubleshooting.

The requirement is to use a reliable protocol, which implies the use of TCP rather than UDP because TCP provides delivery acknowledgment ensuring the logs are received by the syslog server. Additionally, the configuration must not use well-known ports, which are those below 1024. Therefore, the correct configuration is to use a non-well-known port such as 1024, and specify TCP as the transport protocol.

The Cisco DNA Center application responsible for group-based access control permissions is the Policy application. This application allows network administrators to define and enforce security policies across the network. It provides micro-level segmentation, enabling control over the types of network traffic permitted or denied between different groups, such as engineering and HR. The Policy application simplifies policy management by applying security groups to all virtual networks and providing a clear view of the overall policy structure.

References := Cisco DNA Center User Guide

A virtual machine (VM) is an emulation of a computer system that provides the functionality of a physical computer. To run a VM, you need a hypervisor, which is software that creates and runs virtual machines. The hypervisor sits between the hardware and the VM and allocates physical resources such as CPU, memory, and storage to the VM. There are two types of hypervisors:

Type 1 hypervisor: Also known as a bare-metal hypervisor, it runs directly on the host’s hardware to control the hardware and to manage guest operating systems. Examples include VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, and Xen.

Type 2 hypervisor: Also known as a hosted hypervisor, it runs on a conventional operating system just like other computer programs. Examples include VMware Workstation and Oracle VirtualBox.

While a Type 1 hypervisor does not require a host operating system, a Type 2 hypervisor does. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as a hypervisor (either Type 1 or Type 2) and physical server hardware are required to run a VM.

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) allows for the automatic assignment of available IP routers to participating hosts. In this case, the output shows that R1 has a higher priority set (110) over the default priority (which is typically 100), making it the primary router for VRRP group 1 as long as it has the IP address 10.10.1.1/32 in its routing table, which would make it reachable according to the ‘track’ statement configuration.

Multicast Rendezvous Points (RPs) are essential components in Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM). They act as a meeting place for sources and receivers of multicast traffic. By default, RPs are required to periodically maintain sessions with sources and receivers to facilitate the joining of multicast groups and the forwarding of multicast traffic.

In a Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) deployment, map-register messages are sent from ingress tunnel routers (ITRs) to map servers. The purpose of these messages is for ITRs to register their local EID-to-RLOC mappings with the map server, which then propagates this information to map resolvers so that they can direct traffic to the appropriate egress tunnel router (ETR). References: Cisco’s official training materials on LISP as part of the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies curriculum.

 The command ‘show netconf | section rpc-reply’ is used to filter the output of the ‘show netconf’ command to display only the sections that include ‘rpc-reply’. This is useful for verifying NETCONF capability reply messages because it allows administrators to focus on the specific part of the NETCONF messages where reply elements are present, which confirms the capabilities of a NETCONF server. References: The explanation provided is based on knowledge from Cisco’s documentation and training materials related to Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR).

In a three-tier hierarchical campus network design, the core layer should provide high-speed, reliable backbone connectivity and fast convergence. Redundant Layer 3 point-to-point links between core devices ensure that there is no single point of failure and that the network can quickly adapt to changes, maintaining service availability and performance. References: Cisco’s Design Best Practices for Enterprise Networks (as part of Cisco’s CCDA certification)

To create a new SSID on a Cisco 9800 wireless LAN controller with a pre-shared key for authentication, the engineer must edit the WLAN profile. The WLAN profile contains settings related to SSIDs, security parameters including authentication methods, and other wireless settings1.

l

To configure AAA for central web authentication on a Cisco 9800 WLC, you typically need to define the RADIUS server and create an authorization method list. The RADIUS server holds the authentication and authorization policies, while the method list specifies the sequence of methods to be used for authorization.

Graphical user interface Description automatically generated

To minimize the possibility of typing commands incorrectly during routing debugs, the network administrator can configure the logging synchronous global configuration command and the logging synchronous command under the vty. These actions help manage the logging output on the terminal, preventing it from interrupting the command typing process3. References: Cisco exam emulator

The correct JSON syntax derived from the data would be the one that accurately represents the structure and data types as defined in the exhibit. In the context of the SPCOR course, JSON syntax is used to represent network configuration and state information in a structured, text-based format. It is important for the JSON to be correctly formatted with proper key-value pairs, arrays, and nested objects as required.

References := The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course

 In Cisco IOS, the Embedded Event Manager (EEM) applet can be used to monitor events and take action when a specified event occurs. To send a syslog message, the correct command within an EEM applet is action syslog msg "". This command will trigger a syslog message with the specified text when the applet conditions are met. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.0 - EEM documentation.

 In BGP, when implementing a route map for redistribution, it is important to ensure that all desired routes are matched and allowed as needed. By including a permit statement as the last entry of the route map, you ensure that any routes that have not been matched by earlier statements will be permitted by default. This is because route maps have an implicit deny at theend, so without a final permit statement, unmatched routes would be denied. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.1

A picture containing diagram Description automatically generated

PIM-DM supports only source trees – that is, (S,G) entries–and cannot be used to build a shared distribution tree.

The failure of BGP peering between router CORP and ISP#2 is due to a password mismatch. BGP peering requires both routers to have matching passwords if password authentication is configured. If the passwords do not match, the BGP session will not be established, and the routers will not exchange routes.

An AP may join a different WLC than the one specified through option 43 if it has been primed to join another WLC. Priming is the process of pre-configuring an AP with specific WLC details, such as the IP address, so that when the AP boots up, it knows which controller to join. If an AP is primed to a specific WLC, it will ignoreDHCP option 43 and attempt to join the primed WLC. References: Cisco Community, Cisco Community, Cisco Documentation

The feature that allows legacy clients to connect to a WLAN with fast transition enabled, while still permitting other clients to use fast transition based on their OLTIs, is known as adaptive R. This feature enables the WLAN to support both Fast Transition (FT) and non-FT clients by setting the Fast Transition mode to Enabled and selecting both an FT and non-FT Authenticated Key Management (AKM), such as PSK and FT-PSK. This configuration allows non-FT devices to connect without FT, while FT-compatible devices can utilize FT for faster roaming.

 In a Cisco SD-Access solution, an extended node connects to a single edge node using the 802.1Q protocol. This protocol allows for the transmission of traffic from multiple VLANs over a single link, which is essential for the extended node to communicate with the fabric edge node.The 802.1Q trunking protocol encapsulates Ethernet frames with a VLAN tag, enabling the frames to be properly routed through the fabric and maintaining the segregation of traffic between different VLANs.

The output confirms that the device’s HSRP group is using the virtual IP address 10.0.3.242, which is indicated by the line “Virtual IP address is 10.0.3.242”. This confirms option B.

Additionally, the device is configured with the default HSRP priority, which is 100 as shown in the line “Priority 100 (cfgd 100)”. Since this matches the default priority value for HSRP, it confirms option E.

 During the CAPWAP discovery and join process, when multiple WLCs respond to the “CISCO_CAPWAP-CONTROLLER.localdomain” hostname, the Lightweight Access Point (LAP) sends a unicast discovery request to each WLC. This allows the LAP to receive information from all responding WLCs, including the number of joined access points, which helps the LAP to choose which controller it will join based on the traffic formation presented to it. References := Cisco Community discussion on AP discovery and join process, Exam-Answer on CAPWAP Discovery and Join Process

The correct command set to change the neighbor state from Idle (Admin) to Active is found in Option C. In the context of Cisco Service Provider network core technologies, the Idle (Admin) state indicates that the BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) neighbor is administratively down. To bring it up, the no neighbor shutdown command is used, which removes the administrative shutdown on the specified BGP neighbor, allowing the BGP state to transition to Active. The Active state is where BGP is trying to establish a peering session with the specified neighbor. References: The explanation is based on the concepts covered in the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) source book, which provides detailed information on BGP operations and configurations within Service Provider networks

When the command monitor session 1 destination remote vlan 223 is added to the configuration, it replaces the existing RSPAN VLAN destination with VLAN 223. This is because a monitor session can only have one remote VLAN destination at a time. If there was already a destination configured, such as VLAN 222 in this case, it would be overridden by the new command specifying VLAN 223. References: Cisco’s official training and certification resources on Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR).

