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In an AOS-8 architecture, the Mobility Controller (MC) includes a stateful firewall that enforces policies on client traffic. The firewall uses user roles to apply policies, allowing granular control over traffic based on the client’s identity and context.

User Roles: In AOS-8, each client is assigned a user role after authentication (e.g., via 802.1X, MAC authentication, or captive portal). The user role contains firewall policies (rules) that define what traffic is allowed or denied for clients in that role. For example, a "guest" role might allow only HTTP/HTTPS traffic, while an "employee" role might allow broader access.

Option A, "The firewall applies the rules in policies associated with the client's user role," is correct. The AOS firewall evaluates traffic based on the user role assigned to the client. Each role has a set of policies (rules) that are applied in order, and the first matching rule determines the action (permit or deny). For example, if a client is in the "employee" role, the firewall applies the rules defined in the "employee" role’s policy.

Option B, "The firewall applies every rule that includes the client's IP address as the source," is incorrect. The firewall does not apply rules based solely on the client’s IP address; it uses the user role. Rules within a role may include IP addresses, but the role determines which rules are evaluated.

Option C, "The firewall applies the rules in policies associated with the client's WLAN," is incorrect. While the WLAN configuration defines the initial role for clients (e.g., the default 802.1X role), the firewall applies rules based on the client’s current user role, which may change after authentication (e.g., via a RADIUS VSA like Aruba-User-Role).

Option D, "The firewall applies every rule that includes the client's IP address as the source or destination," is incorrect for the same reason as Option B. The firewall uses the user role to determine which rules to apply, not just the client’s IP address.

The HPE Aruba Networking AOS-8 8.11 User Guide states:

"The AOS firewall on the Mobility Controller applies rules based on the user role assigned to a client. Each user role contains a set of firewall policies that define the allowed or denied traffic for clients in that role. For example, a policy in the ‘employee’ role might include a rule like ipv4 user any http permit to allow HTTP traffic. The firewall evaluates the rules in the client’s role in order, and the first matching rule determines the action for the traffic." (Page 325, Firewall Policies Section)

Additionally, the HPE Aruba Networking Security Guide notes:

"User roles in AOS-8 provide a powerful mechanism for firewall policy enforcement. The firewall determines which rules to apply to a client’s traffic by looking at the policies associated with the client’s user role, which is assigned during authentication or via a RADIUS VSA like Aruba-User-Role." (Page 50, Role-Based Access Control Section)

In the context of ArubaOS-Switches, enabling Enhanced Secure mode has several benefits, one of which includes disabling insecure algorithms for protocols such as SSH. This is in line with security best practices, as older, less secure algorithms are known to be vulnerable to various types of cryptographic attacks. When Enhanced Secure mode is enabled, the switch automatically restricts the use of such algorithms, thereby enhancing the security of management access.

Symmetric encryption is a type of encryption where the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. It's called "symmetric" because the key used for encryption is identical to the key used for decryption. The data, or plaintext, is transformed into ciphertext during encryption, and then the same key is used to revert the ciphertext back to plaintext during decryption. It is a straightforward method but requires secure handling and exchange of the encryption key.

Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) provides encrypted communications on open Wi-Fi networks, which addresses the company's desire to have encryption without requiring a password for guests. It can work in transition mode, which allows for the use of OWE by clients that support it, while still permitting legacy clients to connect without encryption. Combining this with a captive portal enables the desired welcome web page for guests to log in.