ARDMS AB-Abdomen Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

Caput medusae refers to dilated paraumbilical veins due to portal hypertension. When portal venous pressure rises, collateral channels may open along the ligamentum teres and recanalized paraumbilical vein, resulting in visible dilated veins radiating from the umbilicus.

Esophageal varices (B) are gastroesophageal collaterals.

Coronary vein varices (C) involve gastric veins.

Splenic vein varices (D) are typically localized to the splenic hilum.

Reference Extracts:

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.

Gore RM, Levine MS. Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. 4th ed. Saunders, 2015.

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Scrotal inflammation, such as epididymitis or orchitis, typically presents with increased blood flow (hyperemia) on color Doppler sonography. This finding reflects the inflammatory process and vascular dilation. Abscesses, granulomas, or hydroceles may be present but are not as consistent or specific for inflammation.

According to AIUM Practice Parameters and Rumack’s Diagnostic Ultrasound:

“In acute inflammation, color Doppler ultrasound demonstrates prominent hyperemia of the epididymis or testis.”

Courvoisier sign describes the clinical finding of painless jaundice combined with a palpable, distended gallbladder. This typically results from obstruction at the distal common bile duct, often due to pancreatic head carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma, leading to bile accumulation and gallbladder distention. In contrast, Mirizzi syndrome involves compression of the common hepatic duct by an impacted stone in the cystic duct.

According to Rumack's Diagnostic Ultrasound and standard clinical references:

“Courvoisier sign refers to a palpable, enlarged gallbladder due to obstruction of the distal bile duct, often from malignancy.”