 Cisco next-generation firewalls offer a range of advanced features that are not found in traditional firewalls. One such feature is malware protection, which is part of Cisco’s Advanced Malware Protection (AMP). AMP provides comprehensive protection against advanced threats by using global threat intelligence, advanced sandboxing, and real-time malware blocking to detect and stop threats. Traditional firewalls typically do not include these advanced malware protection capabilities. References := Cisco ASA 5500 and ASA 5500-X Series Next Generation Firewalls

A VPN in a Cisco SD-WAN deployment refers to a virtualized environment that provides traffic isolation and segmentation within the SD-WAN fabric. This allows for the creation of secure, encrypted tunnels across the network, ensuring that data traffic is kept separate and secure from other network traffic. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR)

To enable HTTPS access to a core switch and install a certificate signed by the corporate certificate authority, a network engineer needs to generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) from the switch. The CSR contains information that will be included in the certificate such as the organization name, common name (domain name), locality, and country. It also contains the public key that will be included in the certificate. The command sequence typically involves enteringglobal configuration mode on the switch, generating cryptographic keys (if they have not been generated already), and then creating the CSR.

The correct commands to issue a Certificate Signing Request from a Cisco device would involve first creating an RSA key pair which will be used for HTTPS server authentication and then requesting the certificate with specific parameters.

A picture containing diagram Description automatically generated

In Cisco routers, to allow traffic from a specific source to a specific destination on a particular port, the access control list (ACL) needs to specify the source IP address, the destination IP address, and the destination port number that needs to be accessed. Since PC-1 with IP address172.16.0.2 is trying to access the web server on port 8080 at IP address 192.168.0.5, the ACL applied inbound on SW2’s G0/0 interface should permit traffic from PC-1 to reach the web server’s specific port. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) training materials.

A secondary Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) is responsible for registering Lightweight Access Points (LAPs) in the event that the primary controller fails. This ensures that there is no interruption in service for the wireless clients. The secondary WLC acts as a backup, taking over the management of the LAPs and maintaining network stability and connectivity. References: The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course material covers the roles and responsibilities of primary and secondary WLCs in a wireless network infrastructure1.

A picture containing diagram Description automatically generated

 Cisco DNA Center allows management of non-Cisco devices through southbound protocols by creating device packs using an SDK (Software Development Kit). This enables the DNA Center to discover network devices from different vendors and manage their configurations effectively. The device packs act like device drivers for network devices, allowing DNA Center to attach and discover the device. Cisco has developed an SDK so that packs for other devices can be developed, which HCL used to demonstrate the end-to-end management capabilities of their service1. References := DNA Center Rapidly On-boards non-Cisco Devices - Cisco Community

To force traffic through a specific path, one can manipulate routing policies and attributes. In the context of BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), the local preference attribute is used to prefer an outbound path from a local AS (Autonomous System). The higher the local preference value, the more preferred the route is. In this scenario, setting a higher local preference on R1 for routes received from R3 will make R1 prefer R3 as the next hop over R2 for reaching network 172.16.10.0/24.

References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.1

 The NETCONF protocol is used for installing, manipulating, and deleting the configuration of network devices through a network. To secure NETCONF access to a device, an Access Control List (ACL) can be applied which restricts the IP addresses that are allowed to establish NETCONF sessions with the device. If after configuring NETCONF on a device, the ‘show running-config’ command does not produce any output, it could indicate that an ACL is blocking access. The command ‘no netconf ssh acl 1’ would remove such restrictions if ACL number 1 was previously applied to NETCONF SSH sessions. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.0 - Configuring and Verifying Netconf/Yang

Solution:

SW20

Conf t

Spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

No int po10

No shut

exit

Int e0/0

No switchport mode access

Copy run start

Verification:

Solution:

SW10

Conf t

Default int e0/0

Int e0/0

No sh

Conf t

Copy run start

Verification from PC2

Show etherchannel summary

OR

Solution:-

wr

Solution:

R10

Copy run start

R20

Copy run start

Verification:

SOLUTION: -

SW10

Conf t

Default int e0/0

Int e0/0

No sh

Switchport trunk encap dot1q

Switchport mode trunk

Udld port aggressive

Switchport trunk allowed vlan add 300

No sh

Ex

OR

R22

int tun0

vrf forwarding FINANCE

ip add 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0

tunn source e0/0

tunnel dest 209.165.200.230

no shut

ip route vrf FINANCE 10.10.111.0 255.255.255.0 tunn0

int et0/1

vrf forwarding FINANCE

ip address 10.22.22.1 255.255.255.252

wr

Verification:-

OR

router bgp 10

bgp router-id 10.1.1.111

no bgp defa ipv4-unicast

nei 209.165.200.226 remote-as 20

nei 209.165.202.130 remote-as 30

address-family ipv4

neigh 209.165.200.226 activate

neigh 209.165.202.130 activate

network 10.1.1.10 mask 255.255.255.255

network 209.165.201.10 mask 255.255.255.255

network 209.165.201.20 mask 255.255.255.255

wr

Solution:-

Copy run start

R1

config

flow exporter Export-NetFlowENCOR

transport udp 2055

ip sla schedule 100 life forever start-time now

wr

Sw1

monitor session 11 source interface e0/2

monitor session 11 destination interface et1/1

wr

OR

OR

R2

R3

R3

Config#int et0/1

config-if#ip ospf priority 255

wr

R20

clear ip ospf process

yes

R10

int et0/0

ip ospf priority 0

wr

R2

clear ip ospf process

yes

Solution on R1:

R1# copy run start

Verification:

OR

Solution:

Copy run start

Copy run start

Copy run start

Verification:-

OR

Solution:-

Default int range et0/0-1

Int range e0/0 – 1

Sw trunk encap dot1

Switch mode trunk

Channel-group 2 mode passive

No shut

Spanning-tree vlan 10 priority 0

Spanning-tree vlan 30 priority 0

Solution:

R3

Int e0/1

Ip ospf priority 255

End

Copy run start

R2

Int e0/1

Ip ospf network point-to-point

End

Copy run start

R10

Int e0/0

Ip ospf network point-to-point

End

Copy run start

OR

R1

en

Conf t

Router ospf 10

Router-id 10.x.x.x – lo0 address

Int range lo0, e0/0-1

Ip ospf 10 area 0

Exit

wr

R2

Router ospf 10

Area 10 range 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0

exit

wr

R3

Router ospf 10

Area 10 range 10.2.0.0 255.255.0.0

Exit

Wr

OR

Solution:

Copy run start

Verification:

OR

R2

config t

username NetworkAdmin privilege 15 password CiscoENCOR

line vty 0 4

login local

transport input telnet rlogin

exec-timeout 1200 0

Answer: See the solution below in Explanation.

R1

router bgp 10

no bgp default ipv4-unicast

bgp router-id 10.1.1.111

neigh 209.165.200.226 remote-as 20

neigh 209.165.202.130 remote-as 30

address-family ipv4

network 10.1.1.10 mask 255.255.255.255

network 209.165.201.20 mask 255.255.255.255

network 209.165.201.10 mask 255.255.255.255

neigh 209.165.200.226 activate

neigh 209.165.202.130 activate

wr

Solution:

Copy run start

Verification:

OR

VERIFICATION: -

OR

SOLUTION: -

VERIFICATION: -

OR

Solution: -

Easy as per above configurations you can get it done anyway they change it.

Solution:

SW10

Int ran e02/-3

Channel-group 10 mode active

Verification:

The configuration ‘aaa authorization exec default local’ allows an engineer to set up command authorization, which permits users to execute specific configuration commands based on the user’s credentials stored in the router’s local database. This ensures that only authorized users can make changes to the router’s configuration.

References: Cisco Router Configuration guides5.

An OSPF virtual link is used for two primary purposes:

Linking an area that does not have a physical connection to the backbone (Area 0): In cases where it is not possible to have a direct physical connection to the backbone area (Area 0), a virtual link allows an OSPF router in a non-backbone area to connect to the backbone through a transit area. This transit area must have full routing information and cannot be a stub area.

Patching the backbone in case of discontinuity of Area 0: If there is a partitioned backbone (Area 0) due to network changes or other reasons, a virtual link can be used to connect the two parts of the partitioned backbone through a non-backbone area.

In summary, an OSPF virtual link helps maintain connectivity between areas when physical connections are not feasible or when the backbone itself is partitioned12345.

References:

Cisco Support: Configure OSPF Connection in a Virtual Link Environment

Network Engineering Stack Exchange: Other Uses of OSPF Virtual-Link

CiscoZine: OSPF Virtual Link

Orhan Ergun: OSPF Virtual Link

Cisco: Understand OSPF Areas and Virtual Links

 Cisco TrustSec benefits include consistent network segmentation, which is achieved by grouping devices into Security Group Tags (SGTs) and simplifying the management of network access by enforcing security policies based on SGTs.

