SPI Exam Dumps : Sonography Principles and Instrumentation

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The primary advantage of pulsed-wave Doppler is its ability to provide range resolution. This means the operator can select a specific depth (sample volume) from which Doppler signals are acquired, allowing precise localization of blood flow velocities.

According to sonography instrumentation reference:

“Pulsed-wave Doppler allows for range resolution, enabling velocity measurements at a specific depth along the ultrasound beam path.”

Continuous-wave Doppler does not have range resolution, as it measures velocities along the entire beam path.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Range resolution.

—

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Defects in transducer crystals result in missing or weakened signals along the beam path produced by those elements, creating dropout. In array transducers, dropout typically appears as vertical or horizontal dark zones depending on which elements are affected.

According to sonography instrumentation reference:

“Crystal failure results in areas of signal dropout directly beneath the defective elements due to loss of transmitted or received signals.”

Therefore, the correct answer is D: Dropout.

—

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Harmonic imaging operates by transmitting at the fundamental frequency and receiving echoes at the second harmonic frequency (which is twice the fundamental frequency). Therefore, the transducer must have a broad enough bandwidth to include both frequencies.

According to sonography instrumentation reference:

“For harmonic imaging, the transducer bandwidth must accommodate both the transmitted fundamental frequency and the received second harmonic frequency.”

Therefore, the correct answer is A: Fundamental and second harmonic frequencies.

—