H12-821_V1.0 Exam Dumps : HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology V1.0

VRRP defines the following states:

Initialize – The router is starting up or has not joined a VRRP group.

Backup – The router is in standby and monitors the Master.

Master – The only state where the device forwards traffic for the virtual IP address.

Only the router in the Master state owns the virtual MAC and responds to ARP for the virtual IP.

Reference from Huawei HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Study Guide:

“In VRRP, only the Master forwards packets destined for the virtual IP address. Backup routers take over only if the Master fails.”

(Chapter: VRRP Concepts – Section: State Roles and Transitions)

Edge ports are used in RSTP to bypass the spanning tree calculation for ports connected to end devices. By configuring ports like SWD's GE0/0/2 and SWC's GE0/0/2 as edge ports, they transition directly to the Forwarding state upon activation, ensuring faster convergence. Statement A is incorrect because receiving BPDU invalidates the edge port status ​.

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

OSPF Route Preference Hierarchy:

OSPF uses the following preference order for route types when the prefix is the same:

Intra-area routes (D): Routes within the same OSPF area have the highest priority.

Inter-area routes (B): Routes between different OSPF areas are preferred after intra-area routes.

Type 1 external routes (A): External routes redistributed into OSPF, considering the internal OSPF cost to the ASBR.

Type 2 external routes (C): External routes redistributed into OSPF, ignoring the internal OSPF cost to the ASBR.

Lowest Priority:

Type 2 external routes (C) are given the lowest priority because they represent external information that does not consider internal OSPF costs.