This approach involves isolating the problem to a specific component or area, which in this case is the connectivity to the default gateway and DNS server. By testing these individual elements, the technician can determine if the issue lies within the local network or if it’s related to external factors such as DNS resolution. References: The concept of divide-and-conquer is a fundamental troubleshooting methodology discussed in the context of network troubleshooting in the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course1.

 The JSON script in Option D is properly formatted. A well-structured JSON script should have key-value pairs enclosed within curly braces {}, with keys and values as strings in double quotes "". Each key-value pair should be separated by a comma ,, except for the last pair in an object or array. The JSON script in Option D adheres to these formatting rules, making it the correct choice.

 In a Cisco Mobility Express deployment, the wireless LAN controller functionality is integrated within the access point itself. This allows the access point to manage other access points in the network and provide the necessary wireless LAN controller services without requiring a separate physical or cloud-based controller.

R1

Router ospf 1

Int loop0

Ip ospf 1 area 0

Int et0/0

Ip ospf 1 area 0

Ip ospf network point-to-point

Copy run start

R2

Router ospf 1

Int loop0

Ip ospf 1 area 0

Int et0/0

Ip ospf 1 area 0

Ip ospf network point-to-point

Copy run start

Verification:-

The code snippet modifies a Python list by changing the fourth element (index 3) from 4 to 10. Therefore, the final list is [1, 2, 10, 4].

 In a Cisco SD-Access Fabric wired network, when designing an OTT wireless solution with centrally switched traffic, the access points must be registered in Fabric mode. This mode integrates wireless access into the SD-Access fabric, allowing for the benefits of fabric and Cisco DNA Center automation456. References := Cisco’s SD-Access Wireless Design and Deployment Guide, and other Cisco documentation on SD-Access and wireless integration

To validate that an IP SLA configuration matches the traffic between the branch office and the central site, the command R1# show ip sla statistics is used. This command provides details on the IP SLA operations and their statistics, which include the latest return code and over thresholds occurrences, thus confirming whether the IP SLA operations are being executed as configured and if they match the expected traffic patterns.

References: The Cisco documentation on IP SLA commands provides information on how to use the show ip sla statistics command to verify IP SLA operations. This is aligned with the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) curriculum, which covers the monitoring and verification of IP SLA configurations as part of ensuring network performance and reliability.

 Cisco SD-Access control plane simplifies traditional routing environments by using Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP). LISP separates the endpoint identifiers (EIDs) from the routing locators (RLOCs), which reduces the size of routing tables as routers only need to know the RLOCs for routing, not the EIDs1234.

References: Cisco SD-Access Solution Design Guide1.

To enable R1 and R2 to advertise routes into OSPF, the configurations must include the network command under OSPF configuration mode specifying the network to be advertised along with the appropriate wildcard mask and area ID. Additionally, the interfaces that connect R1 and R2 should be configured with the ip ospf command to include them in the OSPF process. References := The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course covers OSPF configuration and optimization in a Service Provider network infrastructure, which includes the use of the network and ip ospf commands for route advertisement

Wireless RF SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) is measured in decibels (dB). It quantifies the clarity of the signal received by comparing the level of the desired signal to the level of background noise. A higher SNR indicates that the signal is clearer and less affected by noise. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

This configuration is used to set up RADIUS as the primary method for user login validation, with a fallback to the local user database in case the RADIUS server is unavailable. The “aaa authentication exec default radius local” command configures AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) for exec sessions using RADIUS first and then the local database if RADIUS is not available.

 TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the method that ensures the confidentiality of data exchanged over a REST API. By encrypting the data transmitted between the client and the server, TLS prevents unauthorized access and ensures that sensitive information remains secure.

References: Best practices for REST API security documents234.

The EEM applet automates tasks on Cisco devices. Here, the task is to create a backup file using a Tel script. The correct CLI command to execute the Tel script from flash memory and complete the EEM applet is “flash:write_backup.tcl”.

YANG (Yet Another Next Generation) is a data modeling language used to model configuration and state data manipulated by the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), the protocol operations, and notifications for NETCONF. One of the key benefits of YANG is that it enforces configuration constraints, ensuring that the data adheres to the defined schema and rules, which helps in maintaining the integrity and validity of the network configuration.

Cisco SD-WAN operates over DTLS/TLS authenticated and secured tunnels ensuring secure data transmission across the wide-area network. It does not require manual secure tunnel configuration as it automates this process, making it more efficient than traditional WAN architectures. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) study guide.

 A palm scanner is a biometric device that uses the physical characteristics of a person’s palm to authenticate and authorize access. This method is considered more secure than traditional methods because it relies on unique biological traits. References: Biometric security methods like palm scanners are part of the security measures discussed in the SPCOR course, emphasizing their role in protecting network access

 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write, and easy for machines to parse and generate. A properly formatted JSON script should have key-value pairs with keys and string values enclosed in double quotation marks, and objects enclosed in curly braces {}. Arrays should be enclosed in square brackets [], and each key-value pair should be separated by a comma, except for the last pair in an object or array.

This is because the CoPP configuration shown in the exhibit applies a service policy to the control plane of the router, which is responsible for processing the routing protocols, management protocols, and other control traffic. The service policy uses a class map that matches the access list 100, which permits the traffic with the source IP address 10.1.1.1. The service policy also uses a policy map that sets the committed information rate (CIR) for the matched traffic to 64 kbps, which means that the traffic is guaranteed to have a minimum bandwidth of 64 kbps. The policy map also sets the exceed action to drop, which means that any traffic that exceeds the CIR will be dropped. Therefore, the traffic that matches entry 10 of ACL 100 is always allowed with a limited CIR, and any excess traffic is dropped. The source of this answer is the Cisco ENCOR v1.1 course, module 6, lesson 6.3: Implementing QoS.

The correct line of code to return the JSON object {"cat_9k": "FXS193202SE"} would be a Python statement that creates a dictionary with the key cat_9k and the value FXS193202SE, and then returns this dictionary as a JSON object. This can be achieved using the json module in Python, which provides a method called dumps() to serialize a Python dictionary into a JSON formatted string.

Here’s how the Python function might look:

The line return json.dumps({"cat_9k": "FXS193202SE"}) serializes the dictionary {"cat_9k": "FXS193202SE"} into a JSON formatted string, which is the expected output.

References: The explanation is based on the general knowledge of Python programming and JSON serialization, which is consistent with the practices and teachings found in the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials12.

To prevent a DR/BDR election on a network, the OSPF interface priority needs to be set to 0. This can be done by using the ip ospf priority 0 command on the router’s interface configuration. With this setting, the router is ineligible to become a DR or BDR, ensuring that no election takes place on that interface.

 Call Admission Control (CAC) is a network feature used to ensure that voice and video traffic is given the necessary bandwidth to maintain quality of service. CAC requires the client to send a traffic specification (TSpec) as part of the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). The TSpec defines the characteristics of the traffic stream, allowing the network to reserve the required bandwidth and ensure that the call can be handled with the appropriate quality.

The correct action is to change the access-list number in the route map to match the access-list defined for the VRF leaking. The access-list number is a reference that must correspond between the route-map and the access-list configuration. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source book

 Cisco DNA Center discovers devices using a variety of methods. The correct answers are:

A. CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol): This is a Cisco proprietary protocol that is used to discover Cisco devices that are directly connected.

B. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): This protocol is used to collect and organize information about managed devices on IP networks and to modify that information to change device behavior.

C. LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol): An industry-standard protocol used to discover the identity of neighboring devices on a local broadcast domain. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that allows for the use of both equal and unequal cost load balancing, providing more flexibility in routing decisions. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), on the other hand, is a link-state protocol that only supports equal cost path load balancing. This means that OSPF will only use multiple paths if they have the same cost metric, whereas EIGRP can utilize paths with different metrics, optimizing the use of network resources and potentially improving overall network performance.

