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Risk management is the continuous and proactive process of identifying areas where a business may suffer losses, assessing the likelihood and potential impact of those losses, and implementing security countermeasures to minimize or eliminate them. This function ensures that organizational assets—people, property, and information—are protected against threats such as theft, sabotage, natural disasters, and operational failures.

References from PSP: ASIS POA – Risk Management; PSP Study Guide – Physical Security Assessment Domain

Capacitance proximity sensors detect changes in electrical capacitance, which can be influenced by environmental conditions. Changes in relative humidity can affect the dielectric properties of the air or materials nearby, potentially causing false alarms or degraded performance.

B (Temperature) and C (Air movement) typically affect other sensor types (e.g., infrared or ultrasonic).

D (End-of-line resistance) applies to alarm circuit supervision, not proximity sensing.

Intrusion sensor performance is commonly evaluated using three key criteria: probability of detection, nuisance alarm rate, and vulnerability to defeat. Probability of detection measures how effectively the sensor identifies actual intrusions. Nuisance alarm rate refers to the frequency of false or unnecessary alarms, which can reduce trust in the system and lead to complacency among personnel. Vulnerability to defeat assesses how easily the sensor can be bypassed or compromised by an intruder. From a Human Resource and organizational management perspective, these factors are critical because they directly influence employee response, security awareness, and overall workplace safety. High false alarm rates may lead to reduced attentiveness among staff, while poor detection capability or high vulnerability can expose the organization to risks. Therefore, option D correctly represents the standard performance criteria.

A security survey is a detailed, on-site examination of an organization’s premises, operations, procedures, and systems. Its purpose is to identify weaknesses, evaluate risks, and recommend countermeasures. It includes physical inspection, interviews, documentation reviews, and testing of current security controls.

This is distinct from a risk analysis (which is more data-focused) or a performance audit (which evaluates outcomes rather than vulnerabilities).

References from PSP: Physical Security Assessment – ASIS POA; PSP Certification Study Manual – Domain 1