CTFL_Syll2018 Exam Dumps : ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (Syllabus 2018)

State transition testing is a technique that uses state transition diagrams as a test basis to derive test cases2. A state transition diagram shows the states of a system and the transitions between them triggered by events or conditions2. A test case can cover one or more state transitions, depending on the test objective and coverage criterion2. In this question, the test cases (i) and (ii) cover different sets of state transitions, as shown below:

Test Case

State Transitions

(i) X-Z-V-W

S1 – S2 – S3 – S4 – S2

(ii) W-Y-U-U

S4 – S2 – S4 – S4 – S4

Boundary Value Analysis is a black-box testing technique that is used to test the boundaries or limits of input or output values for a given system or component. Boundary Value Analysis helps to identify errors at the edges of an input or output domain. For example, in a system designed to work out the employee tax to be paid, there are four boundaries for the salary input: $4,000 (lower boundary for tax free), $5,500 (upper boundary for tax free and lower boundary for 10% tax), $34,000 (upper boundary for 10% tax and lower boundary for 22% tax), and any value above $34,000 (upper boundary for 22% tax and lower boundary for 40% tax). A valid Boundary Value Analysis test case would test one value below, on, and above each boundary. For example, $33,501 is a valid test case because it is one value above the boundary of $34,000. A detailed explanation of Boundary Value Analysis can be found in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], pages 38-41.

This is an example of a failure, which is an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits. In this case, the calculator software failed to perform the addition function correctly and gave an incorrect result.