 The output would typically show that RSPAN session 1 is incompletely configured if it does not display any source or destination ports or VLANs for monitoring. RSPAN (Remote Switched Port Analyzer) sessions are used to monitor traffic on one or more source ports and send the monitored traffic to a destination port on a remote switch. An incomplete configuration means that the session is not fully set up to capture and forward traffic as intended. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

 The correct command set for configuring RSPAN to capture outgoing traffic from VLAN 3 on interface GigabitEthernet 0/3 while ignoring other VLAN traffic on the same interface is found in option C. This option includes the commands that specifically target traffic from VLAN 3 and ensure that only this traffic is captured for analysis, as per the requirements of RSPAN configuration in Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies. References := Cisco SPCOR

Flexible NetFlow allows for more efficient use of resources by sampling packets rather than analyzing every single one. This means that only a subset of traffic is selected randomly, which reduces the number of packets to be analyzed (D) and consequently lowers CPU and memory utilization (A).

References: The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course

The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) map resolver is responsible for processing incoming map-request messages from Ingress Tunnel Routers (ITRs). It decapsulates these messages and forwards them to the Map Server (MS), which then looks up the corresponding Endpoint Identifier (EID) to Routing Locator (RLOC) mappings. This process is crucial for the LISP control plane, enabling the dynamic resolution of EID-to-RLOC mappings necessary for routing LISP-encapsulated traffic across the network.

References:

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) training materials.

Cisco documentation on LISP architecture and operation.

The configuration lines provided indicate the use of AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) with a default login authentication method list named “default”. This list specifies the sequence of authentication methods to be queried during login attempts. The keyword ‘group’ followed by ‘tacacs+’ indicates that the device should first attempt to use TACACS+ for authentication. If TACACS+ servers are unreachable or unable to authenticate the user, the next method specified is ‘radius’, which means it will then attempt to use RADIUS for authentication. Finally, if both TACACS+ and RADIUS fail, ‘local’ indicates that the device should fall back on its local user database for authentication.

 The status “QM_IDLE” indicates that the ISAKMP Security Association (SA) is in a Quick Mode idle state, meaning it’s authenticated and can be used for Quick Mode. In this state, the SA is established but idle, waiting to be activated to protect data flows between peers.

References: The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course provides a deep dive into Service Provider technologies including core architecture, services, networking, automation, quality of services, security, and network assurance. 

Citrix XenServer is a Type 1 hypervisor, also known as a bare-metal hypervisor. It is installed directly on the physical server’s hardware and manages the hardware and guest operating systems. This type of hypervisor provides high performance and stability because it does not run inside another operating system but acts as a lightweight operating system itself designed to run virtual machines. Citrix XenServer is based on the open-source Xen Project hypervisor and is optimized for server, desktop, and cloud virtualization infrastructures. References: The information is supported by the official Citrix documentation1 and further details can be found in the Citrix Hypervisor technical overview

The configuration commands in option C correctly specify the source subnet as 10.1.10.0 with the wildcard mask 0.0.0.255 and the destination subnet as 10.1.2.0 with the wildcard mask 0.0.0.255. This allows all IP traffic from the source subnet to the destination subnet as required. The commands are entered in the global configuration mode, modifying the existing EGRESS access control list without disrupting other traffic flows.

References: The information is based on the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course

In the context of HSRP, the standby 2 preempt command enables a router to become the active router when it has a higher priority than the current active router. If Router 1 is set with a priority of 110 and it fails, causing Router 2 to take over as the active router, then when Router 1 comes back online, it will not automatically take back the role of active router unless it is configured with the preempt command. The preempt command allows Router 1 to reclaim its role as the primary HSRP router due to its higher priority. References: Implementing andOperating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) training materials or official certification guide.

 The valid JSON file is the one that correctly follows the JSON format, which is a lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. The JSON format is based on a subset of the JavaScript language, though it can be used with many other programming languages. In the context of Cisco Service ProviderNetwork Core Technologies, JSON files are often used for configuration and data interchange between network devices and management systems.

MACsec (Media Access Control Security) is a security technology that provides secure communication for all traffic on Ethernet links. MACsec provides Layer 2 hop-by-hop encryption, which enables data confidentiality and integrity to be maintained between nodes in the network. It operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and encrypts packets before they are transmitted across the network cables and devices.

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol) and MHSRP (Multigroup Hot Standby Router Protocol) are the two technologies that enable all end hosts in a VLAN to utilize both gateways. GLBP allows for automatic load balancing on a single IP address, distributing client requests among all available routers. It achieves this by assigning multiple virtual MAC addresses to a single virtual IP address, which the end hosts use as their default gateway. MHSRP, on the other hand, is a variation of HSRP that allows for the creation of multiple HSRP groups on a single interface, providing load balancing by assigning different groups to different end hosts.

References:

The Cisco Community discussion on “GLBP vs HSRP” provides insights into the advantages of GLBP over HSRP, including the ability to load balance with a single default gateway1.

GeeksforGeeks offers a comparison of HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP, highlighting the load balancing capabilities of GLBP2.

ITU Online explains the suitability of HSRP for Cisco infrastructure and GLBP for optimizing both redundancy and traffic distribution3.

IP With Ease provides a detailed comparison of HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP, noting that GLBP is the only protocol that provides load balancing among devices in the group4.

Networks Training compares HSRP and VRRP, and emphasizes GLBP’s unique ability to load balance traffic

 The error message indicates an MD5 authentication failure between the two BGP peers. The IP addresses involved are 10.10.10.1 and 10.120.10.1, which should correspond to R1 and R2 respectively. The correct configurations to resolve this issue would be to ensure that both routersare configured with the same password for MD5 authentication within the same peer group CORP.

Option A is correct because it configures R1 with the CORP peer group and sets the password to “Cisco” for MD5 authentication.

Option E is correct because it configures R2 with a neighbor in the CORP peer group at IP address 10.10.10.1 (which should be R1) and sets the password to “Cisco” for MD5 authentication.

References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

Deny

Permit

Action drop

Action forward

The data policy in a Cisco SD-WAN deployment is a set of statements that defines how data is forwarded based on IP packet information and specific VPNs. It is not a list of ordered statements defining node configurations and authentication (option A), nor a detailed database mapping addresses with locations (option C), or a group of services tested for device and link liveliness within the SD-WAN overlay (option D).

The exec-timeout command is used to configure the timeout for the exec session on a Cisco router or switch. This command takes two arguments: the first is the timeout in minutes, and the second is the timeout in seconds. To meet the security policy of terminating all idle-exec sessions in 600 seconds (which equals to 10 minutes), option C “line vty 0 4 exec-timeout 10 0” should be used. This configuration sets an exec timeout of ten minutes and zero seconds on vty lines from zero to four, effectively meeting the security policy requirement. References := For further details, you can refer to Cisco’s official documentation on the exec-timeout command here.

The WLAN security settings indicate that the PSK (Pre-Shared Key) is enabled, which typically requires a passphrase or text string for authentication. However, since the question specifies that the configuration is based on the exhibit, and without the ability to view the exhibit, it’s not possible to provide a definitive answer. Generally, if PSK is used, a text string would be the method for clients to authenticate to the network. If 802.1X is enabled, then username and password would be used. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

 When configuring a GRE tunnel, if the tunnel mode is not explicitly specified, it defaults to GRE IP. In this case, since there is no mention of a non-default mode in the output of the show interface tunnel command, we can infer that the tunnel mode remains at its default setting which is GRE IP.

 In a VXLAN environment, the VTEP (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint) is responsible for maintaining Layer 2 isolation between segments. The VTEP encapsulates Layer 2 frames within Layer 3 packets (using MAC-in-UDP encapsulation) and uses a 24-bit VXLAN Network Identifier (VNID) to identify and maintain isolation between different Layer 2 segments over a shared Layer 3 infrastructure123.

References := RFC 7348, Cisco Press resources on VXLAN

The correct answer involves using an EEM applet action to execute a CLI command and append its output to a file in the flash memory. The syntax “action X.Y cli command” is used within an EEM applet to run a CLI command, where X is the sequence number and Y is an optional decimal used for sub-actions. The “append” keyword in the command indicates that the output should be added to the specified file rather than overwriting it.

References: This information would typically be found in Cisco’s official documentation for Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR), specifically in sections discussing automation with EEM.

 External antennas are used inside a building when they can provide the required coverage, which is determined by the specific design and requirements of the wireless network. The use of external antennas is not limited to any particular deployment model or frequency band; it is based on the coverage needs. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies study guide

The commands shown in Option C are the appropriate ones to resolve the connectivity issue. The command no interface po1 disables the port-channel interface, which might be causing a conflict or misconfiguration. The interface range fa0/1-2 command selects the range of interfaces to be configured next. The channel-group 1 mode passive command adds these interfaces to an EtherChannel group in passive mode, which waits for LACP packets from another LACP-enabled device before forming an EtherChannel link. Finally, the end command exits the configuration mode.

