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 Explanation:

Risk appetite defines the amount and type of risk an organization is willing to accept in pursuit of its objectives.

Knowing the potential financial loss the organization is willing to tolerate reflects its risk appetite, guiding decisions around risk management and investment in mitigation measures.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Cost benefit: Cost-benefit analysis evaluates the economic trade-offs of an action but does not define the level of acceptable risk.

C. Business continuity: Focuses on maintaining operations during disruptions, not the organization’s tolerance for financial loss.

D. Likelihood of impact: Refers to the probability of a risk occurring, not the willingness to accept financial loss.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:

The CISO role involves aligning risk appetite with business strategy, as highlighted in the program’s risk management framework.

 Focus on Relevant Metrics:

The Board of Directors (BOD) requires concise, impactful information that demonstrates the organization's security posture. Metrics should highlight risks that directly affect critical business operations.

 Presentation Strategy:

Highlighting only critical and high vulnerabilities on production servers ensures the BOD understands the urgency and importance of these vulnerabilities without overwhelming them with irrelevant details.

 Supporting Reference:

CCISO materials emphasize presenting risk-based metrics that align with organizational priorities to effectively communicate with executive leadership.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (250–350 words)

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The EC-Council CCISO program aligns zero trust architecture with the principle of “never trust, always verify.” CCISO documentation emphasizes that zero trust is identity-centric, not perimeter-centric, making multi-factor authentication (MFA), identity and access management (IAM), and endpoint security the most critical enabling technologies.

MFA ensures that access decisions are not based on a single factor such as a password. IAM enforces least privilege, continuous authentication, and access policy enforcement. Endpoint security validates device posture, health, and trustworthiness before granting access. Together, these controls enable continuous verification of users, devices, and sessions, which is the foundation of zero trust.

Firewalls, IPS, WAFs, SIEM, and DLP (Options C and D) are important supporting controls but do not define zero trust. CCISO materials explicitly state that zero trust shifts security decisions away from network location and toward identity, context, and device trust.

Therefore, Option A is correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (250–350 words) From Exact Extract from Chief Information Security Officer (CCISO) Documents:

The CCISO incident management lifecycle defines eradication as the phase in which malicious artifacts are removed and corrective actions are applied to prevent reinfection. This includes patching systems, removing malware, and distributing updated antivirus signatures.

CCISO guidance explains that containment focuses on limiting spread, collection focuses on evidence gathering, and distribution is not a formal incident phase. Antivirus signature updates are corrective measures designed to eliminate threats and prevent recurrence, making eradication the correct phase.