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A stock transport order is a special type of purchase order that allows you to transfer stock between two plants. Compared to a stock transfer posting, a stock transport order has some advantages, such as:

• You can create stock transport requisitions via MRP, which means you can plan the stock transfer based on the demand and supply situation of the plants1.
• You can post goods receipt to consumption, which means you can directly consume the transferred stock without updating the inventory2.
• You can plan delivery costs, which means you can include the transportation costs in the valuation of the transferred stock. References: SAP Help Portal, SAP Community, [SAP Blogs]

A movement type is a key that determines how goods movements are updated in inventory management and accounting. When defining a new movement type, you can configure some of the following aspects:

• The value string for account determination, which means that you can define which accounts are posted during the goods movement based on the valuation area, valuation class, account category reference, transaction/event key, etc.
• The allowed transactions, which means that you can define which transactions (such as goods receipt, goods issue, transfer posting, etc.) are possible with the movement type.
• The field control, which means that you can define which fields are mandatory, optional, or hidden in the material document for the movement type. References: [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Help Portal]

A subcontracting procurement process involves sending components to a vendor who provides a service and returns an assembled or processed product. Some features of this process are:

• You can maintain the components to be provided in a bill of material (BOM), which specifies the quantity and type of components required for each finished product.
• You can have subcontracting purchase requisitions created by MRP (material requirements planning), which calculates the demand for finished products and components based on various planning parameters.
• You can customize the control parameters for the subcontracting item category (L), which determines whether a goods receipt or an invoice receipt is required, whether account assignment is possible, and whether a material number is mandatory. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 4, Lesson 1.

 To make sure that consignment purchase orders utilize a different number range than other purchase orders, you must customize a new document type, assign a new number range, and assign the item category for consignment only to this type. This way, you can differentiate consignment purchase orders from other types of purchase orders based on their document type and number range. The item category for consignment is K, which indicates that the goods remain in the vendor’s ownership until they are consumed.

You can create MRP areas to plan materials differently within a plant. An MRP area is an organizational unit that represents a separate area of material requirements planning within a plant. You can use MRP areas to plan materials according to different criteria such as storage location, subcontractor, or sales area. References: [SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning], Course S4525, Unit 1, Lesson 1.

When posting an invoice with a cash discount amount using the posting gross method, the cash discount amount is posted to a cash discount clearing account, which is cleared at the time of payment. The posting gross method means that the invoice amount is posted in full to the vendor account and the cash discount clearing account, regardless of whether the payment is made within the cash discount period or not. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4515, Unit 3, Lesson 1.

To prevent certain materials that belong to a material group from being ordered with reference to a contract item, you can use the following method:

• Create material-specific source lists for the contract item and set the Fix indicator, which means that you specify the materials that are allowed to be ordered with reference to the contract item and make them mandatory. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 2, Lesson 1.

Contract leakage is a key performance indicator that measures the percentage of purchase orders that do not have a contract reference, although an existing contract could have been used. It indicates how well the procurement organization is utilizing its contracts and avoiding unnecessary spending. Off-contract spend is a similar concept, but it measures the absolute value of purchase orders that are not covered by contracts. Unused contracts are contracts that have not been used at all or have been used below a certain threshold. Purchase order value is the total value of purchase orders created in a given period. References: [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Help Portal]

Supplier consignment is a special procurement process in which the materials are stored at your premises but are still owned by the vendor. What you must do when using supplier consignment are:

• Create consignment info records, which contain information about the conditions and delivery data for a consignment material from a specific vendor.
• Settle liabilities resulting from consignment stock withdrawals, which means that you pay the vendor for the materials that you have consumed from the consignment stock. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 4, Lesson 1.

To restrict the visibility of pricing conditions in purchase orders to certain users, you must use user parameter EFB (Pricing Conditions). This parameter determines whether pricing conditions are displayed or hidden in purchase orders for each user. You can set this parameter in Customizing under Materials Management -> Purchasing -> Conditions -> Define User Parameter for Pricing Conditions. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 3, Lesson 2.

A blanket purchase order is the best suited type of purchasing document for this purpose. A blanket purchase order is a long-term agreement with a vendor for several minor repairs that may occur over a period of time. You can specify an overall limit value for the blanket purchase order and enter the account assignment information without specifying any material or quantity details. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 2, Lesson 1.

SAP Fiori achieves the role-based design principle by using the following methods:

• By giving end users exactly what they need for their work, which means that SAP Fiori apps are tailored to the specific tasks and processes that users perform in their roles.
• By decomposing big transactions into several discrete apps suited to the user’s role, which means that SAP Fiori apps are focused on one or a few activities that users can complete quickly and easily. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4500, Unit 1, Lesson 1.

The Delivery Completed indicator in a purchase order item signals that no more goods receipts are expected for this item. Some consequences of setting this indicator are:

• You can still post goods receipts of remaining quantities if you have not received the full ordered quantity yet. However, you cannot post goods receipts that exceed the ordered quantity.
• The purchase order item is skipped when delivery reminders are generated by the system. Delivery reminders are messages that are sent to vendors to remind them of overdue deliveries or upcoming delivery dates. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 2, Lesson 1.

SAP Smart Business is a framework that provides real-time insights into key performance indicators (KPIs) and allows users to take actions based on the data. Some SAP Smart Business KPIs available for purchase requisitions are:

• Purchase requisition-to-order cycle time, which measures the average time from the creation of a purchase requisition to the creation of a purchase order.
• Overdue purchase requisitions, which shows the number and value of purchase requisitions that have not been converted to purchase orders by their delivery date.
• Purchase requisition average approval time, which measures the average time from the submission of a purchase requisition to its approval or rejection. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 8, Lesson 1.