References := This answer is based on the knowledge from the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course

OSPF adjacency can only be established on the GigabitEthernet0/1 interface. In the router configuration, OSPF is enabled on GigabitEthernet0/1, as indicated by the line protocol being up. The other interfaces, including GigabitEthernet0/0 and GigabitEthernet0/1.40, cannot establish OSPF adjacency due to reasons such as area mismatch or network type discrepancies. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

The correct OSPF network command to be applied to R2 for establishing an OSPF neighborship is “network 20.1.1.2 255.255.0.0 area 0”. This command specifies the interface’s IP address andthe associated wildcard mask that inversely matches the subnet mask. The area 0 denotes that this interface belongs to OSPF Area 0. The wildcard mask 255.255.0.0 allows for all interfaces within the 20.1.x.x network to participate in OSPF.

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide. 

The error shown in the exhibit can be resolved by changing the first line of the script to “from ncclient import *”. This syntax is used in Python to import all modules from a package, which in this case includes the ‘manager’ module required for establishing a connection using ncclient.manager.connect.

References:

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) training1.

Cisco’s official certification exam overview for SPCOR 350-5012.

In BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), the MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator) attribute is used to influence the inbound traffic from another AS (Autonomous System). A lower MED value is preferred over a higher one. By setting the MED to 1 on PE2 toward BR2 outbound, it makes this path less favorable for incoming traffic, thus influencing BR2 to prefer the path via BR1 to reach the network 209.165.201.0/27. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide.

Diagrama Descripción generada automáticamenteMED Attribute:+ Optional nontransitive attribute (nontransitive means that we can only advertise MED to routers that are one AS away)+ Sent through ASes to external BGP neighbors+ Lower value is preferred (it can be considered the external metric of a route)+ Default value is 0

 Coverage hole detection is a feature in wireless networks that identifies areas where clients have poor signal quality or cannot connect to the network. By enabling this feature, the system can adapt by increasing power levels or making other adjustments to improve coverage, thus reducing the frequency of disconnections for users.

 IGMP versions are designed to be backward compatible. IGMPv2 can interoperate with IGMPv1, allowing for communication between devices using different versions of the protocol4

Diagram Description automatically generated

 The exhibit shows the configuration of spanning-tree on an interface with all VLANs (VLAN0010, VLAN0020, VLAN0030, VLAN0040) in a Designated Forwarding state and Type as Point-to-Point Edge. This configuration is consistent with the enabling of PortFast on the interface. PortFast is enabled by entering the command spanning-tree portfast in the interface configuration mode. PortFast causes a switch or trunk port to enter the spanning tree forwarding state immediately, bypassing the listening and learning states. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies Study Guide

 To simplify the IPsec configuration over GRE using IPsec profiles, the network engineer needs to create an IPsec profile and associate it with a transform-set. This profile is then applied to the tunnel interface. The transform-set defines the encryption and authentication methods used for IPsec. By applying the profile to the tunnel interface, it enables the encapsulation of GRE packets within IPsec, thus securing the communication between the endpoints. This method eliminatesthe need for complex crypto map configurations and access control lists (ACLs) that specify match conditions for the encrypted traffic.

References: The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course

 A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a network security device that provides capabilities beyond a traditional, stateful firewall. Unlike a traditional firewall that filters traffic using only state, port, and protocol, an NGFW includes additional features such as application awareness and control, integrated intrusion prevention, and cloud-delivered threat intelligence. This means that an NGFW can block modern threats like advanced malware and application-layer attacks, making intrusion prevention one of its key characteristics.

The feature set for NGFWs build upon traditional firewall features by including critical security functions like intrusion prevention, VPN, and anti-virus, and even encrypted web traffic inspection to help prevent packets containing malicious content from entering the network

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

 In the scenario provided, both switches SW1 and SW2 are set to “dynamic auto” mode for their respective interfaces. This mode allows the interface to become a trunk link if the connecting interface is set to trunk or desirable mode. However, when both ends of a link are set to “dynamic auto,” neither will actively attempt to form a trunk. To resolve this issue, one of the switches needs to actively attempt to form a trunk, which can be achieved by setting one of the interfaces to “dynamic desirable” mode using the command switchport mode dynamic desirable.

References:

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.1

Cisco’s training and certification materials regarding DTP (Dynamic Trunking Protocol) and switchport modes.

The output confirms that R1 is configured with PAT (Port Address Translation) overload parameters because it shows a dynamic translation, indicating that multiple internal addresses are being translated to a single external address but with a different port number for each session. This can be inferred from the NAT statistics and mappings in the exhibit. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

When using Transport Layer Security (TLS) for secure syslog transmission, the configuration should specify TCP as the transport protocol because it provides reliable message delivery. The default port for secure syslog over TLS is 6514, not the standard syslog port 514, which is typically used for unencrypted syslog over UDP.

References: General knowledge of network security protocols and syslog transportation methods.

RESTCONF is a network management protocol based on HTTP that provides a programmatic interface for accessing data defined in YANG, using the datastores defined in NETCONF. Among the options provided, HEAD and PATCH are valid operations for RESTCONF. The HEAD method is used for reading the metadata of a resource without fetching the resource itself, while the PATCH method is used for applying partial updates to a resource.

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide.

The Identity Services Engine (ISE) in a Cisco SD-Access solution plays a crucial role in security and access control. It acts as a centralized policy management platform that enables the creation and enforcement of access policies for endpoint devices. ISE uses information such as user identity, device type, and other context to dynamically map endpoints to specific groups, thus defining the access levels and permissions for each device within the network. This ensures thatonly authorized users and devices can access certain network resources, enhancing the overall security posture.

References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR)

 Referring to the exhibit, when users attempt to connect to vty lines 0 through 4, the device will authenticate them against TACACS+ if local authentication fails. This configuration shows that AAA new-model is enabled, which allows for the use of TACACS+ for authentication. The configuration also specifies an authorization list for login using TACACS+. If TACACS+ fails, it will revert to local authentication as there’s no explicit deny statement in the configuration.

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a protocol designed to detect faults between two forwarding engines connected by a link. In the context of Cisco SD-WAN, BFD is used to measure link quality by rapidly detecting link failures, which is crucial for maintaining the high availabilityand reliability of the network. BFD operates independently of media, data protocols, and routing protocols, providing a low-overhead, fast method of detecting failures in the path between adjacent routers.

References:

Cisco documentation on SD-WAN solutions, specifically the sections discussing BFD and its role in link quality measurement.

Cisco’s official training and certification materials for Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR).

To configure HSRP group 300 on a Cisco IOS router and ensure it becomes the active router when functional, the necessary commands are:

standby version 2: This command enables HSRP version 2, which supports an expanded group number range from 0 to 4095.

standby 300 priority 90: This sets the priority of the HSRP router to 90. Since the default priority is 100, a lower priority ensures this router will be the standby router if both routers are functional.

standby 300 preempt: This command allows the router to take over as the active router if it has a higher priority and the current active router fails.

References :=

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

On-Demand E-Learning

 EtherChannel is a port link aggregation technology that allows the grouping of several physical Ethernet links to create a logical Ethernet link for the purpose of providing fault-tolerance and high-speed links between switches, routers, and servers. For EtherChannel to be operational, both sides of the channel need to negotiate with each other using a protocol like LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) or PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol). The ‘active’ mode in LACP actively sends LACP packets and is able to form an EtherChannel if the other side is set to ‘passive’ or ‘active’. If the EtherChannel is not operational, it’s likely that one side is not correctly configured to negotiate. Setting SW3 Gi0/1 to ‘active’ would initiate the negotiation process to form the EtherChannel1.

References: The explanation is based on the standard practices of configuring EtherChannel as described in Cisco’s Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) documentation and training materials.

The vSmart controller in a Cisco SD-WAN environment manages the control plane. It acts as the brain of the network, orchestrating control plane operations, optimizing routing decisions, and ensuring secure communication across the network. References: Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Getting Started Guide3, [Part 6] Cisco SDWAN - vSmart Controller

 The error will be flagged when trying to add the command “monitor session 1 source interface FatEthernet0/1 tx” because there is a typo in the interface name. It should be “FastEthernet” not “FatEthernet”. In Cisco IOS, the correct syntax and spelling are crucial for the commands to be accepted and executed. Any typos or incorrect syntax will result in an error.

