Apple Certified Support Professional Apple-Device-Support Updated Exam

 FileVault is a feature that encrypts the entire APFS volume on a Mac using the AES-XTS data encryption algorithm. FileVault encryption keys are generated at different times depending on the scenario. According to the Apple Support documents12, FileVault encryption keys are generated in the following situations:

• During the first login by a user on the Mac: This happens when FileVault is turned on during the initial Setup Assistant process. The user’s password and the hardware UID are used to protect the class key, which wraps the volume encryption key. The user’s password is also used to generate a personal recovery key, which can be used to unlock the volume if the user forgets their password or their account is deleted.
• When a user turns on FileVault: This happens when FileVault is turned on later from the System Settings. The user’s password and the hardware UID are used to protect the class key, which wraps the volume encryption key. The user’s password is also used to generate a personal recovery key, which can be used to unlock the volume if the user forgets their password or their account is deleted. An anti-replay mechanism prevents the old key (based on hardware UID only) from being used to decrypt the volume.
• During user creation: This happens when a new user is added to the Mac after FileVault is turned on. The new user’s password and the hardware UID are used to protect the class key, which wraps the volume encryption key. The new user’s password is also used to generate a personal recovery key, which can be used to unlock the volume if the user forgets their password or their account is deleted.

The other options are not correct because FileVault encryption keys are not generated in those situations. When a user is deleted, their FileVault encryption key is removed from the Mac, but the volume encryption key remains the same. Setting the first user’s password does not generate FileVault encryption keys unless FileVault is turned on during the Setup Assistant process or later from the System Settings. References: Intro to FileVault - Apple Support, Volume encryption with FileVault in macOS - Apple Support

The installer log is a useful tool to troubleshoot macOS installation issues. The installer log records the progress and status of the installation process, as well as any errors or warnings that may occur. You can view the installer log during or after the installation by following these steps1:

• To view the installer log during the installation, press Command-L on your keyboard. A new window will open showing the log messages. You can press Command-3 to show all messages, or Command-4 to show errors and progress messages only.
• To view the installer log after the installation, open the Console app from the Applications > Utilities folder. In the sidebar, select your Mac under Devices, then choose /var/log > install.log from the list of log files. You can use the search field or the filter bar to find relevant messages.

The installer log can help you identify the cause of the installation issue, such as a corrupted installer file, insufficient disk space, incompatible software, or network problems. You can use the information in the installer log to troubleshoot the issue or contact Apple Support for further assistance. References: How to use the macOS installer log to troubleshoot installation problems - Macworld

System Settings > Network > VPN & Filters > Add VPN Configuration

To use AirPlay to share content exclusively with a specific individual from your Apple iPhone and Mac, you need to set the “Allow AirPlay for” option to “Current user” on your Mac. This option allows only devices where you’re signed in with the same Apple ID as on the Mac to stream to the Mac. To set this option, you need to go to System Preferences > Sharing and click on “AirPlay Receiver” in the list that appears on the left. Then, choose “Current user” from the menu next to “Allow AirPlay for”. After that, you can use AirPlay to stream or mirror content from your iPhone to your Mac by tapping the AirPlay button in the app that you’re using or in Control Center1234. References: = Apple - Support - Manuals, macOS User Guide, Set up your Mac to be an AirPlay receiver; Apple - Support - Manuals, Use AirPlay to stream video or mirror the screen of your iPhone; How to AirPlay From iPhone or iPad to Your Mac - How-To Geek; How to Use AirPlay (Screen Mirroring) on a Mac - How-To Geek.