HashiCorp VA-002-P Dumps

Terraform is able to import existing infrastructure. This allows you to take resources you've created by some other means and bring it under Terraform management.

This is a great way to slowly transition infrastructure to Terraform or to be sure you're confident that you can use Terraform in the future if it currently doesn't support every AWS service or feature you need

today.

When reading a dynamic secret, such as via vault read, Vault always returns a lease_id. This is the ID used with commands such as vault lease renew and vault lease revoke to manage the lease of the secret.

vault lease lookup

Usage: vault lease [options] [args]

This command groups subcommands for interacting with leases. Users can revoke or renew leases.

Renew a lease:

$ vault lease renew database/creds/readonly/2f6a614c...

Revoke a lease:

$ vault lease revoke database/creds/readonly/2f6a614c...

Subcommands:

renew Renews the lease of a secret

revoke Revokes leases and secrets

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HashiCorp style conventions state that you should use 2 spaces between each nesting level to improve the readability of Terraform configurations.

When you send data to Vault for encryption, it must be in the form of base64-encoded plaintext for safe transport.

When data is encrypted using Vault, the resulting ciphertext is prepended by the version of the key used to encrypt it. In this case, the version is v2, which means that the encryption key was rotated at least one time. Any data that was encrypted with the original key would have been prepended with vault:v1

To rotate a key, use the command vault write -f transit/keys//rotate

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The kv delete command is like a soft delete which deletes the data for the provided path in the key/value secrets engine. If using K/V Version 2, its versioned data will not be fully removed, but marked as deleted and will no longer be available for normal get requests.

The kv destroy command permanently removes the specified versions' data from the key/value secrets engine. If no key exists at the path, no action is taken. It does not deletes all versions of a secret.

The kv metadata delete command deletes all versions and metadata for the provided key.

Wildcards and path segments can be used to allow access to a broader set of secrets rather than having to call out each individual secret itself. None of the other policies will allow a client to actually read the data stored at the path secrets/applications/app01/api_key

The root token should never be used on a day-to-day basis and should always be revoked once a permanent auth method has been configured.

In this scenario, the key to answering is that there are applications actively running the secondary data center. Because of this, you can deploy Performance Replication and the applications can now use the Vault cluster in their respective data center. This reduces network latency for your applications and provides you with a secondary cluster for redundancy.

When a parent token is revoked, all of its child tokens and leases are revoked as well. This ensures that a user cannot skip revocation by simply making a timeless tree of child tokens.

Batch tokens are generally used for encrypting data because they are lightweight and scalable and also include enough information to use with Vault.

The Vault provider allows Terraform to read from, write to, and configure Harshicorp Vault.

When writing a Vault policy, permissions which can be applied to paths include create, read, update, delete, list, deny, and sudo.

Modify is not one of them.

The terraform fmt command is used to rewrite Terraform configuration files to a canonical format and style. This command applies a subset of the Terraform language style conventions, along with other minor adjustments for readability.

Other Terraform commands that generate Terraform configuration will produce configuration files that conform to the style imposed by terraform fmt, so using this style in your own files will ensure consistency.

When assigning a value to an argument, it must be enclosed in quotes ("...") unless it is being generated programmatically.

The /sys/leader endpoint is used to check the current leader of Vault as well as high availability status.

"Deny" capability generally takes precedence over "allow" capability.

Therefore, if you add the correct deny statement, the user will be able to read all secrets except for the data stored at secret/apps/confidential

Before Vault can be used, it must be initialized and unsealed. This screen indicates that Vault has not been initialized yet and is offering you a way to do so.

Interacting with Vault from Terraform causes any secrets that you read and write to be persisted in both Terraform's state file and in any generated plan files. For any Terraform module that reads or writes Vault secrets, these files should be treated as sensitive and protected accordingly.

The system max TTL, which is 32 days but can be changed in Vault's configuration file.

The max TTL set on a mount using mount tuning. This value is allowed to override the system max TTL -- it can be longer or shorter, and if set this value will be respected.

A value suggested by the auth method that issued the token. This might be configured on a per-role, per-group, or per-user basis. This value is allowed to be less than the mount max TTL (or, if not set, the system max TTL), but it is not allowed to be longer.

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The constructs in the Terraform language can also be expressed in JSON syntax, which is harder for humans to read and edit but easier to generate and parse programmatically.

By default, the state file is stored in a local file named "terraform.tfstate", but it can also be stored remotely, which works better in a team environment.

The terraform init command is used to initialize a working directory containing Terraform configuration files. This is the first command that should be run after writing a new Terraform configuration or cloning an existing one from version control. It is safe to run this command multiple times.

Within each datacenter, we have a mixture of clients and servers. It is expected that there be between three to five servers. This strikes a balance between availability in the case of failure and performance, as consensus gets progressively slower as more machines are added. However, there is no limit to the number of clients, and they can easily scale into the thousands or tens of thousands.

Server or Leader - It indicates whether the agent is running in server or client mode. Server nodes participate in the consensus quorum, storing cluster state, and handling queries. At any given time, the peer set elects a single node to be the leader. The leader is responsible for ingesting new log entries, replicating to followers, and managing when an entry is considered committed.

Client or Follower - Client nodes make up the majority of the cluster, and they are very lightweight as they interface with the server nodes for most operations and maintain a very little state of their own.

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Terraform is available for macOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, Solaris, Windows

The Vault server process collects various runtime metrics about the performance of different libraries and subsystems. These metrics are aggregated on a ten-second interval and are retained for one minute. This telemetry information can be used for debugging or otherwise getting a better view of what Vault is doing.

Telemetry information can be streamed directly from Vault to a range of metrics aggregation solutions as described in the telemetry Stanza documentation.

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The terraform show command is used to provide human-readable output from a state or plan file. This can be used to inspect a plan to ensure that the planned operations are expected, or to inspect the current state as Terraform sees it.

Machine-readable output can be generated by adding the -json command-line flag.

Note: When using the -json command-line flag, any sensitive values in Terraform state will be displayed in plain text.

The terraform state command is used for advanced state management. Rather than modify the state directly, the terraform state commands can be used in many cases instead.

Note: (5/27/20) This QUESTION NO: has been recently updated to reflect documentation updates on the HashiCorp website. It seems they have removed the clustering-specific requirements and are now following the standard Enterprise operating system requirements.

Terraform Enterprise currently supports running under the following operating systems for a Clustered deployment:

- Ubuntu 16.04.3 - 16.04.5 / 18.04

- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 through 7.7

- CentOS 7.4 - 7.7

- Amazon Linux

- Oracle Linux

Clusters currently don't support other Linux variants.

The Terraform language includes a number of built-in functions that you can call from within expressions to transform and combine values. The Terraform language does not support user-defined functions, and only the functions built into the language are available for use.