The default virtual MAC address used by HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) group 30 is “00:00:0c:07:ac:1e”. HSRP uses a well-known MAC address format which includes the HSRP group number in hexadecimal. For group 30, the hexadecimal equivalent is “1e”, hence the virtual MAC address ends with “ac:1e”. References: Cisco Community discussion on HSRP Virtual MAC Format.

In the Cisco DNA Center Image Repository, a golden image is a validated software image that meets the compliance requirements for a particular device type within an organization. It is designated as the most stable and reliable version for deployment on devices, ensuring consistency and reliability in the network infrastructure. References: Cisco DNA Center User Guide, Release 2.3.32.

 A complete Cisco DNA Center upgrade requires both application updates (D) and a system update (E). Application updates ensure that all the Cisco DNA Center applications are running the latest versions, while a system update upgrades the underlying operating system and platform components to support the new application versions.

 In the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP), the Map Resolver is responsible for receiving encapsulated messages from the Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR) and forwarding them to the appropriate Map Server, which then communicates with the egress tunnel routers (ETRs) to ensure proper message delivery. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials.

The script is missing an event to trigger the EEM applet. In Cisco EEM (Embedded Event Manager), an event is a specific occurrence on a network device that is detected by EEM. The “event none” statement is used in EEM scripts when the applet is not triggered by any system events but can be manually run. In this case, since the script aims to apply an access list, it doesn’t need to be triggered automatically by any system events but can be invoked as required.

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide

The GRE tunnel configuration requires both a source and destination address to establish a point-to-point link. In this scenario, R2 must have a tunnel source address configured to match the destination address on R1. Since R1’s tunnel destination is set to 200.1.1.1, the corresponding tunnel source address on R2 should be 200.1.1.1 to complete the configuration and allow the tunnel to become operational.

The IP SLA operation that requires an IP SLA responder to be configured on the remote end is UDP jitter. This operation measures the delay variation (jitter) between IP SLA devices and requires a responder to accurately measure this metric. The responder provides a timestamp for when the packet is received and sent back, allowing for precise measurement of round-trip time and jitter3.

References: IP SLAs Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15M&T3.

Presence technology allows the network to detect and locate wireless devices based on their proximity to a Cisco access point. This technique is suitable for the customer’s requirement to gather analysis for users in each store, as it can provide information on the number of devices in the area and their general location. It does not require the precision of hyperlocation or trilateration, which are more complex and resource-intensive. References: Cisco User and Entity Behavior Analysis (UEBA).

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) functions by leveraging unicast routing information to perform multicast forwarding. PIM is independent of the unicast routing protocol, meaning it can work with any routing protocol that is used to populate the unicast routing table. PIM uses this information to ensure that multicast traffic is forwarded along the most efficient path to reach all members of a multicast group. References: Protocol Independent Multicast - Wikipedia

 The issue described is that the laptop does not attempt to connect to the network with a hidden SSID and RADIUS-based client authentication. The option “Connect even if this network is notbroadcasting” should be selected to resolve this issue. When a wireless network hides its SSID, devices won’t see the network’s name as an available connection. By selecting this option, the device will connect to the network even if it can’t find a broadcasted SSID, ensuring connectivity in environments where SSID broadcasting is disabled for security reasons. References: The Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course provides a comprehensive understanding of configuring, verifying, troubleshooting, and optimizing next-generation, Service Provider IP network infrastructures, which includes knowledge relevant to resolving such wireless network issues

 HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) uses virtual MAC addresses for the redundancy group to provide high availability. For HSRP group 15, the default virtual MAC address is 00:00:0c:07:ac:0f. This address is derived from the HSRP group number in hexadecimal format, where “ac” is a fixed prefix and “0f” represents the group number 15 in hexadecimal45. References := Configuring HSRP - Cisco, HSRP Question - Cisco Community

 A data modeling language is used to create a visual representation of an information system or parts of it, which helps in structuring, grouping, validating, and replicating data. It provides a standardized way to define and manage data resources, illustrating the types of data used, their relationships, and how they can be organized3. References := What Is Data Modeling? | IBM

 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to compute the shortest path tree for each route. It supports an unlimited number of hops, making it suitable for larger and more complex networks. OSPF also supports only equal-cost load balancing, which means it can only balance traffic across paths that have the same cost metric.

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), on the other hand, is a distance vector protocol that uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to achieve rapid convergence and ensure loop-free operation at every instant. EIGRP supports a maximum of 255 hops, which is typically more than sufficient for most enterprise networks. Additionally, EIGRP is capable of unequal-cost load balancing, allowing it to distribute traffic across multiple paths with different metrics, optimizing the use of network resources4567.

References := Cisco Community’s Dynamic Routing Protocols, GeeksforGeeks’ Difference between EIGRP and OSPF, Cisco Community’s OSPF vs EIGRP, Cisco Learning Network’s EIGRP vs OSPF

The configuration in option C is a Control Plane Policing (CoPP) policy, which is used to manage the traffic flow that is directed to the router’s control plane. In this specific configuration, it matches all SSH traffic (as indicated by “class-map match-all CoPP_SSH” and “match access-group name CoPP_SSH”) and polices it to 100000 bps or 100 kbps (as indicated by “police cir 100000”). Any traffic that exceeds this rate will be dropped, as indicated by “exceed-action drop”. This ensures that the router only accepts up to 100 kbps of SSH traffic, effectively restricting it.

The correct Python code to display the value of the ‘role’ key, based on the router’s API output in JSON format, is Option B. In this option, json_data is assigned the JSON content from response.json(). Then it prints the value associated with the ‘role’ key which is nested inside ‘family’, which in turn is nested inside ‘response’. The syntax json_data['response']['family']['role'] is used to access nested dictionaries in Python. References: For an exact reference, please consult the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide.

Graphical user interface, text, application Description automatically generated

The question pertains to configuring DSW1 as the root bridge for VLAN 10 and 20. In the context of MST (Multiple Spanning Tree), the priority values determine which switch becomes the root bridge, with lower values indicating higher priority. Options A and D are correct because they set the priority for MST instance 1, which can be mapped to VLANs 10 and 20, ensuring DSW1 has a lower priority and thus becomes the root bridge.

 Cisco DNA Center provides a comprehensive solution for managing and monitoring wireless networks, including the ability to locate and track malicious devices. It integrates with the Advanced Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (aWIPS), which allows for the monitoring of threat signatures and the implementation of security policies. The malicious rogue rules on Cisco DNA Center enable the security department to effectively identify, locate, and mitigate threats posed by unauthorized access points and other malicious devices within the network environment.

The NAT configuration on R1 is translating the inside local address 10.1.1.1 to the inside global address 209.165.201.2 as per the static mapping configured with the “ip nat inside source static” command shown in the exhibit. This answers option B, where a packet sent from 10.1.1.1 to any destination will have its source IP translated to 209.165.201.2 by R1.

Option D is also correct because NAT on R1 processes packets by examining their source IP addresses to determine if translation is needed based on whether they are coming from inside or outside networks.

Option A is incorrect because there’s no dynamic NAT or PAT configuration that would translate destination addresses.

Option C is incorrect because NAT translates source addresses of packets leaving an interface, not destination addresses of incoming packets.

Option E is incorrect as there’s no indication of outside local and outside global translations in this specific configuration. References := Cisco SPCOR

The ‘terminal monitor’ command is used on Cisco routers to enable the display of logging messages to the terminal line, such as a Telnet or SSH session. This command ensures that the logging messages are displayed in real-time as they are generated by the router, allowing the engineer to view them immediately. References: Cisco Community discussions

The access control list (ACL) shown allows TCP traffic that has the ACK bit set in the TCP header, indicating that the traffic is part of an already established connection. This type of ACL is typically used to permit return traffic for sessions initiated from inside the network, while denying unsolicited incoming traffic.

YANG (Yet Another Next Generation) is a data modeling language used to model configuration and state data manipulated by the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), RESTCONF, or any other network management protocol. It provides a standardized data structure that is transport protocol-independent, allowing for consistent management across different types of network elements.

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course

The issue is that VLAN 10 has propagated to SW3, which is against the company policy. The company policy allows only VLAN 10 on SW1 and SW2. To correct this issue, the allowed VLANs on the trunk link connecting to SW3 should be configured to exclude VLAN 10. Option C accomplishes this by configuring the trunk link on SW2 (int gi1/2) to allow all VLANs except VLAN 10 (switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-9,11-4094).

