Passed Exam Today Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations

 In programming, a string is used to store sequences of characters, which can include letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces. Strings are typically utilized to store textual data, such as words and sentences12. For example, the word “positive” would be stored as a string. While strings can contain numbers, they are not used to store numbers in their numeric form but rather as text. Therefore, options A, C, and D, which involve numbers or boolean values, would not be stored as strings unless they are meant to be treated as text.

The algorithm provided in the image performs a modulo operation with 2 (x % 2) and checks if the result is 1. In programming, the modulo operation gives the remainder of the division of two numbers. For any integer x, if x % 2 equals 1, it means that x is odd because it has a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Even numbers, when divided by 2, have no remainder and thus would return 0 in a modulo 2 operation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem or perform a task, typically expressed as a sequence of instructions. According to foundational programming principles, algorithms are actionable, ordered, and finite processes.

Option A: "The sign of two integers determines the sign of the product." This is incorrect. This is a mathematical rule or observation (e.g., positive × positive = positive), not a sequence of steps to solve a problem.

Option B: "The list contains apples, bananas, and oranges." This is incorrect. This is a data description, not a procedure or algorithm.

Option C: "A webpage uses an HTML file type." This is incorrect. This is a statement about file format, not a step-by-step process.

Option D: "Unplug the device, wait 30 seconds, and restart the device." This is correct. This is a clear, ordered sequence of steps to troubleshoot a device, qualifying as an algorithm.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithms).

Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Chapter 1: The Role of Algorithms).

W3Schools: “What is an Algorithm?” (general programming principles).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Object-oriented programming (OOP) languages are distinguished by their use of objects, which encapsulate data and behavior, and support features like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), this object-based approach is unique to OOP and not inherent to procedural or functional paradigms.

Option A: "The language is optimized for recursive programming." This is incorrect. Recursion is a technique supported by many languages across paradigms, including procedural (e.g., C), functional (e.g., Haskell), and object-oriented (e.g., Java). It is not unique to OOP.

Option B: "The language is based on the concept of modular programming and the calling of a subroutine." This is incorrect. Modular programming and subroutines (functions or procedures) are central to procedural languages (e.g., C) and also supported in functional languages. While OOP languages support modularity, this is not their distinguishing feature.

Option C: "The language treats programs as evaluating mathematical functions." This is incorrect. This describes functional programming languages (e.g., Haskell, Lisp), which emphasize immutability and function evaluation, not OOP.

Option D: "The language supports decomposing a program into objects that interact with one another." This is correct. OOP languages (e.g., Java, C++, Python) are characterized by organizing code into objects that encapsulate data and methods, interacting through messages or method calls. This is not a feature of procedural (e.g., C) or functional (e.g., Scheme) languages, which focus on procedures or functions, respectively.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Programming Paradigms).

Python Documentation: “Classes”

W3Schools: “Java OOP”