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Constructionprojects often use pain/gain share mechanisms to align contractor performance with client objectives. They balance risk and reward—sharing savings or overruns based on project outcomes.

Primary datais original information gathered firsthand for a specific purpose—such as surveys, interviews, or focus groups. By contrast,secondary datacomes from existing sources. A survey, therefore, is an appropriate primary data-gathering tool.

Parallel working (or parallel running)is used when switching suppliers to ensure continuity of supply. Both suppliers operate simultaneously for a transition period until the new supplier demonstrates stability and quality.

When stakeholders holdhigh poweror influence, communication should bedirect and engaging, ensuring clarity and accountability.

Face-to-faceteam meetingsallow discussion and immediate feedback, whileemailsprovide documented communication. Noticeboards and website articles are better suited for lower-power or external audiences.