References :=

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

On-Demand E-Learning

To restrict access to the router to only administrators from the subnet 10.10.10.0/24 and ensure that a secure protocol is used, the configuration should include an access control list (ACL) that specifies the allowed subnet and applies it to the vty lines. Additionally, it should specify the use of a secure protocol like SSH for remote access. Here’s an example configuration:

access-list 10 permit 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255

line vty 0 4

login local

transport input ssh

access-class 10 in

This configuration creates an ACL that permits only the 10.10.10.0/24 subnet and applies it to the vty lines, which are used for remote access to the router. It also specifies that only SSH is allowed as the input transport protocol for these lines, ensuring secure communication.

Cisco DNA Center and vManage northbound APIs are characterized by their implementation of the RESTCONF protocol, which is a REST API interface for accessing the automation and assurance workflows of these network management platforms3.

Text, letter Description automatically generated

The EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) formula is used to calculate the power radiated by an antenna in a specific direction. The formula is ( EIRP = P_T - L_C + G_a ), where ( P_T ) is the transmitter power, ( L_C ) is the antenna cable loss, and ( G_a ) is the antenna gain. To determine the EIRP value, the antenna cable loss ( L_C ) is subtracted from the sum of the transmitter power and the antenna gain2.

References: EIRP Calculator - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power2.

The issue with the current access list is that it denies all IP traffic before it allows the desired traffic from or to the 192.168.0.0/16 network, due to the sequence of commands in access-list 100. The “10 deny ip any any” command at the beginning of the list is preventing packets from being evaluated by subsequent lines in the access list. By removing this line with option B, “R1(config)#ip access-list extended 100 R1(config-ext-nacl)#no 10”, it will allow for proper evaluation of packets according to lines 20 and 30, which permit traffic to and from the specified network. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) study guide; Cisco’s official documentation on configuring IP access lists.

 SSO (Stateful Switchover) works in conjunction with HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) to provide a rapid failover solution in the event of a link failure. This collaboration is crucial for minimizing network disruptions and maintaining continuous data forwarding. When a failure is detected, SSO enables the standby router to assume control promptly, ensuring minimal impact on traffic and ongoing services.

DISTRO-SW1

Sw1

int vlan 100

standby 1 ip 192.168.1.1

standby 1 priority 110

standby 1 preempt

copy run start

DISTRO-SW2

SW2

int vlan 100

standby 1 ip 192.168.1.1

standby 1 preempt

copy run start

OR

MINOR CHANGE IN ABOVE HSRP SCENERIO

Graphical user interface, text, application, email Description automatically generated

Check the IP address 1.254 check the minimum 15 seconds solution get change.

DISTRO-SW1

Sw1

int vlan 100

glbp 1 ip 192.168.1.254

glbp 1 priority 110

glbp 1 timers 5 15

glbp 1 preempt

copy run start

DISTRO-SW2

SW2

int vlan 100

glbp 1 ip 192.168.1.254

glbp 1 timers 5 15

glbp 1 preempt

copy run start

In Cisco SD-Access fabric, LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol) is used for mapping and resolving endpoints. LISP creates a separate Identity namespace (Endpoint IDs or EIDs) from the Routing Locator namespace (RLOCs). This separation provides an improved mechanism for traffic routing among various endpoints within the network. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR)

The power difference in dBm can be calculated using the formula:

10×log10​(P1P2​)

where (P1) and (P2) are the initial and final power levels in milliwatts (mW). So, for an increase from 25 mW to 100 mW, the calculation is

10×log10​(25100​)=10×log10​(4)=10×0.6=6dBm

However, since the question asks for the difference, we need to consider that dBm is a logarithmic unit, so we use the formula for power ratio in dB which is

10×log10​(PowerRatio)

The power ratio here is

25mW100mW​=4

Therefore,

10×log10​(4)=10×0.6=6dBm

But this is the increase for each doubling of power. Since we are increasing from 25 mW to 100 mW, which is a fourfold increase or two doublings (25 mW to 50 mW to 100 mW), we have two increments of 6 dBm, which gives us a total increase of 12 dBm.However, the closest answer to 12 dBm is 17 dBm, which is answer C.References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) training materials

 Utilizing data models in a multivendor environment facilitates a unified approach to configuration and management. This is because data models provide a standardized way to represent network configurations, making it easier to manage devices from different vendors within the same network. References: The advantage of using data models is supported by the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source book and corroborated by the search results

Next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are designed to go beyond the capabilities of traditional firewalls by incorporating advanced features such as deep packet inspection and application awareness. Deep packet inspection allows the firewall to examine the data within the packets passing through it, enabling it to identify and control applications, detect intrusions, and prevent attacks. Application awareness refers to the firewall’s ability to recognize and control applications regardless of the port or protocol used for communication, providing more granular traffic management and security.

 The code snippet provided in the exhibit is a simple Python program that initializes a variable count with the value of 8. It then enters a while loop that continues executing as long as count is greater than 4. Inside the loop, it prints the current value of count and then decrements count by one each iteration. As a result, it will print the numbers 8, 7, 6, and 5 before count becomes less than or equal to four and the loop terminates.

Graphical user interface, application Description automatically generated

 The RIB (Routing Information Base) is derived from the control plane, which is responsible for network routing decisions. It contains the routing table with all learned routes, including static, directly connected, and dynamically learned routes. The FIB (Forwarding Information Base), on the other hand, is derived from the RIB and is used in the data plane for making actual packet forwarding decisions. It contains the best routes selected from the RIB and is optimized for fast lookup to efficiently forward packets to their next hop. 

VXLAN is a network virtualization technology that addresses the scalability problems associated with large cloud computing deployments. It allows for the creation of a logical network for each tenant or customer, supporting up to 16 million virtual networks. VXLAN encapsulates Layer 2 Ethernet frames within Layer 4 UDP packets, using MAC-in-UDP encapsulation, to enable Layer 2 adjacency across IP networks. This technology extends the Layer 2 segment ID field to 24-bits, providing a much larger scale than the traditional VLANs’ 12-bit identifier, which supports only up to 4096 VLANs123.

References := Cisco’s VXLAN Configuration Guide, Cisco Learning Network’s Introduction to VXLAN, Wikipedia’s VXLAN Article

The VTEP, or VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, plays a crucial role in a VXLAN environment by encapsulating Ethernet frames into VXLAN packets. This encapsulation process allows for the creation of a tunnel over the IP network, enabling the extension of Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 infrastructures2.

References := IP With Ease - Understanding VTEPs and VNIs in VXLAN Environment

The GRE tunnel is disabled due to recursive routing, which occurs when the router learns the destination IP address for the tunnel interface through the tunnel itself. This creates a loop where the tunnel attempts to route traffic to its destination via the tunnel, causing it to collapse. The router then recalculates the routes, re-establishes the tunnel, and the cycle repeats. This is indicated by the system log message “%TUN-5-RECURDOWN Interface Tunnel 0 temporarily disabled due to recursive routing.” References := Study CCNP: GRE Tunnels and Recursive Routing Problems

When a client roams between APs that are registered to different controllers within the same WLAN, the client’s database entry moves from the original controller (Controller A) to the new controller (Controller B). This process ensures that the client maintains its connection and experiences seamless mobility. The controllers share information about the client, such as authentication credentials, so that there is no need for re-authentication when moving between APs connected to different controllers. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide.

The OSPF neighborship is failing between the two interfaces due to a mismatch in OSPF timers. OSPF relies on several timers for the establishment and maintenance of neighbor relationships, including Hello and Dead intervals. In this case, both routers have different Hello and Dead intervals configured, leading to a failure in establishing OSPF neighborship.

 Classification is the QoS feature that uses the IP Precedence bits in the ToS field of the IP packet header to partition traffic into different priority levels. It involves identifying and categorizing packets based on the IP Precedence value, which can range from 0 to 7, with higher values indicating higher priority traffic. This process is essential for applying appropriate QoS policies to different types of traffic, ensuring that high-priority traffic, such as voice and video, receives the necessary bandwidth and low latency treatment. References := Quality of Service (QoS) Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.6.x

To provide controlled Layer 2 network connectivity between virtual machines running on the same hypervisor, a virtual switch provided by the hypervisor (B) can be used to manage internal VM traffic. Additionally, a virtual switch running as a separate virtual machine © can also facilitate this connectivity. A single trunk link to an external Layer 2 switch (A) or a single routed link to an external router on stick (D) would not be contained within the hypervisor environment. VXLAN fabric (E) is used for overlay networks across different hosts and requires additional tunneling configuration.

