ECCouncil 212-81 Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

Total Break

The results of cryptanalysis can also vary in usefulness. For example, cryptographer Lars Knudsen (1998) classified various types of attack on block ciphers according to the amount and quality of secret information that was discovered:

Total break — the attacker deduces the secret key.

Global deduction — the attacker discovers a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption, but without learning the key.

Instance (local) deduction — the attacker discovers additional plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.

Information deduction — the attacker gains some Shannon information about plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.

Distinguishing algorithm — the attacker can distinguish the cipher from a random permutation.

Explanation

RSA

RSA use for encryption email and create digital signatures

Explanation

X.509

X.509 is a standard defining the format of public key certificates. X.509 certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS/SSL, which is the basis for HTTPS, the secure protocol for browsing the web. They are also used in offline applications, like electronic signatures. An X.509 certificate contains a public key and an identity (a hostname, or an organization, or an individual), and is either signed by a certificate authority or self-signed. When a certificate is signed by a trusted certificate authority, or validated by other means, someone holding that certificate can rely on the public key it contains to establish secure communications with another party, or validate documents digitally signed by the corresponding private key.