PHR Exam Questions Tutorials

Employers must allow, but cannot require, the employee to use available paid leave (like sick time) during military leave. It must be voluntary on the part of the employee.

Official Extract:

"Employees on military leave may elect, but cannot be required, to use accrued vacation, annual, or similar paid leave during their service."

(Source: HRCI PHR Content Outline 2024–2025, Employee and Labor Relations Section, USERRA Benefits)

A product-based structure organizes employees by products, brands, or services they work with, rather than by function or geography. This structure allows focus on specific brand success.

Official Extract:

"Product-based organizational structures group employees based on the products or brands they support, enabling specialization and brand focus."

(Source: HRCI PHR Content Outline 2024–2025, Business Management Section, Organizational Design and Structures)

Courts may award punitive damages when an employer’s discriminatory behavior is found to be intentional, malicious, or recklessly indifferent to federally protected rights. Punitive damages are meant to punish and deter similar misconduct.

Official Extract:

"Punitive damages may be awarded in cases of intentional discrimination where the employer acted with malice or reckless indifference to the employee’s rights."

(Source: HRCI PHR Content Outline 2024–2025, Employee and Labor Relations Section, Remedies and Penalties for Discrimination)

Since the policy allows substitution of vacation days but restricts sick days to personal illness, only the 12 vacation days must be used concurrently with FMLA leave.

Official Extract:

"Employers may require the substitution of accrued paid leave (such as vacation days) for unpaid FMLA leave, provided it aligns with their leave policies."

(Source: HRCI PHR Content Outline 2024–2025, Employee and Labor Relations Section, FMLA Leave Substitution Policies)