Source 1: 67.pdf

Source 2: uide_2_1_chapter_0110.pdf

The ncclient library is used in Python to interact with network devices via NETCONF. It provides a simplified API for CRUD operations on YANG data models, making it easier for developers to manage network configurations.

Causes of Errdisable

This feature was first implemented in order to handle special collision situations in which the switch detected excessive or late collisions on a port. Excessive collisions occur when a frame is dropped because the switch encounters 16 collisions in a row. Late collisions occur after every device on the wire should have recognized that the wire was in use. Possible causes of these types of errors include:

A cable that is out of specification (either too long, the wrong type, or defective)

A bad network interface card (NIC) card (with physical problems or driver problems)

A port duplex misconfiguration

A port duplex misconfiguration is a common cause of the errors because of failures to negotiate the speed and duplex properly between two directly connected devices (for example, a NIC that connects to a switch). Only half-duplex connections should ever have collisions in a LAN. Because of the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) nature of Ethernet, collisions are normal for half duplex, as long as the collisions do not exceed a small percentage of traffic.

 HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary redundancy protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway. The protocol establishes a framework between network routers in order to achieve default gateway failover if the primary gateway becomes inaccessible, by assigning a virtual MAC address to the group of routers participating in HSRP. By default, HSRP group 32 uses the virtual MAC address 00:00:0c:07:ac:20. This address is composed of the Cisco OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) 00:00:0c, followed by the HSRP identifier 07:ac, and finally the HSRP group number in hexadecimal, which for group 32 is 20. References: Cisco’s official documentation on HSRP

The correct configuration for establishing an eBGP neighborship and advertising a network involves specifying the local AS number, the neighbor’s IP address along with its AS number, and the network to be advertised with the correct subnet mask. Option C correctly configures Router A with its local AS number (65001), sets up Router B as a neighbor with its IP address (10.0.1.2) and remote AS number (65002), and advertises the connected network on interface G0/1 (10.0.1.0) with the appropriate subnet mask (255.255.255.0). This ensures that Router A will form an eBGP neighborship with Router B and advertise the connected network to it. References: = Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) training materials or official certification guide.

The Rendezvous Point (RP) in Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) acts as a meeting place for sources and receivers of multicast traffic. Its main purpose is to receive Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) join messages from multicast receivers. This allows the RP to know which multicast groups have interested receivers and to facilitate the creation of a distribution tree for multicast traffic. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR)

The correct configuration to create a Control Plane Policing (CoPP) policy that allows unlimited SSH access from client 10.0.0.5 and denies access from all other SSH clients is found in Option C. This option correctly sets up an access list to permit SSH (port 22) only from the specified host, and then applies this access list in a class map which is used by the policy map to define the policing action.

Cisco DNA Center Assurance database can be backed up using an NFS share or a remote server. An NFS share allows for network storage that can be accessed by the DNA Center for backup purposes. A remote server refers to a server that is not part of the local network infrastructure but can be accessed over the network to store backups.Reference:  /c/en/us/td/docs/cloud-systems-management/network-automation-and-management/dna-center/2-1-2/admin_guide/b_cisco_dna_center_admin_guide_2_1_2/b_cisco_dna_center_admin_guide_2_1_1_chapter_0110.html

 In a scenario where Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) is used, each VRF instance has its own separate set of routing and forwarding tables. When an interface is assigned to a specific VRF, all Layer 2 activities including ARP are limited to that particular VRF. Therefore, if you are trying to view the ARP table from the global routing context, you will not see an entry for an IP address that belongs to a different VRF. In this case, since Interface FastEthernet0/0 is part of VRF CUST-A, any ARP entries associated with it would only be visible within that specific VRF’s ARP table. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.1

Route leaking is the process of sharing routes between different Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) instances on the same router. This can be achieved using several methods, including static routes, policy-based routing, and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The correct configuration involves setting up route import and export policies between the VRFs, which is typically done using route targets in BGP. The process allows for selective sharing of routes, ensuring that only the necessary routes are leaked from one VRF to another, maintaining the isolation of the remaining routes. References := For more detailed information and step-by-step guidance on configuring route leaking between VRFs, you can refer to the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials and the Cisco documentation on VRF route leaking

The overlay network in Cisco SD-Access architecture is a virtual and tunneled network that interconnects network devices virtually, forming an SDA fabric. This overlay network enables policy-based network segmentation, host mobility across wired and wireless networks, and improved network security compared to traditional network switching and routing capabilities. It is designed to overcome the complexity and constraints of the underlay network, providing a level of isolation among virtual networks and independence from the physical network infrastructure.

The sampler feature in Flexible NetFlow configuration allows the router to sample data packets rather than processing every packet that passes through it. This reduces the CPU and memory utilization as only a subset of packets is inspected, leading to more efficient use of resources while still providing valuable insights into network traffic patterns.

References:

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR)

Cisco Training & Certification resources

RESTCONF is a protocol used for network management that is based on HTTP, allowing for the retrieval and modification of configuration information using web-based APIs. It operates on a configurable port, and to set RESTCONF to use a specific port, the command restconf port  is used. Therefore, to configure RESTCONF to operate on port 8888, the correct command is restconf port 8888.

Adopting a data modeling language like YANG provides a standardized data structure, which results in configuration scalability and consistency across different vendor and platform configurations. This standardization allows for the refactoring of vendor and platform-specific configurations into widely compatible configurations, facilitating easier management and automation of network devices.

 A type 2 hypervisor, also known as a hosted hypervisor, runs on top of a host operating system rather than directly on the hardware. This makes it ideal for client or end-user systems where ease of use and flexibility are more important than performance. Type 2 hypervisors are typically used for development, testing, or educational purposes where full virtualization of the underlying hardware is not necessary.

References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials1.

A Transport Locator (TLOC) in a Cisco SD-WAN deployment is an attribute that acts as a next hop for network prefixes. It represents an attachment point where a Cisco WAN Edge device connects to a WAN transport, uniquely identified by a tuple of three values: System-IP address, Color, and Encapsulation.

References := Configure and Troubleshoot SD-WAN Network with TLOC Extension

The script that should be applied to receive an SNMP trap and a critical-level log message when a user switches to configuration mode is the one that uses the EEM (Embedded Event Manager) applet with specific commands for SNMP trap generation and logging. The correct script would contain the event cli command to specify the CLI event, action commands for sending an SNMP trap (snmp-trap) and for logging a message (syslog) at a critical level.

 In Cisco’s Software-Defined Access (SD-Access), Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) plays a crucial role in the data plane for forwarding traffic. LISP separates the end systems’ identities from their locations on the network, allowing for more efficient routing decisions based on endpoints’ identity rather than their IP address alone. This separation allows SD-Access to create flexible overlays for traffic forwarding over various transport networks. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.1

 The task requires configuring NAT (Network Address Translation) to allow all users in the subnet 10.2.2.0/24 to access the Internet using a single public IP address, which is 209.165.201.1, for all external communication. This is typically done using PAT (Port Address Translation), also known as NAT overload, which allows multiple private IP addresses to be mapped to a single public IP address but with different port numbers.

The correct command set would include defining an access list that specifies the local subnet, configuring the router’s inside interface that connects to the local network with ip nat inside, configuring the outside interface with ip nat outside, and then specifying the NAT rule that uses PAT by referring to the access list and indicating overload.

Option C is likely correct because it includes these elements:

An access control list (ACL) that permits traffic from the 10.2.2.0/24 subnet.

The ip nat inside command applied to an internal interface.

The ip nat outside command applied to an external interface.

A NAT rule that matches traffic permitted by the ACL and translates it using the IP address of the external interface with overload enabled.

EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) is the calculated power radiated by a transmitter, taking into account the antenna gain and cable losses. It represents the power that would be transmitted if the antenna were an ideal isotropic radiator, radiating equally in all directions. EIRP is typically expressed in dBm, which is a power ratio in decibels (dB) of the measured power referenced to one milliwatt (mW).

The script shown in the exhibit uses the ncclient library in Python, which is a client for NETCONF (Network Configuration Protocol). The manager.connect method is used to establish a session with a network device using NETCONF over SSH. The script then retrieves the running configuration of the device using the get_config method with 'source': 'running', specifying that it wants to retrieve the running configuration data. Finally, it writes this data into an XML file named after the host variable. This process is typically used for network automation tasks such as backing up configurations or programmatically retrieving information from network devices.