CTAL-ATT Exam Dumps : Certified Tester Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester

The user story provided is quite broad and encompasses multiple functionalities, which suggests it is more of an epic than a small, deliverable user story. The INVEST criteria for Agile user stories require that stories be Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, and Testable. In this case:

Independent: This user story seems to have dependencies, as the ability to print the bill, view it in different currencies, and flag items are likely interconnected functionalities.

Negotiable: The user story provides specific solutions rather than outlining the problem to solve, which limits the negotiation on how to implement the solutions.

Valuable: The story does provide value to the hotel guest, which is clear.

Estimable: With the information provided, the development team can likely estimate the effort required.

Small: The story is not small; it covers multiple features that probably cannot be delivered in a single iteration.

Testable: The acceptance criteria are testable, although they are quite detailed and prescriptive.

References = The explanation is based on the INVEST criteria as described in Agile methodologies1234. The criteria are used to assess the quality of a user story, ensuring it is well-defined and suitable for Agile development practices. The user story in question does not fully meet the ‘Negotiable’ and ‘Small’ criteria, which is essential for maintaining flexibility and delivering incremental value in Agile projects.

In the context of test-driven development (TDD), the next step after writing a failing test is to write the minimum amount of code necessary to make the test pass. This approach encourages simple designs and inspires confidence that the system is functioning as expected. Once the test passes, you can then refactor the code to improve its structure without changing its behavior.

References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus outlines the TDD process as a cycle of writing a failing test, making it pass, and then refactoring the code. This is a fundamental practice in Agile technical testing to ensure that the codebase remains clean and maintainable12.

A deterministic unit test is one that produces the same results every time it is run under the same conditions. This characteristic is crucial for unit tests because it ensures that the tests are reliable and that their results are repeatable. Deterministic tests help in identifying when a change in the codebase has introduced a defect, as any variation in the test outcome can be attributed to the change rather than an unpredictable test behavior12.

References = The ISTQB Advanced Level Agile Technical Tester syllabus and study resources emphasize the importance of deterministic behavior in unit tests as part of ensuring test reliability and effectiveness34.