Saylor Direct Credit Courses BUS105 Passing Score

Cash collections and payments for purchases are cash inflows and outflows that must be captured in the Cash Budget. The Cash Budget is a critical component of the master budget and is used to estimate the cash position of the company at various points during the budgeting period. This includes timing of cash collections from sales (accounts receivable) and cash disbursements for purchases, wages, overhead, and other expenses.

As per Saylor Academy BUS105: Managerial Accounting, Unit 9 – How Do Managers Use Budgets?, Section 9.3: Preparing a Cash Budget:

“The cash budget shows the company's expected cash inflows and outflows over a period of time. This includes all cash collected from sales and all payments made for expenses, purchases of direct materials, and other disbursements.”

Therefore:

Option A (Cash budget) is correct.

Option B (Budgeted income statement) records revenues and expenses, not timing of actual cash flows.

Option C (Manufacturing overhead budget) focuses on estimating overhead costs but not cash flow.

Option D (Direct materials purchases budget) estimates how much material to buy but does not directly reflect actual payments.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Management by Exception is a management style that focuses attention and resources on areas where actual results deviate significantly from expected results.

According to Saylor Academy BUS105:

“Management by exception is a principle where managers focus only on significant variances between actual and budgeted results.”

Only Option D reflects a significant unfavorable variance that exceeds a predefined threshold—this is exactly the kind of situation where management by exception would trigger action.

Answer: D

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

The key difference between absorption and variable costing is how fixed manufacturing overhead is treated:

Under absorption costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is allocated to units produced and becomes part of inventory until sold.

Under variable costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is treated as a period cost (expensed immediately).

Therefore, when:

→ All units produced are sold and no inventory remains or is carried over,

→ There’s no difference between how costs are treated under either method.

Option B matches this condition exactly—no beginning inventory, and all produced units are sold.

Answer: B

Target cost is a pricing strategy that starts with the selling price and subtracts the desired profit to determine the maximum allowable cost.

Formula:

Target Cost = Selling Price − Desired Profit

Desired Profit = Selling Price × Profit Percentage

= $350 × 0.40 = $140

Target Cost = $350 − $140 = $210

Answer: C