Huawei H12-821_V1.0 Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

1 – Idle

2 – Connect

3 – OpenSent

4 – OpenConfirm

5 – Established

6 – Active

TheBGP finite state machinedefines how a BGP speaker transitions through various states when establishing and maintaining a BGP session. Below is the role of each state:

Idle (1)– BGP is waiting to start a connection. Initial state of the BGP process.

Connect (2)– BGP initiates a TCP connection to the peer.

OpenSent (3)– TCP connection is established; BGP sends an OPEN message and waits for one from the peer.

OpenConfirm (4)– BGP has received a valid OPEN message and is now expecting a KEEPALIVE.

Established (5)– BGP session is fully established; UPDATE messages can now be exchanged.

Active (6)– If the TCP connection fails in Connect state, BGP transitions to Active and will retry connection.

Reference from Huawei HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Study Guide:

“BGP goes through the following states in order: Idle → Connect → Active → OpenSent → OpenConfirm → Established. The transition depends on the success or failure of TCP connection setup and BGP message exchanges.”

(Chapter: BGP Principles – Section: BGP State Machine)

When a stack splits, the MAC addresses of the newly formed stacks do not change immediately. Instead, they retain their original MAC addresses until new ones are reassigned during topology updates. This delayed update prevents immediate conflicts and allows MAD (Multiple Active Detection) to handle any resulting issues ​.

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. What is a Firewall Session?

A firewall session is an entry used to maintain the connection state of a protocol.

When a packet is forwarded, the firewall creates a session for it and tracks subsequent packets for the same connection to ensure efficient forwarding and security enforcement.

2. Analysis of Each Option:

Option A: Subsequent fragment

Incorrect.

A session is created for the initial fragment of a packet. Subsequent fragments are matched to the existing session and do not trigger the creation of a new session.

Option B: ICMP error packet

Incorrect.

ICMP error packets (e.g., Destination Unreachable) are considered exceptions and do not create new sessions.

Option C: GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation)

Correct.

GRE is a tunneling protocol that encapsulates packets. A firewall creates a session for GRE traffic to track the state of the encapsulated connection.

Option D: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Correct.

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, and firewalls create sessions for TCP connections to track their state (e.g., SYN, SYN-ACK, FIN).

3. Summary:

The firewall creates sessions forGREandTCPprotocols.