JN0-1103 Exam Dumps : Design - Associate (JNCIA-Design)

VXLAN and MPLS are commonly used to encapsulate frames and provide Layer 2 reachability across an IP fabric. VXLAN enables L2 overlays over L3 infrastructure, while MPLS can also be used in L2VPN services to extend L2 connectivity across IP/MPLS networks.

Modularity in network design allows for easier scalability, troubleshooting, and future upgrades by segmenting the network into functional blocks. This approach simplifies management and enhances the network's ability to adapt to changing requirements.

In an EBGP-based IP fabric, each router is in a separate AS, so route reflection is unnecessary - each peer communicates directly. Also, since EBGP peers can form adjacencies using directly connected interfaces, an IGP is not required for underlay routing, simplifying the control plane.