JN0-1103 Exam Dumps : Design - Associate (JNCIA-Design)

VXLAN and MPLS are commonly used to encapsulate frames and provide Layer 2 reachability across an IP fabric. VXLAN enables L2 overlays over L3 infrastructure, while MPLS can also be used in L2VPN services to extend L2 connectivity across IP/MPLS networks.

The exhibit shows a hierarchical structure with Leaf, Spine, and Super Spine layers. This architecture is characteristic of a 7-stage IP fabric, which is used in large-scale data centers to provide high scalability and bandwidth. It extends the 3-stage fabric by adding an additional spine layer (Super Spine) for interconnecting multiple spine layers.

Planned outages (for maintenance or upgrades) and WAN failures (due to carrier or link issues) both directly impact network uptime by causing service disruptions, either scheduled or unexpected.