The confirmation control key determines the sequence of required confirmations and whether a confirmation is a prerequisite for a goods receipt. It also controls the output type and the transmission medium for the confirmations1 References: SAP Help Portal - Confirmation Control Key

MRP Live is a planning run that is executed on SAP HANA database using optimized algorithms and parallel processing. It can create two types of procurement proposals for externally procured materials:

• Delivery schedule line: This is a line item in a scheduling agreement that specifies the delivery date and quantity for a material.
• Purchase requisition: This is an internal document that requests the purchasing department to procure a certain quantity of a material or service by a certain date. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4525, Unit 1, Lesson 1.

The account determination for planned delivery costs based on the condition type is controlled by the account key that is assigned to the condition type in Customizing for Materials Management under Purchasing -> Conditions -> Define Price Determination Process -> Define Condition Types. The account key determines which general ledger accounts are posted to during invoice verification. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4515, Unit 3, Lesson 1.

Situation Handling is a feature that helps users deal with situations that require their attention or action. A situation template is a predefined configuration that defines the rules and actions for a specific type of situation. For the following business scenarios, a situation template exists in Situation Handling:

• A supplier confirmation is pending, which means that a vendor has not confirmed a purchase order or has confirmed it with different conditions than expected.
• A contract is ready as a source of supply, which means that a contract has been released and can be used as a valid source of supply for purchase requisitions or purchase orders. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 8, Lesson 1.

You can configure the following assignments:

• The allowed account assignment categories for each item category, which determine whether you can assign a purchase requisition or purchasing document item to an account assignment object such as cost center, order, project, or asset.
• The allowed item categories for each document type, which determine whether you can use a specific item category in a purchase requisition or purchasing document with a certain document type. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4520, Unit 3, Lesson 2.

One difference between the SAP Fiori launchpad and the classical SAP Graphical User Interface (SAP GUI) is that the SAP Fiori launchpad is role-based, while SAP GUI often offers single complex transactions for many user roles. This means that the SAP Fiori launchpad provides a user-friendly and personalized access to the applications and tasks that are relevant for a specific user role, while SAP GUI often requires users to navigate through menus and screens that are not relevant for their role. References: [SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning], Course S4500, Unit 1, Lesson 1.

The SAP Smart Business key performance indicator (KPI) tiles are interactive dashboards that provide real-time insights and analytics for purchasing processes. Some of the key features of these tiles are:

• Insight to Action: This feature allows the user to drill down into the details of the KPI and perform appropriate actions based on the analysis. For example, the user can view the purchase requisitions that are overdue and create purchase orders for them directly from the tile.
• Smart alert thresholds: This feature allows the user to set different thresholds for the KPI values and change the color or icon of the tile accordingly. For example, the user can set a red alert if the purchase requisition-to-order cycle time exceeds a certain limit. The tile will display a red icon and notify the user of the critical situation.

The Freeze Book Inventory indicator in a physical inventory document header fixes the book inventory in the physical inventory document at the beginning of the count. This means that any goods movements that occur after the count date are not reflected in the book inventory quantity. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4510, Unit 5, Lesson 1.

To enable the ability to personalize the home page, you must configure it in the SAP Fiori launchpad. The SAP Fiori launchpad is a role-based, personalized, and real-time access point for SAP applications and services. You can configure the personalization settings for the home page in Customizing under SAP Fiori -> Launchpad -> Personalization Settings. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4500, Unit 1, Lesson 1.

The organizational structure for procurement consists of various organizational units that are related to each other. Some properties of this structure are:

• A plant can only belong to one company code, which is the smallest organizational unit for which a complete self-contained set of accounts can be drawn up.
• Several storage locations may be assigned to a plant. A storage location is the place where materials are physically stored within a plant.
• A storage location key must be unique in a plant, but not in a company code. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4500, Unit 1, Lesson 1.

Automatic conversion of purchase requisitions into purchase orders is a process that allows you to create purchase orders automatically from purchase requisitions without manual intervention. The prerequisites for this process are:

• The Automatic Purchase Order indicator is set in the purchasing data of the business partner master record, which means that the vendor is authorized for automatic purchase order creation.
• A source of supply containing valid conditions is assigned to the purchase requisition, which means that there is an agreement or an outline agreement with the vendor that specifies the price and other terms for the material.
• The Automatic Purchase Order indicator is set in the plant-specific purchasing data of the material master record, which means that the material is suitable for automatic purchase order creation. References: [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Help Portal]

The conditions in an already created purchasing info record can be automatically updated by selecting the Info Update indicator when maintaining a quotation from a vendor. This indicator tells the system to update or create purchasing info records with the conditions from the quotation when saving it. The other options do not update the conditions in an existing purchasing info record, as they either create new purchasing info records or do not affect them at all. References: [SAP Help Portal], [SAP Community]

You activate SAP S/4HANA output management for purchasing documents at the document type level. You can assign an output determination procedure to each document type and define output parameters such as output type, channel, recipient, timing, etc. You do not activate output management at the document category, application object, or purchasing organization level. References: [SAP Help Portal - Output Management for Purchasing Documents]

To define field attributes for a business partner, you can use the following influencing factors:

• Activity, which determines whether you are creating or changing a business partner.
• Account group, which defines the number range and field selection for a business partner.
• Business partner role, which defines the functions and relationships of a business partner. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4500, Unit 1, Lesson 1.

If you want to implement production planning and product costing in your company, you must choose plant as the organizational level for stock valuation. This means that each plant has its own valuation area and valuation class for each material. This allows you to valuate materials differently in different plants and calculate production costs accurately. References: SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement | SAP Learning, Course S4550, Unit 1, Lesson 1.