Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer:Net realizable value (NRV) is the estimated selling price of an asset in the ordinary course of business, minus any costs of completion, disposal, or transportation. This is often applied in valuing accounts receivable and inventory.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

B. Going concern – Assumption of business continuity, not asset valuation.

C. Cost – Historical cost, not future realizable value.

D. Fair value – Current market-based measure, not net proceeds after costs.

Key Concept:Net realizable value — valuation method for receivables and inventory.

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer: Affinity fraud occurs when fraudsters exploit trust within identifiable groups—such as religious, ethnic, or professional communities—making members more susceptible to deception.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

B – Social control fraud relates to control fraud by institutions, not religious targeting.

C – Bait and switch is a deceptive sales tactic, not specific to religious groups.

D – Advance-fee scams may target anyone, not specifically religious communities.

Key Concept: Affinity fraud as a corruption/exploitation scheme.

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer:Skimming is defined as the theft of cash before it is recorded in the books. Because the stolen funds are never entered into the accounting system, this is often referred to as an “off-book” fraud. It is distinct from cash larceny, which occurs after cash has been recorded.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

B. The addition of cash – Incorrect; skimming involves removal, not addition.

C. Removal after entry – This describes cash larceny, not skimming.

D. None of above – Incorrect since option A is correct.

Key Concept:Skimming schemes — off-book cash theft.