Free 212-89 ECCouncil Updates

The correct sequence of steps performed by incident responders during the vulnerability assessment phase is as follows:

Perform OSINT information gathering to validate the vulnerabilities (4):Initially, Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is used to gather information about the organization’s digital footprint and potential vulnerabilities.

Run vulnerability scans using tools (1):Next, specialized tools are employed to scan the organization ' s networks and systems for vulnerabilities.

Identify and prioritize vulnerabilities (2):The identified vulnerabilities are then analyzed and prioritized based on their severity and potential impact on the organization.

Examine and evaluate physical security (3):Physical security assessments are also crucial as they can impact the overall security posture and protection of digital assets.

Check for misconfigurations and human errors (6):This step involves looking for misconfigurations in systems and networks, as well as potential human errors that could lead to vulnerabilities.

Apply business and technology context to scanner results (5):The results from the scans are evaluated within the context of the business and its technology environment to accurately assess risks.

Create a vulnerability scan report (7):Finally, a comprehensive report is created, detailing the vulnerabilities, their severity, and recommended mitigation strategies.

This sequence ensures a thorough assessment, prioritizing vulnerabilities that pose the greatest risk and providing actionable insights for mitigation.

During the incident handling and response (IH & R) process, the stage of " Evidence gathering and forensics analysis " involves the collection of evidence, forensic analysis, and detailed investigation to uncover the root cause of the incident. This stage is crucial for understanding how the incident occurred, identifying the threat actors involved, the methods they used (threat vectors), and the extent of the impact. By analyzing evidence, incident responders can reconstruct the sequence of events, identify the vulnerabilities exploited, and determine the scope of the incident. This information is vital for resolving the incident effectively and taking steps to prevent future occurrences.

This scenario represents a classic insider data exfiltration incident, where a legitimate user abuses authorized access to move sensitive information outside organizational boundaries. The ECIH Insider Threat module clearly identifies Data Loss Prevention (DLP) as the primary technical control for detecting and preventing such activity.

Option B is correct because DLP solutions are designed to monitor, classify, and control sensitive data in motion, at rest, and in use. DLP can detect when regulated or confidential data is sent via email, uploaded to cloud services, or copied to external destinations, and can block or alert on policy violations in real time. ECIH emphasizes that DLP is especially effective against low-and-slow insider leaks that bypass perimeter defenses.

Option A improves awareness but does not enforce controls. Option C is overly restrictive and does not prevent other exfiltration channels. Option D is blunt and easily bypassed while disrupting legitimate business use.

ECIH guidance stresses layered insider threat defenses combining policy, monitoring, and enforcement. DLP provides visibility and control without relying solely on user behavior, making it the most effective priority action.

Fragmentation is a technique used by attackers to evade detection by Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). By breaking down packets into smaller fragments, attackers can make it more difficult for these security systems to detect malicious payloads or signature-based patterns associated with known attacks. This method exploits the fact that some IDS/IPS solutions may not properly reassemble packet fragments for analysis, thereby allowing malicious fragments to pass through undetected.