101-500 Exam Dumps : LPIC-1 Exam 101, Part 1 of 2, version 5.0

 The vi editor is a text editor that operates in two modes: command mode and insert mode. In command mode, the user can enter commands to perform various operations on the text, such as copying, pasting, deleting, moving, searching, etc. In insert mode, the user can type text into the file. To switch from command mode to insert mode, the user can press i, a, o, or other keys. To switch from insert mode to command mode, the user can press Esc. The yy command is used to copy (yank) the current line into a buffer. The number before the yy command specifies how many lines to copy, starting from the current line. Therefore, the command 17yy will copy the current line and the following 16 lines (17 lines total) into a buffer. The buffer can then be pasted into another location by using the p or P command. Note that the command 17yy does not paste the copied lines, it only copies them. References:

• LPI 101-500 Exam Objectives, Topic 103.8, Weight 4
• LPI Learning Materials, Chapter 3.8, Advanced Scripting
• Web Search Results, 1

The shutdown command is used to bring the system down in a safe and controlled way. It can take various options and arguments, such as the time of shutdown, the message to broadcast to users, the halt or reboot mode, etc. The option -r instructs the shutdown command to reboot the system after shutting down. The argument now means to shut down immediately. Therefore, shutdown -r now will reboot the system without delay. The telinit command is used to change the run level of the system. It takes a single argument that specifies the new run level. The run level 6 is reserved for rebooting the system. Therefore, telinit 6 will also reboot the system. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant. shutdown -r “rebooting” will also reboot the system, but with a delay of one minute and a message to the users. telinit 0 will halt the system, not reboot it. shutdown -k now “rebooting” will only send a warning message to the users, but not actually shut down or reboot the system. References: LPI Linux Essentials - 1.101.2, LPI Linux Administrator - 101.3

 The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is a tool that allows the creation and management of logical volumes on Linux systems. Logical volumes are partitions that can span multiple physical disks and can be resized or deleted without affecting the rest of the system. Some of the benefits of using LVM are:

• To dynamically change the size of logical volumes. LVM allows the user to increase or decrease the size of a logical volume without having to repartition the disk or reboot the system. This can be useful for allocating more space to a volume that is running out of space, or freeing up space from a volume that is not needed anymore.
• To create snapshots. LVM allows the user to create a snapshot of a logical volume, which is a copy of the volume at a certain point in time. Snapshots can be used for backup purposes, as they can be restored to the original volume if needed. Snapshots can also be used for testing purposes, as they can be mounted as read-only or read-write volumes without affecting the original volume.
• To dynamically create or delete logical volumes. LVM allows the user to create or delete logical volumes on the fly, without having to repartition the disk or reboot the system. This can be useful for creating temporary volumes for specific purposes, or deleting volumes that are no longer needed.

LVM cannot be used for the following purposes:

• To create RAID 9 arrays. RAID 9 is not a valid RAID level, and LVM does not support RAID functionality. RAID is a technique that uses multiple disks to provide redundancy, performance, or both. RAID can be implemented at the hardware level, by using a RAID controller, or at the software level, by using tools such as mdadm or dmraid. LVM can work on top of RAID devices, but it cannot create them.
• To encrypt logical volumes. LVM does not provide encryption functionality. Encryption is a technique that protects data from unauthorized access by using a secret key to transform the data into an unreadable form. Encryption can be implemented at the disk level, by using tools such as dm-crypt or LUKS, or at the file system level, by using tools such as eCryptfs or EncFS. LVM can work on top of encrypted devices, but it cannot encrypt them.

References:

• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 3: Command Line Operations
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 4: User Interfaces and Desktops
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 5: Administrative Tasks
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 6: Essential System Services
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 7: Networking Fundamentals
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 8: Security Fundamentals
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 9: Basic Scripting
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 10: IT Explorations
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 11: Finding Your Way on a Linux System
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 12: The Power of the Command Line
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 13: The Linux Operating System
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 14: Security and File Permissions
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 15: Basic Linux System Administration
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 16: Quotas
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 17: Managing Users and Groups
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 18: Ownership and Permissions
• LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 19: Special Permissions and Attributes