IGMP snooping enables a switch working at Layer 3 to establish a Layer 3 multicast forwarding table by listening to IGMP messages exchanged between the upstream Layer 3 device and the user hosts. The switch working at Layer 3 manages and controls the forwarding of multicast data packets based on the Layer 3 multicast forwarding table, thus suppressing multicast data flooding on the Layer 3 network.
On an IS-IS network, Level-1 routers can access the IS-IS backbone area only through Level-1-2 routers.
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